咖啡因提取品与合成品的鉴别

目的 :建立鉴别区分咖啡因合成品与提取品的方法。方法 :提取两种咖啡因中的“有关物质” ,进行HPLC、TLC、荧光分光光度法、荧光检查及粉末X -射线衍射法的分析和比较。结果 :咖啡因提取品与合成品可通过提取咖啡因“有关物质”用HPLC、TLC、荧光分光光度法或直接荧光及粉末X -射线衍射法进行鉴别与区分。结论 :本文所用检测方法能准确无误地鉴别区分咖啡因合成品与提取品     

藕节炭的TLC鉴别和浸出物含量测定

目的:对藕节炭药材的鉴别方法及浸出物进行研究。方法:以3-表白桦脂酸、β-谷甾醇为对照,采用薄层色谱(TLC)法对藕节炭药材进行定性鉴别;采用65%乙醇为溶剂测其浸出物的含量。结果:TLC斑点明显;浸出物测定方法可行。结论:TLC法可以鉴别藕节炭药材;不同地区市售藕节炭65%乙醇浸出物含量差异较大。     

生脉饮质量标准研究

目的:修订生脉饮的质量标准.方法:用TLC法对五味子进行鉴别;对人参的TLC鉴别作了修改.用HPLC法测定五味子醇甲的含量.结果:用TLC色谱检出五味子;修改了人参的TLC鉴别方法.用HPLC法测定五味子醇甲的含量.五味子醇甲在0.23～1.92μg范围内呈良好的线性关系;r=0.9996,平均回收率98.1%,RSD=1.5%.结论:所建立的方法简便可行,重现性好,为生脉饮质量控制提供了参考.     

抗感颗粒中绵马贯众的鉴别和赤勺的含量测定

采用TLC法及HPLC法对抗感颗粒中的绵马贯众进行鉴别及对赤勺的主要成分芍药苷进行含量测定.TLC法中,以氯仿-丙酮-冰醋酸(16:4:0.3)作为展开剂;HPLC定量分析中,以Hypersil BDS C18为色谱柱,乙腈-水-磷酸(20:90:0.1)为流动相,检测波长为230nm,芍药苷在20.31～203.1μg·ml-1范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9999),其平均回收率为99.57%,RSD为0.96%.TLC法专属性较强,HPLC法分离效果好、准确可靠,可为抗感颗粒的质量控制提供科学依据.     

复方异黄酮胶囊中总异黄酮的质量控制

目的:对复方异黄酮胶囊中总异黄酮进行定性、定量质量控制.方法:采用薄层色谱法(TLC法)对本制剂的几种异黄酮成分进行鉴别、定性;采用紫外分光光度法对总异黄酮成分进行含量测定.结果:以氯仿-甲醇-水为展开剂,异黄酮在紫外光灯(365 nm)下显荧光斑点.含量测定在线性范围内,r=0.999 8,平均回收率为93.61%,RSD为1.64%.结论:该法定性、定量简便、快速、方便,结果满意.     

龙胆泻肝丸（大蜜丸）薄层色谱鉴别方法的建立

目的:对龙胆泻肝丸(大蜜丸)薄层色谱鉴别方法进行研究。方法:采用TLC法,样品用70%甲醇加热回流提取,依次用不同极性的试剂石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取。石油醚部分化合物,365 nm波长荧光检视,可以检出当归;1%香草醛硫酸显色,可以检出泽泻。乙酸乙酯部分化合物,365 nm波长荧光检视,可以检出黄芩。正丁醇部分化合物,展开剂为三氯甲烷-甲醇-水(30∶12∶3),可以同时检出柴胡和甘草;展开剂为丙酮:乙酸乙酯:水(6∶6∶1),可以检出龙胆苦苷、栀子苷和甘草苷。结果:薄层色谱斑点清晰,分离度好,专属性强,重复性好。结论:本方法可以准确地进行定性鉴别,能够用于龙胆泻肝丸(大蜜丸)的质量控制。     

安太胶囊的质量标准研究

目的　对安太胶囊的质量标准进行了研究。方法　用 TLC法对安太胶囊中的大豆异黄酮、肉桂、大黄进行了定性鉴别。用 HPLC法对制剂中的大黄素进行了含量测定。色谱柱 :Diamonsil TMC18柱 ( 4 .6mm× 2 5 0 mm,5 μm) ;流动相 :甲醇 - 1 g·L-1磷酸溶液 ( 97.5∶ 2 .5 ) ;柱温 :室温 ;流速 :1 .0 m L· min-1;检测波长 :440 nm。结果　平均加样回收率为97.95 % ,RSD 2 .5 7% ( n =5 ) ,TLC图谱斑点清晰 ,阴性对照无干扰。结论　方法简便 ,重现性好 ,可有效控制制剂的质量     

乳癖舒片的质量标准

目的:建立乳癖舒片的质量标准。方法:用TLC法对丹参、蒲公英、赤芍、延胡索进行鉴别;用高效液相色谱法测定制剂中芍药苷的含量。结果:TLC鉴别方法专属性强。芍药苷平均回收率为101.3%,RSD为0.9%。结论:本法简便、快速、准确,能够有效地控制乳癖舒片的质量。     

贵州产菝葜属及肖菝葜属的植物中白藜芦醇分析及镇痛作用的比较

目的:采用薄层色谱(TLC)法及高效液相色谱(HPLC)法分析贵州产菝葜属(SmilaxL.)、肖菝葜属(HeterosmilaxK.)8个品种中的活性成分——白藜芦醇,并通过对8个品种间镇痛试验的对比研究,对品种间进行药效与质量的评价。方法:TLC法用硅胶G板,以氯仿-丙酮-醋酸-水(4∶4∶0.5∶0.2)为展开剂定性分析。用HPLC法分析白藜芦醇,色谱条件:依利特Hypersil ODS2色谱柱(4.6mm×250mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-0.05%磷酸(24∶76);流速0.8mL.min-1;检测波长306nm,理论塔板数以白藜芦醇计不得低于4 000。用冰醋酸所致小鼠扭体影响进行镇痛试验。结果:在TLC鉴别中,8个品种均含有白藜芦醇;在选定的色谱条件下,白藜芦醇在0.006 2~0.200 4μg范围内与峰面积呈良好线性关系。加样回收率(n=9)为101.07%,RSD为1.13%。8个品种中白藜芦醇含量为0.006 0%~0.043 9%,其中以小叶菝葜含量最高。通过镇痛试验,显示8个品种均有明显镇痛作用,且在相同有效剂量下,8个品种间没有明显差异。结论:本法的TLC法重复性好,专属性强;含...     

降压益肾颗粒质量标准研究

目的:建立降压益肾颗粒的质量标准。方法:用TLC法对降压益肾颗粒中鬼针草、制首乌、山茱萸、玄参、川牛膝进行定性鉴别;用UV法测定制剂中总黄酮(芦丁)的含量。结果:TLC特征明显,阴性对照无干扰,专属性强;总黄酮(芦丁)在0.04～0.60mg·mL~(-1)浓度范围内与吸光度呈良好线性关系(r=0.9999);平均加样回收率为101.6%,RSD=2.41%。结论:所建标准可用于降压益肾颗粒的质量控制。     

Inhibition of serum deprivation-induced PC12 cell apoptosis by tanshinone II A.

AIM: To study the effect of tanshinone II A (Tan II A) on PC12 cell apoptosis induced by serum deprivation. METHODS: PC12 cell survival was measured by MTT assay. The DNA content and percentage of apoptosis were monitored by flow cytometry and DNA fragmentation was analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. RESULTS: Serum-free (12 h) medium induced apoptosis in PC12 cells. When the cells had been treated with Tan II A (0.1 and 1 micromol . L-1) for 12 h, the percentage of PC12 cell apoptosis was greatly decreased to 25.71 % and 4.89 % from 96.07 % in serum deprivation alone group, and DNA fragmentation was prevented. Tan II A (0.01 - 10 micromol . L-1) attenuated the cytotoxic effect of sodium cyanide (20 mmol . L-1), glutamate (0.5 mmol . L-1), and sodium nitroprusside (0.5 mmol . L-1). CONCLUSION: Tan II A prevented PC12 cells from apoptosis induced by serum-free medium.     

Histamine content and release of isolated rat gastric mucosal cells

Enzymatically dispersed rat gastric cells were subdivided (Percoll) in fractions (F1, F2, F3) with different number of parietal cells (PC) and the intracellular histamine content was estimated (ng/10(6) cells): F1 (9% PC): 17 +/- 4 (SEM), F2 (26% PC): 80 +/- 9 and F3 (77% PC): 134 +/- 15. Histidinedecarboxylase showed the same pattern of distribution, F1 low, F2 medium, F3 high activity. Incubated F3 cells constantly released histamine (19 +/- 3 ng/10(6) cells/h), a process which could be stimulated by carbachol, forskolin and hexoprenaline. The data suggest: rat gastric histaminocytes copurify with PC, background stimulation by histamine should be considered in isolated cell systems, vagal stimulation may release histamine within the gastric mucosa.     

Antihyperalgesic activity of the methanol extract and some constituents obtained from Polygala cyparissias (Polygalaceae)

Polygala cyparissias, used in folk medicine as an anaesthetic, has already demonstrated antinociceptive activity against acute pain. In this study, we investigated the antihyperalgesic activity of the P. cyparissias methanol extract (PCME) from which the following compounds were isolated: α-spinasterol (PC1), 1,3-dihydroxy-7-methoxyxanthone (PC2), 1,7-dihydroxy-2,3-methylenedioxyxanthone (PC3) and 1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxy-2,7-dimethoxyxanthone (PC4). The antihyperalgesic effect was evaluated using experimental models of persistent pain induced by carrageenan, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), Freund's Complete Adjuvant (CFA), PGE(2) or epinephrine. The partial ligation of the sciatic nerve (PLSN) model was also used. In inflammatory hyperalgesia induced by carrageenan, LPS, CFA or PGE(2), the inhibition values obtained with the PCME treatment were 68 ± 3%, 89 ± 5%, 43 ± 3% and 40 ± 4%, respectively. In epinephrine-induced hyperalgesia, the extract was effective, reducing 99 ± 11% of response frequency, while in PLSN, 54 ± 4% of inhibition was obtained. These results allow to suggest that the antihyperalgesic activity of PCME is, at least in part, related to its capability to inhibit the hypersensitization induced by pro-inflammatory mediators, such as LPS, carrageenan and CFA, without interfering with locomotor activity or motor performance. Furthermore, compounds PC1, PC3 and PC4 inhibited the carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia with inhibition of 42 ± 6%, 48 ± 5% and 64 ± 4%, respectively. In summary, our data demonstrate that PCME has relevant antihyperalgesic activity and that the isolated PC1, PC3 and PC4 seem to be responsible, at least in part, for this important effect.     

药用豆磷脂的HPLC法测定

本文报告了用HPLC法对药用豆磷脂进行定性定量分析。作者选用硅胶为固定相,以正己烷-异芮醇-醋酸盐缓冲液(pH5.8)(7.5:8:1)为流动相,紫外检测波长206nm,使得磷脂酰胆碱(PC),磷脂酰乙醇胺(PE),溶血磷脂酰胆碱(LPC),磷脂酰肌醇(PI)和磷脂酸(PA)获得满意分离,并对主成分PC进行了含量测定,平均回收率为99.8%,方法的变异系数为0.8%.     

莨菪亭对PC3细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

目的:研究莨菪亭对人前列腺癌细胞PC_3增殖的作用和莨菪亭是否能引起PC_3细胞的凋亡。方法:用细胞生长曲线,MTT试验和酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性来测定细胞增殖,考马斯亮蓝法测细胞内蛋白质的含量,光镜、透射电镜和荧光显微镜观察莨菪亭引起的形态学变化。用荧光显微镜和流式细胞仪确定凋亡率和细胞的周期分布。结果:莨菪亭对PC_3,PAA和Hela细胞的IC_(50)分别为(157±25),(154±51)和(294±100)mg/L,莨菪亭时间和浓度依赖性地抑制PC_3细胞的增殖,并引起细胞内蛋白质含量减少和ACP活性降低。经莨菪亭处理后,在光镜、透射电镜和荧光显微镜下可观察到莨菪亭引起的典型的凋亡形态学变化,流式细胞仪测定显示经莨菪亭0,100,200和400mg/L处理后PC_3细胞的凋亡率分别为0.3％,2.1％,9.3％和35％,G_2期细胞显著减少。结论:莨菪亭抑制PC_3细胞增殖且可引起PC_3细胞的凋亡。     

西安市药店药学服务的影响因素研究

目的:研究药师等对药店开展药学服务的影响因素的认知情况,探讨各影响因素的相互关系及其对药店药学服务的影响程度。方法:采用问卷调查法,应用结构方程模型,建立并验证西安市药店药学服务的影响因素的结构方程模型。结果:问卷调查回收率84.7%(133/157);所获数据能够较好地拟合结构方程理论模型;部分研究假设得到了验证。结论:行业发展对药店有直接的正向影响;药店对社会评价、在药店中推行基本药学服务、在药店中推行高级药学服务有直接的正向影响;药师状况对社会评价、在药店中推行中级药学服务有直接的正向影响。     

Ocular ciprofloxacin hydrochloride mucoadhesive chitosan-coated liposomes

The aim of this work is to improve the ocular bioavailability of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (CPX) through the preparation of ocular mucoadhesive chitosan (CS)-coated liposomes. Liposomes were prepared by the thin film hydration technique, using different molar ratios of L-α-phosphatidylcholine (PC), cholesterol (CH), stearylamine (SA) and dicetyl phosphate (DP). CS was used to coat the optimal liposomal formulae. The prepared formulae were characterized regarding encapsulation efficiency (%EE), particle size, physical morphology and in vitro drug release. The in vivo characterization of the prepared formulae was performed through evaluating the level of CPX in the external eye tissue of nine albino rabbits. Results showed an alteration in release rate and %EE of CPX from liposomal formulae upon varying the molar ratios of the lipid bilayer composition. The optimal liposomal formulae F1 (10:0, PC:CH), F12 (10:0:0.5, PC:CH:SA) and F15 (10:0:1, PC:CH:DP), showed % EE of 38.5?±?2.10, 39.65?±?1.85 and 30.05?±?0.75 and % in vitro release after 8 hours (Q_8h) of 78.15?±?2.4, 54.07?±?2.3 and 62.14?±?2.9, respectively. In vitro drug release and in vivo results confirmed that CS-coated liposomal formulae have exhibited a higher retention of CPX. Consequently, CS-coated liposomes could be a promising approach to increase the ocular bioavailability of CPX.     

丙泊酚对布比卡因诱导的PC12细胞毒性和硫氧还蛋白系统的影响

目的：探讨丙泊酚对布比卡因诱导的PC12细胞毒性的保护作用及内源性硫氧还蛋白（Trx）系统在其中的作用。方法：培养的PC12细胞分成四组，正常对照组、丙泊酚组、布比卡因组、丙泊酚＋布比卡因（PB）组，每组6孔。培养6h和24h后，用MTT比色微量分析细胞存活率，测定上清液乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）活性和细胞内硫氧还蛋白还原酶（TrxR）、活性氧（ROS）活性，RT-PCR检测Trx-1 mRNA和TrxR-1 mRNA表达。结果：与正常PC12细胞相比，布比卡因可显著降低细胞存活率（P〈0．01）和细胞内TrxR活性（P〈0．05），增加上清液中LDH活性和细胞内ROS活性（P〈0．05，P〈0．01），明显降低Trx mRAN和Trx mRAN表达（P〈0．05）；丙泊酚对正常PC12细胞无明显影响；与布比卡因组相比，PB组细胞存活率（P〈0．01）和细胞内Trx活性（P〈0．05）明显增加，上清液中LDH活性和细胞内ROS活性显著降低（P〈0．05，P〈0．01），Trx mRAN和Trx mRAN表达明显增加（P〈0．05）。结论：布比卡因对PC12细胞具有毒性作用可能与降低细胞内TrxR活性、增加ROS活性有关，丙泊酚通过保护细胞内Trx系统的活性及清除ROS来减轻布比卡因诱导的PC12细胞毒性。     

Kuguacin J,a triterpeniod from Momordica charantia leaf,modulates the progression of androgen-independent human prostate cancer cell line,PC3

In this study, we focused on the in vitro effects of Kuguacin J (KuJ), a purified component of bitter melon (Momordica charantia) leaf extract (BMLE), on the androgen-independent human prostate cancer cell line PC3 and the in vivo effect of dietary BMLE on prostate carcinogenesis using a PC3-xenograph model. KuJ exerted a strong growth-inhibitory effect on PC3 cells. Growth inhibition was mainly through G1-arrest: KuJ markedly decreased the levels of cyclins (D1 and E), cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdk2 and Cdk4) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Interestingly, KuJ also dramatically decreased the levels of survivin expressed by PC3 cells. In addition, KuJ exerted anti-invasive effects on PC3 cells, significantly inhibiting migration and invasion: KuJ inhibited secretion of the active forms of MMP-2, MMP-9 and uPA by PC3 cells. In addition, KuJ treatment significantly decreased the expression of membrane type 1-MMP (MT1-MMP) by PC3 cells. In vivo, 1% and 5% BMLE in the diet resulted in 63% and 57% inhibition of PC3 xenograft growth without adverse effect on host body weight. Our results suggest that KuJ is a promising new candidate chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agent for prostate cancer.     

Transbuccal permeation, anti-inflammatory activity and clinical efficacy of piroxicam formulated in different gels

In attempts to avoid the systemic side effects of piroxicam (PC) (e.g. gastrotoxicity), several buccal gel formulations containing PC were prepared and their effects on the characteristics of the drug permeation through rabbit buccal mucosa in-vitro were evaluated using a Franz-type diffusion cell. The general rank order of the total flux of 0.5% PC from gels was found to be: hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC, 2.5%) > hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC, 2.5%) >or= sodium alginate (Na alg., 7%) > methylcellulose (MC, 3%) > hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC, 1.5%) > carbopol 934 (Carb. 934, 1%) >or= sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC, 2%) > pluronic F-127 (PF-127, 20%) > polyvinyl alcohol (PVA, 10%). The effect of various penetration enhancers 1% sodium lauryl sulphate (NaLS), 3% sodium deoxycholate (NaDC), 3% sodium tauroglycocholate (NaTGC) on the rate of permeation across the excised buccal mucosa (of 0.5% PC in gels prepared using 3% MC, 2.5% HPMC or 7% Na alg. base) and histology of the buccal epithelium was also investigated. Pharmacodynamic evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity of PC in these gel formulations (containing 3% NaDC as an enhancer) was carried out using the kaolin-induced rat paw oedema method. The results obtained indicated that PC administered in 7% Na alg. or 2.5% HPMC gel bases was significantly more effective than the 3% MC gel and oral drug solution in suppressing oedema formation in rats. Comparative clinical studies were conducted in patients with post-operative dental pain and oedema following maxillofacial operations. The results revealed that 7% Na alg. and 2.5% HPMC gel formulations applied to the buccal mucosa were slightly better than or equally effective to the orally administered commercial product (Feldene Flash) tablet) in reducing pain level, swelling and tenderness within a period of 4 days. These findings suggest that PC (0.5%) administered in the buccal gel may present a potential therapeutical use as a strong anti-inflammatory and analgesic agent.