肝癌经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞后PET/CT显像的临床价值

目的 探讨18F-脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)PET/CT检查评估肝细胞肝癌(HCC)经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)治疗后肿瘤活性及对转移灶的检出能力.方法 22例HCC患者TACE后进行18F-FDG PET/CT检查,以临床随访及部分病理结果为标准进行对照分析.结果 22例患者中,18例复发或转移,其余4例全身未见明显FDG代谢异常增高灶.16例患者肝内有1个或多个18F-FDG放射性增高灶,其中5例碘油沉积区和非碘油沉积区均有FDG浓聚灶,13例并发肝外转移病灶;2例肝内FDG显像阴性但腹膜后淋巴结放射性浓聚.转移灶分布:肺和淋巴结转移各9例,骨转移2例,门静脉瘤栓和膈脚转移各1例.经随访证实2例肝内18F-FDG显像为假阴性,18F-FDG PET/CT检查对肝内肿瘤复发或转移灶的探测灵敏度为88.9%(16/18),特异性为4/4,准确性为90.9%(20/22);全身显像对肿瘤复发或转移检测的灵敏度为94.7%(18/19),特异性为3/3,准确性为95.5%(21/22).结论 18F-FDG PET/CT显像对HCC介入治疗后的残留或复发灶探测有较高的灵敏度,对肝外转移病灶的检出具有独特的优势.     

肝癌经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞后PET/CT显像的临床价值

目的 探讨18F-脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)PET/CT检查评估肝细胞肝癌(HCC)经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)治疗后肿瘤活性及对转移灶的检出能力.方法 22例HCC患者TACE后进行18F-FDG PET/CT检查,以临床随访及部分病理结果为标准进行对照分析.结果 22例患者中,18例复发或转移,其余4例全身未见明显FDG代谢异常增高灶.16例患者肝内有1个或多个18F-FDG放射性增高灶,其中5例碘油沉积区和非碘油沉积区均有FDG浓聚灶,13例并发肝外转移病灶;2例肝内FDG显像阴性但腹膜后淋巴结放射性浓聚.转移灶分布:肺和淋巴结转移各9例,骨转移2例,门静脉瘤栓和膈脚转移各1例.经随访证实2例肝内18F-FDG显像为假阴性,18F-FDG PET/CT检查对肝内肿瘤复发或转移灶的探测灵敏度为88.9%(16/18),特异性为4/4,准确性为90.9%(20/22);全身显像对肿瘤复发或转移检测的灵敏度为94.7%(18/19),特异性为3/3,准确性为95.5%(21/22).结论 18F-FDG PET/CT显像对HCC介入治疗后的残留或复发灶探测有较高的灵敏度,对肝外转移病灶的检出具有独特的优势.     

肝癌经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞后PET/CT显像的临床价值

目的 探讨18F-脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)PET/CT检查评估肝细胞肝癌(HCC)经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)治疗后肿瘤活性及对转移灶的检出能力.方法 22例HCC患者TACE后进行18F-FDG PET/CT检查,以临床随访及部分病理结果为标准进行对照分析.结果 22例患者中,18例复发或转移,其余4例全身未见明显FDG代谢异常增高灶.16例患者肝内有1个或多个18F-FDG放射性增高灶,其中5例碘油沉积区和非碘油沉积区均有FDG浓聚灶,13例并发肝外转移病灶;2例肝内FDG显像阴性但腹膜后淋巴结放射性浓聚.转移灶分布:肺和淋巴结转移各9例,骨转移2例,门静脉瘤栓和膈脚转移各1例.经随访证实2例肝内18F-FDG显像为假阴性,18F-FDG PET/CT检查对肝内肿瘤复发或转移灶的探测灵敏度为88.9%(16/18),特异性为4/4,准确性为90.9%(20/22);全身显像对肿瘤复发或转移检测的灵敏度为94.7%(18/19),特异性为3/3,准确性为95.5%(21/22).结论 18F-FDG PET/CT显像对HCC介入治疗后的残留或复发灶探测有较高的灵敏度,对肝外转移病灶的检出具有独特的优势.     

肝癌经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞后PET/CT显像的临床价值

目的 探讨18F-脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)PET/CT检查评估肝细胞肝癌(HCC)经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)治疗后肿瘤活性及对转移灶的检出能力.方法 22例HCC患者TACE后进行18F-FDG PET/CT检查,以临床随访及部分病理结果为标准进行对照分析.结果 22例患者中,18例复发或转移,其余4例全身未见明显FDG代谢异常增高灶.16例患者肝内有1个或多个18F-FDG放射性增高灶,其中5例碘油沉积区和非碘油沉积区均有FDG浓聚灶,13例并发肝外转移病灶;2例肝内FDG显像阴性但腹膜后淋巴结放射性浓聚.转移灶分布:肺和淋巴结转移各9例,骨转移2例,门静脉瘤栓和膈脚转移各1例.经随访证实2例肝内18F-FDG显像为假阴性,18F-FDG PET/CT检查对肝内肿瘤复发或转移灶的探测灵敏度为88.9%(16/18),特异性为4/4,准确性为90.9%(20/22);全身显像对肿瘤复发或转移检测的灵敏度为94.7%(18/19),特异性为3/3,准确性为95.5%(21/22).结论 18F-FDG PET/CT显像对HCC介入治疗后的残留或复发灶探测有较高的灵敏度,对肝外转移病灶的检出具有独特的优势.     

肝癌经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞后PET/CT显像的临床价值

目的 探讨18F-脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)PET/CT检查评估肝细胞肝癌(HCC)经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)治疗后肿瘤活性及对转移灶的检出能力.方法 22例HCC患者TACE后进行18F-FDG PET/CT检查,以临床随访及部分病理结果为标准进行对照分析.结果 22例患者中,18例复发或转移,其余4例全身未见明显FDG代谢异常增高灶.16例患者肝内有1个或多个18F-FDG放射性增高灶,其中5例碘油沉积区和非碘油沉积区均有FDG浓聚灶,13例并发肝外转移病灶;2例肝内FDG显像阴性但腹膜后淋巴结放射性浓聚.转移灶分布:肺和淋巴结转移各9例,骨转移2例,门静脉瘤栓和膈脚转移各1例.经随访证实2例肝内18F-FDG显像为假阴性,18F-FDG PET/CT检查对肝内肿瘤复发或转移灶的探测灵敏度为88.9%(16/18),特异性为4/4,准确性为90.9%(20/22);全身显像对肿瘤复发或转移检测的灵敏度为94.7%(18/19),特异性为3/3,准确性为95.5%(21/22).结论 18F-FDG PET/CT显像对HCC介入治疗后的残留或复发灶探测有较高的灵敏度,对肝外转移病灶的检出具有独特的优势.     

肝癌经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞后PET／CT显像的临床价值

目的探讨^18F-脱氧葡萄糖（FDG）PET／CT检查评估肝细胞肝癌（HCC）经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）治疗后肿瘤活性及对转移灶的检出能力。方法22例HCC患者TACE后进行^18F-FDGPET／CT检查,以临床随访及部分病理结果为标准进行对照分析。结果22例患者中,18例复发或转移,其余4例全身未见明显FDG代谢异常增高灶。16例患者肝内有1个或多个^18F-FDG放射陛增高灶,其中5例碘油沉积区和非碘油沉积区均有FDG浓聚灶,13例并发肝外转移病灶;2例肝内FDG显像阴性但腹膜后淋巴结放射性浓聚。转移灶分布：肺和淋巴结转移各9例,骨转移2例,门静脉瘤栓和膈脚转移各1例。经随访证实2例肝内^18F-FDG显像为假阴性,^18F-FDGPET／CT检查对肝内肿瘤复发或转移灶的探测灵敏度为88．9％（16／18）,特异性为4／4,准确性为90．9％（20／22）;全身显像对肿瘤复发或转移检测的灵敏度为94．7％（18／19）,特异性为3／3,准确性为95．5％（21／22）。结论^18F-FDGPET／CT显像对HCC介入治疗后的残留或复发灶探测有较高的灵敏度,对肝外转移病灶的检出具有独特的优势。     

肝癌经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞后PET/CT显像的临床价值

目的 探讨18F-脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)PET/CT检查评估肝细胞肝癌(HCC)经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)治疗后肿瘤活性及对转移灶的检出能力.方法 22例HCC患者TACE后进行18F-FDG PET/CT检查,以临床随访及部分病理结果为标准进行对照分析.结果 22例患者中,18例复发或转移,其余4例全身未见明显FDG代谢异常增高灶.16例患者肝内有1个或多个18F-FDG放射性增高灶,其中5例碘油沉积区和非碘油沉积区均有FDG浓聚灶,13例并发肝外转移病灶;2例肝内FDG显像阴性但腹膜后淋巴结放射性浓聚.转移灶分布:肺和淋巴结转移各9例,骨转移2例,门静脉瘤栓和膈脚转移各1例.经随访证实2例肝内18F-FDG显像为假阴性,18F-FDG PET/CT检查对肝内肿瘤复发或转移灶的探测灵敏度为88.9%(16/18),特异性为4/4,准确性为90.9%(20/22);全身显像对肿瘤复发或转移检测的灵敏度为94.7%(18/19),特异性为3/3,准确性为95.5%(21/22).结论 18F-FDG PET/CT显像对HCC介入治疗后的残留或复发灶探测有较高的灵敏度,对肝外转移病灶的检出具有独特的优势.     

肝癌经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞后PET/CT显像的临床价值

目的 探讨18F-脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)PET/CT检查评估肝细胞肝癌(HCC)经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)治疗后肿瘤活性及对转移灶的检出能力.方法 22例HCC患者TACE后进行18F-FDG PET/CT检查,以临床随访及部分病理结果为标准进行对照分析.结果 22例患者中,18例复发或转移,其余4例全身未见明显FDG代谢异常增高灶.16例患者肝内有1个或多个18F-FDG放射性增高灶,其中5例碘油沉积区和非碘油沉积区均有FDG浓聚灶,13例并发肝外转移病灶;2例肝内FDG显像阴性但腹膜后淋巴结放射性浓聚.转移灶分布:肺和淋巴结转移各9例,骨转移2例,门静脉瘤栓和膈脚转移各1例.经随访证实2例肝内18F-FDG显像为假阴性,18F-FDG PET/CT检查对肝内肿瘤复发或转移灶的探测灵敏度为88.9%(16/18),特异性为4/4,准确性为90.9%(20/22);全身显像对肿瘤复发或转移检测的灵敏度为94.7%(18/19),特异性为3/3,准确性为95.5%(21/22).结论 18F-FDG PET/CT显像对HCC介入治疗后的残留或复发灶探测有较高的灵敏度,对肝外转移病灶的检出具有独特的优势.     

肝癌经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞后PET/CT显像的临床价值

目的 探讨18F-脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)PET/CT检查评估肝细胞肝癌(HCC)经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)治疗后肿瘤活性及对转移灶的检出能力.方法 22例HCC患者TACE后进行18F-FDG PET/CT检查,以临床随访及部分病理结果为标准进行对照分析.结果 22例患者中,18例复发或转移,其余4例全身未见明显FDG代谢异常增高灶.16例患者肝内有1个或多个18F-FDG放射性增高灶,其中5例碘油沉积区和非碘油沉积区均有FDG浓聚灶,13例并发肝外转移病灶;2例肝内FDG显像阴性但腹膜后淋巴结放射性浓聚.转移灶分布:肺和淋巴结转移各9例,骨转移2例,门静脉瘤栓和膈脚转移各1例.经随访证实2例肝内18F-FDG显像为假阴性,18F-FDG PET/CT检查对肝内肿瘤复发或转移灶的探测灵敏度为88.9%(16/18),特异性为4/4,准确性为90.9%(20/22);全身显像对肿瘤复发或转移检测的灵敏度为94.7%(18/19),特异性为3/3,准确性为95.5%(21/22).结论 18F-FDG PET/CT显像对HCC介入治疗后的残留或复发灶探测有较高的灵敏度,对肝外转移病灶的检出具有独特的优势.     

Differential diagnosis between 18F-FDG-avid metastatic lymph nodes in non-small cell lung cancer and benign nodes on dual-time point PET/CT scan

Objective  To clarify the difference of ¹⁸F-FDG uptake kinetics between FDG-avid metastatic lymph nodes (LNs) in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and FDG-avid benign LNs associated with various etiologies on dual-time point PET/CT scan, and to determine the optimal parameter for differentiation. Methods  The subjects were 134 FDG-avid metastatic LNs in 67 patients with NSCLC and 62 FDG-avid benign LNs in 61 patients with various lung disorders including NSCLC. PET/CT scan was performed at 2 time points (at 60 min and at 120 min) after intravenous injection of 4.4 MBq/kg ¹⁸F-FDG. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) on early and delayed scans and the percent change of SUVmax (%ΔSUVmax) were measured at each FDG-avid LN. The optimal parameter for differentiation was determined by the receiver-operating characteristic analysis. Results  Delayed SUVmax was increased compared with early SUVmax in 114 (85.0%) FDG-avid metastatic LNs and 42 (67.7%) FDG-avid benign LNs, with significant higher delayed SUVmax than early values (7.0 ± 5.0 vs. 5.9 ± 3.4; P < 0.0001, and 3.0 ± 1.3 vs. 2.8 ± 1.0; P < 0.05, respectively). Early and delayed SUVmax and %ΔSUVmax in metastatic LNs were significantly higher than those in benign LNs (P < 0.0001). The optimal parameter for the differentiation was the combined use of early SUVmax > 3.0 or delayed SUVmax > 4.0, yielding sensitivity of 88.8%, specificity of 80.6%, accuracy of 86.2%, negative predictive value of 76.9%, and positive predictive value of 90.6%. It provided better results than the use of early SUVmax > 3.0 alone (P = 0.019) or the optimal parameter for %ΔSUVmax (>5%) (P = 0.012). However, 12 (19.3%) benign LNs were indistinguishable from metastatic LNs. Conclusions  Although dual-time point PET/CT scan enhances the difference of FDG uptake between FDG-avid metastatic and benign LNs and improves the differentiation when compared with a single scan, biopsy procedure may be still required for accurate assessment of LN status in patients with NSCLC and possible etiologies showing intensive FDG uptake in benign LNs.     

Dual-time point 18F-FDG PET/CT scan for differentiation between 18F-FDG-avid non-small cell lung cancer and benign lesions

Objective  The aim of this study is to clarify the difference of F-18 FDG uptake kinetics between FDG-avid non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and benign lesions associated with various etiologies on dual-time point PET/CT scan, and to determine the optimal parameter for differentiation. Materials and methods  The materials were 76 FDG-avid solitary NSCLC in 76 patients and 57 FDG-avid solitary benign lesions associated with various etiologies in 61 patients. FDG PET/CT scan was performed at 60 and 120 min after intravenous injection of 4.4 MBq/kg F-18 FDG. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) on early and delayed scans and the percent change of SUVmax (%ΔSUVmax) between the two time points were measured. The optimal differential parameter was determined by receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis and evaluation of diagnostic accuracy. Results  The mean ± SD of early SUV max, delayed SUVmax and %ΔSUVmax were 8.3 ± 5.2, and 10.2 ± 6.5, and 21.9% ± 18.9 in FDG-avid NSCLC, and 3.8 ± 3.2, 4.0 ± 3.7, and 11.3% ± 26.0 in FDG-avid benign lesions, respectively. Delayed SUVmax in NSCLC was significantly higher than early SUVmax (P < 0.0001); while not different in benign lesions. Percent change of SUVmax in NSCLC was also significantly higher than that in benign lesions (P < 0.01). The optimal parameter for the differentiation was delayed SUVmax > 5.5 and yielded sensitivity of 77.6%, specificity of 80.7% and accuracy of 78.9%, which provided better differentiation than the use of %ΔSUVmax or the traditional parameter of early SUVmax > 2.5. However, 11 (19.2%) benign lesions were indistinguishable from NSCLC. Conclusion  Although delayed PET/CT scan enhances the difference of FDG uptake between FDG-avid NSCLC and benign lesions, and the use of delayed SUVmax > 5.5 appears to improve the differentiation of these hypermetabolic lesions compared with an early scan, careful interpretation and management for correct differentiation are still required.     

Hodgkin disease: diagnostic value of FDG PET/CT after first-line therapy--is biopsy of FDG-avid lesions still needed?

PURPOSE: To retrospectively determine the sensitivity and specificity of co-registered fluorine 18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma after first-line therapy, with use of clinical follow-up or biopsy results as the reference standard. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Informed consent was obtained for imaging and included consent to use patient data for research purposes. Institutional review board approval was obtained. Between May 2001 and July 2005, the data for all patients (n=66) at the authors' institution with proved Hodgkin lymphoma after first-line therapy were retrospectively reviewed. PET/CT scans were evaluated for the presence of abnormal FDG uptake and residual masses after the end of treatment and at further follow-up. All patients with pathologic FDG lesions underwent surgical biopsy for histopathologic confirmation. All patients with negative PET/CT scans at follow-up were evaluated for disease-free survival. RESULTS: An FDG-avid lesion was detected at PET/CT in 27 of the 66 patients (mean age +/- standard deviation, 33.0 years +/- 12.2). Recurrence of Hodgkin lymphoma was confirmed with biopsy in 23 of the 27 patients. The mean maximum standardized uptake value (SUV) of the histopathologically proved lesions was 7.32 (+/-2.01). Four patients had false-positive findings at PET/CT: Biopsy revealed only inflammatory changes, and the mean maximum SUV was 7.30 (+/-2.53). Thirty-nine patients (mean age, 36.7 years +/- 10.8) did not have FDG-avid lesions and remained free of disease after a mean clinical follow-up of 26.2 months (+/-12.5) (specificity, 91% [39 of 43 patients]; sensitivity, 100% [23 of 23 patients]). The presence of bulky disease (>5 cm) after the end of treatment was a significant predictor of recurrent disease (P<.05). CONCLUSION: The authors conclude that FDG PET/CT can help exclude persistent and/or recurrent Hodgkin lymphoma after first-line therapy. Because of the false-positive results and the toxicity of salvage chemotherapy, including high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell support, biopsy of the FDG-avid lesion is still needed.     

FDG PET/CT incidental diagnosis of a synchronous bladder cancer as a fourth malignancy in a patient with head and neck cancer

A 74-year-old man with 40-year history of smoking and known history of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma underwent FDG PET/CT examination for a recent diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma diagnosed from right frontal crown and left posterior ear skin biopsy. PET images revealed multiple FDG-avid lesions in the head and neck, highly suspicious for nodal metastases. Reviewing CT portion of PET/CT examination revealed a hyperattenuating density in the posterior bladder wall. This lesion was not noticed initially due to the intense physiologic bladder uptake. On lowering the intensity, this lesion showed intense FDG avidity on the PET portion of the examination. Cytoscopic biopsy revealed low-grade papillary urothelial cell carcinoma.     

Synchronous Bronchioloalveolar and Squamous Cell Lung Cancer With Different 18F-FDG Avidity on PET/CT

ABSTRACT: We report a case of synchronous multiple primary lung cancer diagnosed by F-FDG PET/CT. A 78-year-old man underwent staging FDG PET/CT that demonstrated intense tracer uptake in the primary, and a second lesion with low uptake. Histopathologic evaluation revealed synchronous squamous cell and bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, representing 2 distinct primaries. FDG PET/CT may identify and diagnose synchronous multiple primary lung cancer on the basis of different morphologic and metabolic features of distinct tumor entities. Moreover, pulmonary lesions with low FDG avidity may still represent malignant disease, even in the context of biopsy-proven FDG-avid lung cancer.     

肝癌经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞后PET/CT显像的临床价值

目的 探讨18F-脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)PET/CT检查评估肝细胞肝癌(HCC)经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)治疗后肿瘤活性及对转移灶的检出能力.方法 22例HCC患者TACE后进行18F-FDG PET/CT检查,以临床随访及部分病理结果为标准进行对照分析.结果 22例患者中,18例复发或转移,其余4例全身未见明显FDG代谢异常增高灶.16例患者肝内有1个或多个18F-FDG放射性增高灶,其中5例碘油沉积区和非碘油沉积区均有FDG浓聚灶,13例并发肝外转移病灶;2例肝内FDG显像阴性但腹膜后淋巴结放射性浓聚.转移灶分布:肺和淋巴结转移各9例,骨转移2例,门静脉瘤栓和膈脚转移各1例.经随访证实2例肝内18F-FDG显像为假阴性,18F-FDG PET/CT检查对肝内肿瘤复发或转移灶的探测灵敏度为88.9%(16/18),特异性为4/4,准确性为90.9%(20/22);全身显像对肿瘤复发或转移检测的灵敏度为94.7%(18/19),特异性为3/3,准确性为95.5%(21/22).结论 18F-FDG PET/CT显像对HCC介入治疗后的残留或复发灶探测有较高的灵敏度,对肝外转移病灶的检出具有独特的优势.     

肝癌经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞后PET/CT显像的临床价值

目的 探讨18F-脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)PET/CT检查评估肝细胞肝癌(HCC)经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)治疗后肿瘤活性及对转移灶的检出能力.方法 22例HCC患者TACE后进行18F-FDG PET/CT检查,以临床随访及部分病理结果为标准进行对照分析.结果 22例患者中,18例复发或转移,其余4例全身未见明显FDG代谢异常增高灶.16例患者肝内有1个或多个18F-FDG放射性增高灶,其中5例碘油沉积区和非碘油沉积区均有FDG浓聚灶,13例并发肝外转移病灶;2例肝内FDG显像阴性但腹膜后淋巴结放射性浓聚.转移灶分布:肺和淋巴结转移各9例,骨转移2例,门静脉瘤栓和膈脚转移各1例.经随访证实2例肝内18F-FDG显像为假阴性,18F-FDG PET/CT检查对肝内肿瘤复发或转移灶的探测灵敏度为88.9%(16/18),特异性为4/4,准确性为90.9%(20/22);全身显像对肿瘤复发或转移检测的灵敏度为94.7%(18/19),特异性为3/3,准确性为95.5%(21/22).结论 18F-FDG PET/CT显像对HCC介入治疗后的残留或复发灶探测有较高的灵敏度,对肝外转移病灶的检出具有独特的优势.     

Granulomatous Prostatitis After Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Instillation Therapy: A Potential Cause of Incidental F-18 FDG Uptake in the Prostate Gland on F-18 FDG PET/CT in Patients with Bladder Cancer

Purpose

This study aimed to evaluate the possibility that Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-induced granulomatous prostatitis can be a potential cause of benign F-18 FDG uptake.

Methods

A total of 395 bladder cancer patients who underwent F-18 FDG PET/CT (PET/CT) were retrospectively evaluated. Patients were divided into two groups according to BCG therapy status. Elapsed time after BCG therapy, serum PSA level, results of prostate biopsy, and the SUVmax and uptake pattern in the prostate gland were reviewed. For patients who underwent follow-up PET/CT, the changes in SUVmax were calculated.

Results

While 35 % of patients showed prostate uptake in the BCG therapy group, only 1 % showed prostate uptake in the non-BCG therapy group (p < 0.001). Among 49 patients with FDG-avid prostate lesions, none had suspected malignancy during the follow-up period (median: 16 months). Five patients revealed granulomatous prostatitis on biopsy. The incidence of FDG-avid prostate lesions was significantly higher if the elapsed time after BCG therapy was less than 1 year compared to more than 1 year (p < 0.001). Serum PSA was normal in 88 % of patients. All patients with incidental F-18 FDG uptake in the prostate gland showed focal or multifocal prostate uptake, and median SUVmax was 4.7. In 16 patients who underwent follow-up PET/CT, SUVmax was decreased in 14 patients (88 %) without treatment, and no patients demonstrated further increased prostate uptake (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

BCG-induced granulomatous prostatitis can be a potential cause of benign F-18 FDG uptake, especially in those with a history of bladder cancer treated with BCG. In BCG-induced granulomatous prostatitis, focal or multifocal prostate uptake is frequently seen within 1 year after BCG therapy, and the intensity of prostate uptake is decreased on the follow-up PET/CT without any treatment.     

Changing patterns of abnormal vascular wall F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose uptake on follow-up PET/CT studies

Background  Fluorine 18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake may be increased in atherosclerotic plaques in asymptomatic patients. Repeat positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) studies were assessed for changes in patterns of FDG uptake and CT calcifications. Methods and Results  Fifty consecutive cancer patients (mean age, 68 ± 8 years) had repeat PET/CT studies 8 to 26 months apart. PET, CT, and PET/CT images were retrospectively evaluated for vascular wall abnormalities and for interval changes in the thoracic and abdominal aortas, as well as in carotid and iliac arteries, classified as PET+/CT+, PET+/CT-, and PET-/CT+. There were 485 abnormal sites in the first study and 495 in the second. CT calcifications were found in 46 patients (92%) in the first study and in 47 (94%) in the second. Vascular wall FDG uptake was found in both studies in 37 patients (74%). The pattern changed in 57 of 119 PET+ sites (48%) in the second study compared with 15 of 366 PET- sites (4%) (P < .0001). In the second study new PET+ sites were observed in 36 of 111 sites (32%) versus new PET-/CT+ sites in 19 of 384 sites (5%) (P < .0001). Conclusions  Changes in vascular FDG activity and CT calcifications can be assessed by repeat PET/CT. FDG-avid foci may represent a dynamic process, transient inflammation, whereas CT calcifications may indicate stable atherosclerosis. These preliminary results support the need for further research. This study was supported in part by the Eliyahu Pen Technion Research Grant.     

Asymptomatic metastasis to the larynx detected by FDG PET/CT in a patient with recurrent rectal adenocarcinoma

Metastasis of colorectal adenocarcinoma to the larynx is a very rare condition. Here, we report a 72-year-old woman with a history of rectal adenocarcinoma. She was referred for whole-body FDG PET/CT scanning because of an elevating serum level of carcinoembryonic antigen. PET images showed focally increased FDG accumulation in the larynx (SUVmax=12.9). Coregistered CT images showed mild wall thickening at the left subglottic area. The findings of after excisional biopsy confirmed that this FDG-avid lesion was metastatic adenocarcinoma of the colorectal origin.     

Differentiation between malignant and benign pathologic fractures with F-18-fluoro-2-deoxy-<Emphasis Type="SmallCaps">D</Emphasis>-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of F-18-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) in differentiating malignant from benign pathologic fractures. Materials and methods F-18 FDG PET/CT was performed on 34 patients with pathologic fractures between May 2004 and June 2007. Fractures were located in tubular bones (26), in the pelvis (six), in the spine (one) and in a rib (one). The FDG uptake pattern at the fracture site was described, whether FDG uptake occurred in the marrow or cortex and soft tissue. Maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax, the largest value at the region of interest) were measured at the fracture site, including cortical bone, bone marrow and soft tissue. As a reference standard, biopsy was used for 12 patients and clinical follow-up for 22 patients. Sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of PET/CT were calculated. Results There were 19 malignant and 15 benign fractures. In the malignant fractures, PET/CT demonstrated high (mean SUVmax 12.0, range 4.3 to 45.7) F-18 FDG uptake in bone marrow in most cases (17 of 19). In benign fractures, there was low FDG uptake (mean SUVmax 2.9, range 0.6 to 5.5) within cortical bone or adjacent soft tissue around the fracture, rarely in the marrow. There were significant differences in the pattern of intramedullary FDG uptake (P < 0.001) and in the mean SUVmax (P < 0.01) between malignant and benign fractures. The sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of F-18 FDG PET/CT were 89.5%, 86.7% and 88.2%, respectively, with a cut-off SUVmax set at 4.7. The time interval between fracture and PET/CT did not significantly influence FDG uptake at the fracture site. Conclusion F-18 FDG PET/CT reliably differentiated between malignant and benign fractures based on the SUVmax and based on medullary uptake, which was characteristic for malignant fractures. This research was supported by the Yeungnam University research grants in 2007.