Hoehn-Yahr分级1级的帕金森病患者自主神经功能的研究

目的 探讨Hoehn-Yahr分级1级的帕金森病(PD)患者的自主神经功能状况.方法 对32例Hoehn-Yahr分级1级的PD患者进行交感神经皮肤反应(SSR)检测,以健侧为对照,比较患侧肢体SSR的波幅和潜伏期的变化.结果 与健侧[(2.36±0.15)mV,(0.60 ±0.07) mV;(1.48 ±0.10)ms,(1.97 ±0.08)ms]比较,患侧上肢及下肢SSR的波幅[(1.97 ±0.10)mY,(0.54 ±0.09) mV]显著降低,潜伏期[(1.57±0.13)ms,(2.07 ±0.25) ms]显著延长(P＜0.05～0.001).结论 Hoehn-Yahr分级1级的PD患者运动患侧有自主神经功能障碍.     

交感皮肤反应对帕金森病自主神经损害的诊断价值

目的探讨交感皮肤反应(SSR)对帕金森病(PD)患者自主神经损害的诊断价值。方法选择62例PD患者(PD组)和26例年龄、性别、身高相匹配的健康志愿者(健康对照组)进行上下肢SSR检测。将PD组根据有无自主神经症状分为有症状组和无症状组;根据Hoehn-Yahr分级将PD组分为早期PD组(1～2期)和中晚期PD组(3～5期)。结果①与健康对照组比较,PD无论有症状组还是无症状组SSR潜伏期延长和波幅下降(均P0.05);有症状组较无症状组潜伏期延长和波幅下降(均P0.05);②与健康对照组比较,不论中晚期PD组还是早期PD组SSR潜伏期延长和波幅下降(均P0.05),中晚期PD组较早期PD组潜伏期显著延长和波幅下降(均P0.05);③SSR上下肢潜伏期与Hoehn-YaHr分级呈显著性正相关(P0.01),SSR上下肢波幅与Hoehn-YaHr分级呈显著性负相关(P0.01)。结论①SSR是检测PD患者自主神经功能障碍的客观敏感手段,可发现亚临床自主神经损害,有助于早期诊断;②PD患者运动系统障碍越重,出现自主神经病变的程度越重。     

帕金森病患者自主神经功能障碍相关研究

目的 评估交感神经皮肤反应(sympathetic skin response,SSR)和PD自主神经症状量表(the scale for outcomes in PD for autonomic symptoms,SCOPA-AUT)对帕金森病(Parkinson disease,PD)患者自主神经功能损害的诊断价值及自主神经功能障碍影响因素.方法 应用SSR、SCOPA-AUT和统一帕金森病评分量表(unified Parkinson disease rating scale,UPDRS)对50例PD患者进行评估;应用SSR及SCOPA-AUT量表对33例对照组进行评估.结果 PD组四肢SSR的潜伏期及波幅与对照组相比差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01或0.05).SCOPA-AUT总分(23.54±12.48)、消化系统症状(8.00±3.77)及泌尿系统症状评分(6.28±3.51)均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).SCOPA.AUT总分与UPDRS评分、H&Y分级、Schwab和England日常生活得分显著相关,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01或0.05),与病程、年龄无明显的相关性(P>0.05).结论 PD患者自主神经功能障碍随着病情进展而加重,PD患者SCOPA-AUT评分与上、下肢SSR波幅呈负相关,SSR和SCOPA-AUT可作为评价PD患者自主神经功能障碍的客观量化临床指标.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of sympathetic skin response(SSR)and the scale for outcomes in PD for autonomic symptoms(SCOPA-AUT)in autonomic dysfunction and influencing factors of autonomic dysfunction in patients with parkinson's disease(PD).Methods SSR,SCOPA-AUT and unified Parkinson's disease rating scale(UPDRS)were used to evaluate 50 patients with PD.The results were taken from patients with PD and compared with those of 33 control subjects.Results It was significantly different to compare the SSR latency and amplitude of PD patients limbs with those of the normal controls.PD patients had more total SCOPA-AUT score(23.54 4±12.48)and domain scores in gastrointestinal(8.00 4±3.77)and urinary symptoms(6.28±3.51)compared to control subjects(P<0.01).There were significant correlations between the total score with UPDRS.Hoehn-Yabr scale or score of Schwab and England disability scale(P<0.01 or 0.05),and no correlation with duration or age(P>0.05).Conclusions Autonomic dysfunction of PD increased significantly with disease severity.There were significantly negative correlation between the total score of SCOPA-AUT with the limb SSR amplitude(P<0.05)in PD patients.SSR and SCOPA-AUT can act as an objective index to assess autonomic dysfunctions in patients with PD quantitatively.     

交感皮肤反应对糖尿病自主神经病变的诊断价值

目的探讨交感皮肤反应（sympathetic skin response,SSR）在糖尿病自主神经病变诊断中的价值。方法对186例糖尿病周围神经病（Diabetic peripheral neuropathy,DPN）患者和203例糖尿病非DPN患者进行SSR检测,同时对102例健康人进行SSR检测。结果SSR起始潜伏期异常率高于波幅异常率,下肢的异常率高于上肢异常率。DPN患者中,174例（93.5%）SSR异常,其中32例未引出SSR,142例起始潜伏期延长,109例波幅下降。203例DM非DPN患者中,46例（22.7%）SSR起始潜伏期延长和/或波幅下降,其中19例有出汗异常,4例在检查后数月出现出汗异常。结论SSR是早期诊断糖尿病自主神经病变的敏感手段,可发现亚临床神经病,并与病情进展相吻合。     

皮肤交感反应与2型糖尿病自主神经病变相关性研究

目的 探讨皮肤交感反应(sympathetic skin response,SSR)对2型糖尿病自主神经病变的诊断价值.方法 对111例2型糖尿病患者及30例健康体检者进行SSR及神经传导速度测定,检测糖化血红蛋白(hemoglobin A1c,HbAlc)等多项生化指标,同时分析与SSR异常有关的因素.结果 与对照组比较,病例组SSR潜伏期延长,波幅降低(P＜0.05).与病程＜5年组比较,5～10年组、病程≥10年组上肢SSR潜伏期延长(P＜0.05),而波幅变化无统计学差异(P＞0.05).各不同病程组间SSR异常率比较无统计学差异(P＞0.05).周围神经病变组SSR异常率高于无周围神经病变组(P＜0.05),自主神经症状的有无对SSR异常率无影响(P＞0.05).Logistic回归分析结果显示,HbAlc是2型糖尿病患者SSR异常的相关因素.结论 SSR可早期发现糖尿病患者自主神经功能损害,HbAlc是2型糖尿病患者SSR异常的相关因素.     

卒中后抑郁患者的认知功能、自主神经功能及血浆单胺类神经递质水平的相关性

目的探讨卒中后抑郁(PSD)患者认知功能、自主神经功能与血浆单胺类神经递质水平的相关性。方法对33例PSD患者(PSD组)和33名健康对照者(正常对照组)进行事件相关电位(ERP)、交感神经皮肤反应(SSR)和血浆单胺类神经递质水平的测定;对检测结果进行Pearson多元相关分析。结果与正常对照组比较,PSD组ERP(P300、N400、CNV及MMN)、SSR各波潜伏期明显延长(均P<0.01),波幅明显下降(均P<0.01);血浆单胺类神经递质水平明显降低(均P<0.01)。PSD组各项指标间均具有相关性(P<0.05～0.01)。结论PSD患者血浆单胺类神经递质水平降低与其认知功能及自主神经功能障碍相关。     

交感神经皮肤反应诊断慢性乙醇中毒自主神经病变

目的 :早期发现慢性乙醇 (酒精 )中毒者自主神经病变。方法 :对 48例慢性乙醇中毒患者进行交感神经皮肤反应 (SSR)的检测 ,并与 50例正常人进行对比分析。结果 :慢性乙醇中毒组SSR潜伏期显著延长 (P <0 0 1 ) ,下肢波幅明显减低 (P <0 0 5) ,患者的饮酒年限、饮酒量与SSR呈正相关。结论 :交感神经皮肤反应可作为评价乙醇中毒自主神经功能障碍的客观电生理指标     

痛风患者自主神经功能障碍及交感皮肤反应特征分析

目的分析痛风患者自主神经功能障碍临床特点及交感皮肤反应特征。方法共纳入25例2017年3月至2018年1月确诊的痛风患者,其中合并痛风石者10例、有自主神经功能障碍症状(有症状)者8例,肌电图进行交感皮肤反应检测。结果痛风组患者表现为以汗腺功能异常为主的自主神经功能紊乱症状。与正常对照组相比,痛风组患者下肢潜伏期延长(Z=-2.136,P=0.033)、波幅降低(Z=-2.959,P=0.003)。有症状组患者下肢波幅分别低于正常对照组(Z=-3.426,P=0.001)和无症状组(Z=-3.308,P=0.001);痛风石组患者下肢波幅低于正常对照组(Z=-3.176,P=0.001)和无痛风石组(Z=-2.301,P=0.021),而无痛风石组下肢潜伏期延长(Z=-2.518,P=0.120)、波幅降低(Z=-2.327,P=0.020)。结论痛风患者自主神经功能存在异常,以下肢损伤为主,尤其合并痛风石或有自主神经功能障碍症状者更为明显,交感皮肤反应可以客观评价自主神经功能状态。     

以躯体症状为主的抑郁症患者的交感神经皮肤反应研究

目的　探讨以躯体症状为主的抑郁症患者的自主神经功能,以寻求此类患者的临床诊断依据。方法　对40例以躯体症状为主的抑郁症患者及3 7例不伴躯体症状的抑郁症患者和3 8名健康人分别进行了交感神经皮肤反应(SSR)测定。结果　以躯体症状为主的抑郁症组SSR测定异常率为75% ,不伴躯体症状的抑郁症患者SSR测定异常率为49% ,两病例组SSR波潜伏期延长明显,波幅降低,与对照组相比存在显著性差异(P <0 . 0 1 )。而以躯体症状为主的抑郁症组与不伴躯体症状的抑郁症组SSR波潜伏期和波幅比较也存在显著性差异(P <0 . 0 1 )。结论　以躯体症状为主的抑郁症患者自主神经功能存在较严重的损害,SSR可判断以躯体症状为主的抑郁症患者的自主神经功能状况,为识别抑郁症提供了较为有效的手段。     

抑郁症患者的交感神经皮肤反应探讨

目的探讨交感神经皮肤反应(SSR)对抑郁症患者的临床价值。方法对45例抑郁症患者治疗前后和43例正常健康者分别进行SSR测定和汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评定,并加以比较。结果抑郁症组治疗前SSR测定的异常率为84.4%(38/45),而治疗后异常率为13.3%(6/45)。治疗前SSR测定波潜伏期及波幅值较治疗后及对照组分别延长和降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);治疗后抑郁症组HAMD评定分值较治疗前降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。相关分析结果表明,抑郁症患者SSR波潜伏期与HAMD分值呈显著正相关(P<0.01),其波幅与HAMD分值呈显著负相关(P<0.01)。结论交感神经皮肤反应测定可作为判定抑郁症患者自主神经功能的参考指标应用于临床。     

Sympathetic skin response and heart rate variability in patients with Huntington disease.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the autonomic nervous system functions in patients with Huntington disease. BACKGROUND: Although patients with Huntington disease frequently experience vegetative symptoms, it is not clear if there is dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system. METHODS: Sympathetic skin response (SSR) latency and amplitude from both palms and soles and R-R (heart rate) interval variation (RRIV) at rest and during the Valsalva maneuver were examined in 22 patients and 21 age-matched controls. Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale scores were determined in all the patients. RESULTS: Our data are reported as means +/- SEMs. The SSR latencies in patients (mean palm latency, 1835.8+/-110.7 milliseconds; mean sole latency, 2625.3+/-226.9 milliseconds) were prolonged compared with controls (mean palm latency, 1359.5+/-28 milliseconds [P<.01]); mean sole latency, 2038.1+/-44.9 milliseconds [P<.01]) and amplitudes in patients (mean amplitude, 1063.1+/-237.7 microV) were smaller compared with controls (mean amplitude, 1846.3+/-251.2 microV [P<.05]). The RRIV in patients both at rest (mean RRIV in patients, 3.7%+/-0.4% vs. controls, 9.7%+/-0.6% [P<.01]) and during the Valsalva maneuver (mean RRIV in patients, 6.3%+/-1.6% vs. controls, 14.5%+/-1.2% [P<.01]) was lower compared with controls. Furthermore, the prolonged SSR latencies, smaller amplitudes, and lower RRIV in patients compared with controls closely correlated with the various components of the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale scores (total behavior score and SSR latency, R = 0.6 [P<.01]; total behavior score and SSR amplitude, R = -0.5 [P<.05]; total behavior score and RRIV, R = -0.4 [P<.05]; verbal fluency and SSR latency, R = -0.5 [P<.05]; verbal fluency and SSR amplitude, R = 0.5 [P<.05], verbal fluency and RRIV, R = 0.5 [P<.05]; total functional capacity and SSR latency, R = -0.6 [P<.01]; total functional capacity and SSR amplitude, R = 0.5 [P<.05]). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that there is autonomic nervous system dysfunction in patients with Huntington disease.     

R-R interval variation and the sympathetic skin response in the assessment of the autonomic nervous system in leprosy patients

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate possible autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction in leprosy patients with the sympathetic skin response (SSR) and the heart rate (R-R) interval variation (RRIV) measurements which are easy and reliable methods for evaluation of autonomic functions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We studied 37 lepromatous leprosy patients (mean age: 38 +/- 17 years, range 23-62 years, 20 females and 17 males) and 35 age-matched healthy subjects (mean age: 34.19 +/- 12.74 years, range 24-48 years, 20 females and 15 males). Non-invasive bedside tests (orthostatic test, Valsalva ratio), R-R interval variation (RRIV) during at rest and deep breathing, the SSR latency and amplitude from both palms, and nerve conduction parameters were studied in all the subjects. RESULTS: The mean values of RRIV in leprosy patients during at rest [mean RRIV in patients, 17.42 +/- 8.64% vs controls, 22.71 +/- 3.77% (P < 0.05)] and during deep breathing [mean RRIV in patients, 21.64 +/- 9.08% vs controls, 30.70 +/- 5.99% (P < 0.005)] was significantly lower compared with the controls. The mean latency of SSR in leprosy patients [mean SSR latency in patients, 1.72 +/- 1.13 ms vs controls, 1.30 +/- 0.41 ms (P < 0.05)] was significantly prolonged compared with the controls. The mean amplitude of SSR in leprosy patients [mean SSR amplitude in patients, 0.54 +/- 0.57 microV vs controls, 1.02 +/- 0.56 microV (P > 0.05)] was smaller compared with the controls, but this difference was not significant. The mean Valsalva ratio in leprosy patients [mean in patients, 1.11 +/- 0.13 vs controls, 1.16 +/- 0.07 (P > 0.05)] was smaller compared with the controls, but not statistically significant. The mean difference of systolic and diastolic blood pressure between supine rest and during standing in leprosy patients were higher compared with the controls [mean systolic pressure in patients, 7 +/- 6 mmHg vs controls, 6 +/- 8 mmHg (P > 0.05) and mean diastolic pressure in patients, 3 +/- 3 mmHg vs controls, 3 +/- 2 mmHg (P > 0.05)], but they did not reach statistical significance. Furthermore, lower RRIV and the prolonged SSR latencies in leprosy patients were closely correlated to some parameters of sensorimotor nerve conduction and each other [median nerve distal latency and RRIV, r = -0.67 (P < 0.05), ulnar nerve distal latency and RRIV, r = -0.59 (P < 0.05), RRIV and SSR latency, r = -0.33 (P < 0.02)]. These data indicate that leprosy patients have the functional abnormalities of ANS. CONCLUSION: We conclude that combined use of these two tests, both of which can be easily and rapidly performed in the electromyogram (EMG) laboratory using standard equipment, allows separate testing of parasympathetic and sympathetic function, and are very sensitive methods in assessing of ANS function in peripheral neuropathy in leprosy patients.     

帕金森病与多系统萎缩患者交感神经皮肤反应电位的比较研究

目的探讨帕金森病和多系统萎缩患者交感神经皮肤反应电位所显示的自主神经功能障碍的差异性,以为二者鉴别诊断提供临床依据。方法采用MEB-9200K型肌电诱发电位仪分别对受试者进行交感神经皮肤反应电位检测,以波形潜伏期〉x＋2．50）s、波幅低于均值的50％或未引出波形作为异常标准,分析帕金森病与多系统萎缩患者交感神经皮肤反应电位异常特征和病程等之间的相关性。结果与正常对照组受试者相比,帕金森病组和多系统萎缩组患者交感神经皮肤反应电位检测显示四肢潜伏期延长、波幅降低（P〈0．05）,但帕金森病组与多系统萎缩组之间差异无统计学意义（均P〉0．05）;其中多系统萎缩组交感神经皮肤反应电位总异常率（P=0．018）和双侧异常率（P=0．035）均高于帕金森病组。帕金森病组病程≤3年者交感神经皮肤反应电位异常率与病程〉3年者比较,差异具有统计学意义（P=0．033）;多系统萎缩组病程≤3年患者交感神经皮肤反应电位异常率与病程〉3年者比较,差异无统计学意义（P=0．285）。结论多系统萎缩患者交感神经皮肤反应电位异常出现早,且多呈双侧改变,表明其自主神经功能障碍更严重、更广泛。     

Sympathetic skin response and RR interval variation in manganism and a comparison with Parkinson's disease

Autonomic dysfunction in five patients with manganism was investigated by sympathetic skin response (SSR) and RR interval variation (RRIV). A comparison was made with 10 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and 10 normal controls. The subjects were agematched and in PD disease stage-matched. Autonomic symptoms were more common in PD than in manganism. In SSR, the latency was prolonged in PD and manganism, while the amplitude was reduced only in PD. The RRIV was decreased in PD and manganism, but the reduction in RRIV was more severe in PD than in manganism. The present data indicate that autonomic disturbance may occur in manganism, but is less frequent and less severe when compared with PD.     

Sympathetic skin response in monomelic amyotrophy

OBJECTIVES: Monomelic amyotrophy (MMA) a variant of motor neuron disease, has the characteristic features of wasting and weakness usually confined to a single upper or lower limb occurring predominantly in young males and a benign outcome. Symptoms of increased sweating, coldness and cyanosis have been observed in a few patients. The objective was to evaluate the involvement of the sympathetic nervous system in MMA by measuring sympathetic skin response. METHODS: Electromyography, motor and sensory nerve conduction studies were done in all the four limbs of 9 patients with atrophy of one upper limb. Stimulation at Erb's point, and above and below elbow was done to look for evidence of conduction block. The sympathetic skin response (SSR) was recorded in all the limbs of these patients. Wasting and weakness of right upper limb in 7 patients and left upper limb in 2 patients was seen. The mean age was 28.3+/-10.1 years. Twenty-five age matched (24.8+/-4.8 years) healthy subjects served as controls. RESULTS: The mean SSR latency in the affected upper limbs of 9 patients was prolonged compared to the 25 control subjects (1.51+/-0.07 s vs 1.42+/-0.19 s, P=0.03). The mean value of SSR latency in 18 upper limbs of the 9 patients which included atrophied and unatrophied limbs was also prolonged compared to the controls (1.50+/-0.08 s vs 1.42+/-0.19 s, P=0.05). There was no significant difference of the mean latency of SSR between the atrophied upper limbs and the clinically normal upper limbs (1.51+/-0.07 s vs 1.49+/-0.09 s, P=0.51). The mean SSR latency in the lower limbs of the patients (2.09+/-0.09 s) did not significantly differ from the control subjects (1.97+/-0.28 s, P=0.09). Motor and sensory nerve conduction was normal and there was no evidence of conduction block. CONCLUSION: In MMA the sympathetic nervous system is involved in the atrophic upper limb and also in the clinically unaffected upper limb but not in the lower limbs.     

Evaluation of sympathetic skin response in Parkinson's disease

There is no clear definition on the role of sympathetic skin response (SSR) in the evaluation of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). We recorded the SSR of the palms of 64 controls and 46 patients with PD to electrical stimulation of the median nerve at the wrist. We analyzed onset latency and peak-to-peak amplitude. A study of parasympathetic function (R–R interval analysis) was also undertaken. We found that patients with PD had more absent SSRs than controls. The mean amplitude of the SSR was significantly reduced in both lower and upper limbs of PD patients in comparison with control subjects (p<0.001). The onset latency was longer in the lower limbs of these patients in respect to the control group (p<0.003). There was a significant inverse correlation between SSR amplitudes and age, severity and late onset of the disease. There was no association of these parameters with dysautonomic symptoms or R–R interval variation. In conclusion, there is a significant association between altered SSR and PD and an inverse correlation in this group of patients between SSR values and older age, greater severity and later onset of disease. Therefore, the study of SSR may provide valuable information on cholinergic sympathetic function in patients with PD.     

Are electrophysiological autonomic tests useful in the assessment of dysautonomia in Parkinson's disease?

To assess the autonomic system in Parkinson's disease (PD), the sympathetic skin response (SSR) and the R-R interval variation (RRIV) tests were studied in 26 PD patients and in 24 healthy controls. The aim of the study was to evaluate the sympathetic and parasympathetic system function in PD, to define the pattern of autonomic abnormalities found in SSR and RRIV in parkinsonian patients as well as to analyze the usefulness of both tests in paraclinical assessment of the dysautonomia, compared with clinical symptoms and signs of the autonomic nervous system involvement. The corrrelations between both autonomic tests results were also studied. In PD patients SSR test was abnormal in about 35% and RRIV was abnormal in about 54% of patients. SSR and RRIV were both abnormal in about 27% of PD patients whereas at least one of electrophysiological autonomic tests was abnormal in about 62% of PD patients. Clinical and paraclinical signs of dysautonomia occurred in a similar proportion of patients (i.e. in about 62%). A weak correlation was found between the latency of SSR from upper limbs and the value of RRIV during deep breathing (p=0.063). Our results show that SSR and RRIV are non-invasive paraclinical electrophysiological tests that confirm clinical dysautonomia in PD and can supplement the clinical differentiation of Parkinsonian syndromes.