高尿酸血症与2型糖尿病

正2010年国际糖尿病联盟(IDF)成员国统计数字显示,6.4%的成人为糖尿病患者,即2.85亿人,预计这一数字在2030年将达到超过4.4亿人~([1]),其中约85%至95%的患者为2型糖尿病患者。而中国人群糖尿病的患病率为9.7%,糖尿病前期的患病率为15.5%~([2])。近年来,全球高尿酸血症的患病率正逐年上升。美国1988—1994年间高尿酸血症的患病率为18.2%;2007—2008年间已经增长到21.4%~([3])。在我国,高尿酸血症的患病率差异很     

高血压病合并高尿酸血症与2型糖尿病的相关性研究

目的:探讨高血压病合并高尿酸血症(HUA)与2型糖尿病(T2DM)的相关性。方法:连续入选原发性高血压病患者428例,根据是否合并HUA分为HUA组(88例)和非HUA组(340例),收集两组患者临床和实验室检查资料,通过回顾性研究高血压病合并HUA与T2DM的关系。结果:与非HUA组比较,HUA组的BMI、收缩压、舒张压、脉压、血清尿酸水平明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05),而两组的年龄、性别构成比较,差异无统计学意义(P0. 05)。HUA组患者的T2DM患病率明显高于非HUA组(P0. 01)。二分类Logistic回归分析显示:HUA是高血压病合并T2DM的危险因素(OR=5. 004,95%CI:1. 781~14. 059,P=0. 002)。Spearman相关性分析显示,T2DM患病率与HUA呈正相关(r=0. 231,P=0. 000)。结论:高血压病合并HUA患者的T2DM患病率明显升高。T2DM患病率与HUA具有相关性。HUA是高血压病合并T2DM的危险因素。     

老年2型糖尿病高尿酸血症相关因素分析

目的探讨老年2型糖尿病高尿酸血症的相关因素。方法将2013-01~2016-01该院住院治疗的240例60岁以上2型糖尿病老年患者,按血尿酸水平分为高尿酸(HUA)组(A组)45例,非高尿酸(NUA)组(B组)195例,分析两组体重指数(BMI)、血压、空腹血糖(FPG)、糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1c)、尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(Scr)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)水平差异。结果老年2型糖尿病高尿酸血症患病率18.7%。高尿酸血症与TG、TC、BMI、血压密切相关。结论应控制体重,降低TG,积极预防老年2型糖尿病高尿酸血症。     

2型糖尿病合并高尿酸血症的危险因素分析

目的探讨2型糖尿病合并高尿酸血症的危险因素。方法回顾性分析120例2型糖尿病患者的临床资料,按血尿酸水平分为高尿酸组（60例）及正常尿酸组（60例）,采用单因素相关和多因素回归分析的方法研究2型糖尿病合并高尿酸血症的危险因素。结果多因素回归分析发现男性、饮酒、肥胖和LDL-C为糖尿病合并高尿酸血症的危险因素。结论不良的生活方式及脂代谢紊乱为2型糖尿病合并高尿酸血症的危险因素。     

高尿酸血症与2型糖尿病的关系研究

目的探讨高尿酸血症与2型糖尿病的关系。方法选取我院2009年1月—2011年1月收治的30例2型糖尿病患者为观察组,并选取同期30例健康人为对照组,比较两组患者的尿酸及血脂水平。结果观察组患者的血尿酸、TG、TC、LDL-C、HDL-C水平与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 2型糖尿病患者尿酸与慢性并发症的发生有关,高尿酸血症患者易诱发糖尿病,糖尿病患者易发生高尿酸血症,尿酸可作为临床血管粥样硬化的一个危险因素。     

2型糖尿病伴高尿酸血症与慢性并发症相关性研究

目的探讨2型糖尿病合并高尿酸血症与糖尿病慢性并发症的相关性。方法将1 047名住院2型糖尿病患者分为单纯2型糖尿病组（A组）和2型糖尿病合并高尿酸血症组（B组）,比较两组临床指标、糖尿病慢性并发症的差异,分析高尿酸血症与糖尿病慢性并发症的相关性。结果 1A组病程与B组显著不同（P〈0.05）,A组BMI、TC、TG、LDL-C、Cr与B组显著不同（P〈0.01）。2A组糖尿视网膜病变（DR）、尿微量白蛋白排泄率、糖尿病周围神经病变（DPN）、下肢血管病变、冠心病发生率均高于B组（P〈0.05）。3多元线性回归分析显示,TG、LDL-C、BMI及Cr是高尿酸血症的影响因素（P〈0.01）。结论 2型糖尿病合并高尿酸血症和肥胖、血脂异常有关,可能参与糖尿病视网膜病变、肾病、周围神经病变、下肢血管病变和冠心病发生发展。     

2型糖尿病合并高尿酸血症的相关因素分析

目的研究2型糖尿病(T2DM)尿酸相关因素,探讨尿酸水平在代谢综合征(MS)等发病中的作用。方法将2007年3月至2008年3月辽宁医学院附属第一医院内分泌科收治的731例T2DM患者按尿酸水平分为高尿酸组及正常尿酸组,比较两组一般临床资料及MS组分情况,偏相关分析高尿酸血症的相关危险因素。结果尿酸与三酰甘油、体重指数、血压等呈正相关(P<0.05);高尿酸组的MS等患病率明显升高。结论T2DM尿酸与多因素相关,提示T2DM高尿酸血症是MS等发病的危险因素之一。     

女性2型糖尿病患者绝经年龄及其相关因素研究

目的 研究2型糖尿病（T2DM）女性患者绝经年龄的变化,并探讨其可能的影响因素.方法 采用问卷形式对郑州市区及其周边≥40岁女性人群进行随机调查,共计986人,其中356名无糖尿病女性为正常对照组（NC）、143例于绝经前诊断的T2DM患者为A1组及487例绝经后诊断的T2DM患者为A2组.问卷内容包括家族人员构成、既往病史、服药史、吸烟饮酒史、体力活动、睡眠时间、情绪、月经生育史、哺乳时间等.组间比较采用t检验或t ＇检验,采用多元逐步回归模型分析各种因素对绝经年龄的影响.结果 A1组绝经年龄明显高于NC组[分别为（51±3）比（49±4）岁,t=-5.776,P＜0.05];A2组绝经年龄与NC组差异无统计学意义[分别为（49±4）比（49±4）岁,t=0.481,P＞0.05].多元逐步回归分析结果提示绝经年龄受多种因素的影响,是否患T2DM对一般人群绝经年龄影响最大（偏回归系数=0.339,P＜0.05）,糖尿病病程对绝经前患病的T2DM患者绝经年龄影响最大（偏回归系数=0.442,P＜0.05）.结论 女性T2DM患者绝经年龄延迟,其绝经年龄与糖尿病病程呈正相关.     

高尿酸血症与2型糖尿病

大量研究已证实高尿酸血症(HUA)与2型糖尿病(T2DM)密切相关,HUA患者中T2DM发生率显著高于尿酸正常者,而T2DM患者相对于非糖尿病者更容易发展为HUA.HUA可能通过引起慢性炎性反应和胰岛素抵抗参与T2DM的发生、发展,而T2DM中HUA发生率高可能与氧化应激和高胰岛素血症有关.另外,HUA与糖尿病并发症之间也存在紧密联系.     

高尿酸血症与2型糖尿病并发症相关因素的研究

目的：研究2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者血尿酸相关因素,探讨高尿酸血症与2型糖尿病并发症的关系。方法：收集365例T2DM患者的临床资料,按血尿酸水平分为高尿酸组（102例）及正常尿酸组（263例）,比较两组一般临床资料及并发症发病情况,采用偏相关分析法分析高尿酸血症的相关危险因素。结果：尿酸与三酰甘油、血压等呈正相关（P〈0．05）;T2DM并高尿酸组的高血压、冠心病、脂代谢紊乱的发生率明显升高。结论：T2DM患者尿酸水平与多因素相关,提示高尿酸血症是T2DM并发症发病的危险因素之一。     

绝经后2型糖尿病患者骨质疏松影响因素及骨转换特点

目的 探讨绝经后2型糖尿病(T2DM)人群骨质疏松影响因素及骨转换特点及其防治策略.方法 150例绝经后T2DM住院患者测定骨密度(BMD)后分为骨量正常(NP)、骨量减低(DP)和骨质疏松(OP)组.登记年龄(Age),绝经年限(LOP),糖尿病病程(YSM),计算体重指数(BMI),测定空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2 h血糖(PPG),空腹胰岛素(FIns)、餐后2 h胰岛素(2 h Ins),血Ⅰ型胶原C端肽(CTX-Ⅰ)、抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶5b(TRACP5b)、骨特异性碱性磷酸酶(BALP)、雌激素(E2).结果 ①绝经后T2DM人群OP发病率54%;②绝经后T2DM并发OP患者与骨量减少和骨量正常组比较绝经年限、糖尿病病程及血糖水平明显增高,胰岛素和E2水平明显降低(P<0.05);③OP组患者与骨量减少和骨量正常组比较CTX-Ⅰ、TRACP5b、BALP等骨转换指标明显升高(P<0.05);④CTX-Ⅰ与腰椎2～4、股骨颈BMD呈明显负相关(P<0.05),与大转子、粗隆间BMD无明显相关性;TRACP5b、BALP与腰椎2～4、股骨颈、大转子、粗隆间BMD呈明显负相关(P<0.05).结论 LOP、血糖、YSM、FIns和E2水平可影响绝经后T2DM患者骨量;该人群骨重建特点为高转换型,骨吸收标记物TRACP5b可作为早期预测绝经后T2DM骨量减少及OP的敏感指标.     

Serum adiponectin level in osteoporotic postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a major health burden worldwide. Patients with type 2 DM has various complications, including impaired bone health. Adiponectin is novel adipocytokine that could influence bone metabolism.

Serum DHEA-S level is associated with the presence of atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus

We investigated the relationship between serum dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) to various parameters for atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes. The levels of DHEA-S and IGF-I are known to decrease with aging and thereby might be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. One hundred forty-eight men and 106 postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes were assessed in a cross-sectional study. Serum DHEA-S and IGF-I concentrations were measured and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and ultrasonographically-evaluated intima-media thickness (IMT) were assessed. Although simple regression analysis showed that log(DHEA-S) and IGF-I in men and log(DHEA-S) in women were significantly and inversely correlated with baPWV and IMT, only log(DHEA-S) in women was still significantly and inversely correlated with these atherosclerotic parameters after multiple regression analysis was adjusted for age, duration of diabetes, BMI, HbA(1C), systolic blood pressure, LDL-Cholesterol (C), serum creatinine, and smoking (Brinkman index). Serum DHEA-S level seemed to be associated with atherosclerosis in diabetic postmenopausal women independent of age, body stature, diabetic status, and other atherosclerotic risk factors, and might be a useful addition to other parameters for assessing the risk of atherosclerosis in this population.     

绝经后2型糖尿病妇女的下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴功能改变与腹型肥胖的关系

目的 探讨绝经后2型糖尿病、肥胖妇女下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺(HPA)轴的功能.方法 比较正常对照组(C组)、糖尿病非肥胖组(DM组)和糖尿病腹型肥胖组(DM+OB组)的一般临床特征、血尿皮质醇及促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)的浓度;通过0.25 mg地塞米松抑制试验和口服醋酸可的松试验,观察HPA轴功能的改变.结果 (1)基础状态下,C组、DM组和DM+OB组的血尿皮质醇和ACTH浓度没有差异,但地塞米松抑制试验示DM+OB组血皮质醇显著高于C组(P<0.01),提示糖皮质激素(GC)的负反馈作用受损.(2)口服醋酸可的松试验示肝可的松的转换率DM+OB组、DM组、C组依次降低,其中DM+OB组和C组差别具有统计学意义(P<0.05).(3)垂体前叶激素ACTH、LH、FSH和TSH水平DM+OB组、DM组、C组依次降低,其中DM+OB组LH和FSH水平较C组显著下降(P<0.01).结论 绝经后糖尿病肥胖患者皮质醇的负反馈调节机制受损,并伴有肝11β-羟类固醇脱氢酶1(11β-HSD-1)活性下降.     

Bone mass and bone resorption in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus

The aim of the present study was to examine the relationships between bone mass or bone resorption evaluated by urinary cross-linked N-telopeptides of type I collagen (NTx) concentration and known and potential contributors to bone mass or bone resorption such as sex hormones, age, duration of diabetes, glycemic control (hemoglobin A(1c) [HbA(1c)]), body mass index (BMI), severity of diabetic complications, smoking status, and current treatment of diabetes in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (n = 196). In addition, the relationship of bone mass to pulse wave velocity, which is an earlier indicator of cardiovascular disease, was investigated in a subgroup of patients (n = 120). Bone mass was evaluated by the quantitative ultrasound method. A higher stiffness index indicates higher bone mass. Inverse correlations were found between the stiffness index and age (r = -0.374, P < .0001) and between the stiffness index and log (urinary albumin excretion) (r = -0.170, P = .0398), and a positive correlation was found between the stiffness index and serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) concentration (r = 0.201, P = .0136). No significant correlations were found between the stiffness index and duration of diabetes, HbA(1c), BMI, or serum estradiol concentration. No significant correlations were found between urinary NTx concentration and age, duration of diabetes, HbA(1c), BMI, serum estradiol concentration, or serum DHEA-S concentration. The stiffness index correlated inversely with urinary NTx concentration (r = -0.262, P = .0002). No significant correlation was found between the stiffness index and pulse wave velocity (r = -0.165, P = .0714). Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that serum DHEA-S concentration was an independent determinant of the stiffness index (beta = .207, P = .0428). In conclusion, serum DHEA-S concentration correlated positively with bone mass, whereas glycemic control, BMI, or duration of diabetes did not correlate with bone mass or urinary NTx concentration in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus.     

Lovastatin effects on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus

The objective of this study was to examine the effects of lovastatin on bone mineral density (BMD) of postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). The study was an open-label clinical trial conducted from March 2002 to November 2003. Fifty-five postmenopausal women age 54–67 years with type 2 DM were allocated to lovastatin-treated and control (without lovastatin) groups based on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) >130 or ≤130 mg/dl. The first group received lovastatin (20 mg daily titrated every 3 months to keep LDL-C less than 130 mg/dl) for a total of 18 months. The second group received their own diabetic regimen without statin. The BMD of the lumbar spine (L₁-L₄), femoral neck, Wards triangle, trochanter and total hip was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at baseline and after 18 months. In the 28 women treated with lovastatin, the BMD increased in lumbar spine (from 0.946 (0.122) to 0.978 (0.135) g/cm², p<0.01) and Ward’s triangle (from 0.685 (0.123) to 0.780 (0.186) g/cm², p<0.01). In the 27 women not treated with statin, the changes in BMD at all bone sites were not statistically significant. BMD was higher in femoral neck (1.2% vs. −2.7%, p<0.05), Ward’s triangle (13.9% vs. 3.3%, p<0.05), trochanter (−0.1% vs. −2.9%, p<0.05), total hip (1.2% vs. −1.4%, p<0.05) and lumbar spine (3.4% vs. 1.2%, p>0.05) at the end of the study. Treatment with lovastatin may prevent bone loss in postmenopausal women with type 2 DM.     

Factors associated with anxiety in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Pakistan

The aim of this study was to assess the factors associated with anxiety in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (T2DM) by using Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A). A cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted after necessary ethical approval from Medicare Hospital Rawalpindi and Capital Development Authority Hospital Islamabad in accordance with Declaration of Helsinki. Three hundred thirty-eight patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were selected by non-stratified random sampling technique from August 2016 to February 2017. Majority of the T2DM patients (n?=?258, 66.5%) had mild anxiety, followed by mild to moderate anxiety (n?=?82, 21.1%). A significant association (p?<?0.01) was observed between anxiety and patients’ gender, education, and occupation; whereas, statistically insignificant association (p?>?0.05) was observed between HAM-A score and patients’ age, family history, and life style. Linear regression analysis revealed gender (OR?=???0.308, CI-0.57-0.299) as a significant predictor (p?<?0.01) for anxiety. Findings of this study demonstrate that large proportion of the diabetic patients is suffering with type of anxiety. A significant association of anxiety was identified with gender, education, and occupation of type 2 diabetes patients.     

绝经后2型糖尿病患者骨代谢变化

目的分析绝经后2型糖尿病患者骨密度、骨转换标志物及骨折变化,探讨糖尿病性骨代谢特点。方法纳入2016年4月至2017年12月于长治医学院附属和济医院内分泌科住院的绝经后2型糖尿病患者164例作为研究对象,选取同期体检的年龄相匹配的非糖尿病绝经后女性178名作为健康对照组。对所有对象行骨密度,骨转换标志物及常规生化指标检测,并进行详细问卷调查。结果糖尿病组各个部位骨密度均较健康对照组略升高,但差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。糖尿病组骨转换标志物Ⅰ型胶原羧基末端肽交联(β-cross-linked c-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen,CTX)较健康对照组升高[糖尿病组(0.49±0.26)μg/L vs.对照组(0.44±0.15)μg/L,P=0.047],骨钙素(osteocalcin,OC)及Ⅰ型原胶原氨基末端前肽(total procollagen type 1 N-propeptide,P1NP)较健康对照组降低[OC糖尿病组(15.50±5.50) vs.对照组(19.69±5.41)μg/L,P=0.000],P1NP [糖尿病组(44.63±19.64) vs.对照组(53.37±14.26)μg/L,P=0.000]。糖尿病组与健康对照组相比骨折发生例数明显增高(P=0.034)。结论绝经后2型糖尿病患者与健康对照相比,各个部位骨密度略升高,但骨形成下降,骨吸收增快,整体骨丢失加快,骨折发生率增高。推测糖尿病可能导致骨丢失加快,尤以皮质骨丢失明显,糖尿病性骨代谢特点仍需要大样本研究证实。     

Factors associated with relative muscle strength in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

ObjectivesSome patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) experience decreased mobility associated with lower relative muscle strength (normalized with muscle mass). This study aimed to identify factors predicting relative muscle strength of patients with T2DM assessed at regular clinical visits.MethodsA total of 144 T2DM patients underwent fasting blood drawing (determining white blood cell count [WBC], diabetic kidney disease [DKD], and glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c]) and the assessment of body composition, diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), activity level, and muscle strength (grip, knee extensor, and ankle plantar flexor strength). One-way ANOVA and multiple regression models were used to identify factors associated with the relative muscle strength.ResultsOur data showed that age, diabetes duration, fat percentage, WBC, DPN, and DKD were negatively associated with the relative muscle strength. Specifically, a greater WBC was associated with lower relative muscle strength of both distal and proximal muscle groups of extremities after the adjustment of other associated factors. DPN was associated with lower relative strength of the distal muscle groups of extremities.ConclusionsWBC may be used as a marker of inflammation, and greater count, even within the normal range, is negatively associated with the relative muscle strength in patients with T2DM.