经皮肝胆道镜治疗肝胆管结石并胆管支气管瘘1例

<正>1病例资料1.1一般资料患者,女,61岁,因“反复寒战、发热6个月,咳黄绿色痰1个月”于2021年3月21日入院。患者16年前因“胆囊结石、胆管结石”于外院行“胆囊切除+胆总管切开取石T管引流术”,术后1个月拔除T管。11年前、4年前和9个月前食道胃底静脉出血行“内镜下套扎治疗”。近1个月来咳黄绿色痰,平卧20～30 min就会出现咳嗽咳痰,几乎不能平卧,且反复寒战、高热,最高体温达40.5℃。     

肝包虫引起的胆管支气管瘘的诊治6例报道

胆管支气管瘘甚少见，可由多种病因引起，我科收冶的由肝包虫病引起的胆管支气管痿6例。男4例、女2例；10～19岁3例．20～29岁2例．30～39岁1例：汉族3例，蒙族、哈萨克族、维吾尔族各1例：农牧民4例．工人1例，家属1例；2例有既往肝包虫手术史；6例均有明确的犬羊密切接触史；病程短者仅20天．长者年余；6例均有刺激性副烈咳嗽、咳出黄绿色带苦昧痰液病史；2例曾咳出包虫囊皮，2例咳出胆汁每日500～800ml；4例在咳胆前有发热，咳胆后消退；     

胆管支气管瘘伴胆囊肝内胆管瘘1例

胆管支气管瘘伴胆囊肝内胆管瘘１例蒋江营胆管支气管瘘临床少见，迄今国内仅报告１１例［１－４］近来作者治疗１例。效果良好，特予报道。临床资料患者，女，５８岁，１９９０年１０月２４日入院。自１９８７年冬反复中上腹疼痛，寒战高热，伴有黄疸，诊断为“胆囊炎胆石...     

胆管支气管瘘：附5例分析

本院从１９６４年～１９９２年收治胆管支气管瘘５例，该病是各种原因引起的肝脓肿或膈下脓肿的并发症．临床症状常见有右上腹痛，畏寒发热，黄疸及其它呼吸系症状；全部病人的诊断为手术所证实；胆管支气管瘘的治疗应早期诊断，针对病因．解除梗阻，本组除１例瘘管切除修补术外，其余病例只行解除梗阻的手术后痊愈。     

胆管支气管瘘29例临床分析

目的 总结胆管支气管瘘(bronchobiliary fistula,BBF)的病因、病理及诊治经验.方法 回顾性分析1976-2009年收治的29例BBF患者的临床资料.结果 29例患者均有腹痛、寒战发热、黄疸、肝肿大;胸闷、咳嗽并咯血及咯胆汁痰,量为100～200 ml/d;右下肺闻及湿性啰音或呼吸音减弱或消失.29例患者先后选择胸部X线片或腹部X线片、A型超声、BUS、CT或PTC、MRCP、ERCP等诊断措施.29例患者均采用手术治疗,术式分别为胆总管切开取石、T型管引流术及膈下或肝脓肿引流、瘘管切除或膈肌瘘口修补术19例(其中2例同时行肝右后叶不规则切除术);胆囊切除、胆总管切开取蛔虫及取结石、T型管引流、膈下脓肿引流及膈肌瘘口修补术3例;胆囊切除、胆总管切开取蛔虫及取结石,胆管空肠Roux-en-Y型吻合术1例;肝外伤性膈下脓肿引流术,胆总管切开、T型管引流术3例;单纯行膈下脓肿引流及胆总管切开及T型管引流术2例;Oddi括约肌狭窄行肝脓肿切开引流及膈肌瘘口修补术并行胆管空肠Roux-en-Y型吻合术1例.手术治愈26例;死亡3例.结论BBF来自肝胆管梗阻和感染导致胆源性肝脓肿及肺脓肿,手术解除梗阻、去除病灶、通畅引流是治愈BBF的关键措施.

Abstract：

Objective To summarize the etiology,pathological mechanism, and the experience of diagnosis and treatment of bronchobiliary fistula (BBF). Methods Clinical data of 29 BBF patients admitted and operated on from 1976 to 2009 were analyzed retrospectively. Results Clinical menifestation included abdominal pain, chill and high fever,jaundice, hepatomegaly, chest distress, cough, hemoptysis,bilious cough, moist rale in the lower right lung or decreased or disapeared breath sound. Abdominal radiograph, chest X-ray, BUS, CT, PTC, MRCP and ERCP are helpful for localizing diagnosis. All the 29patients were surgically treated. 19 patients were treated by choledochotomy to extract common bile duct stones, T-tube drainage, liver abscess drainage, fistula excision and diaphragmatic repair. Three patients were treated by cholecystectomy, choledocholithotomy, and T-tube drainage. One patient underwent cholecystectomy, choledocholithotomy, and Roux-en-Y hepatojejunostomy. Three patients received liver abscess drainage, choledochotomy, T-tube drainage. 2 patients did subphrenic abscess drainage,choledochotomy, T-tube drainage. One patient complicating Oddi sphincter stenosis received liver abscess drainage, diaphragmatic repair, and Roux-en-Y hepatojejunostomy. 26 patients were cured. 3 patients died.Conclusions The etiology of BBF is obstruction related bilious tract infection leading to liver abcess and lung abscess. In the process of surgical treatment, relief of bilious tract obstruction, clearance of focal lesion and effective drainage of biliary tract are the mainstay of management.     

胆管支气管瘘29例临床分析

目的 总结胆管支气管瘘(bronchobiliary fistula,BBF)的病因、病理及诊治经验.方法 回顾性分析1976-2009年收治的29例BBF患者的临床资料.结果 29例患者均有腹痛、寒战发热、黄疸、肝肿大;胸闷、咳嗽并咯血及咯胆汁痰,量为100～200 ml/d;右下肺闻及湿性啰音或呼吸音减弱或消失.29例患者先后选择胸部X线片或腹部X线片、A型超声、BUS、CT或PTC、MRCP、ERCP等诊断措施.29例患者均采用手术治疗,术式分别为胆总管切开取石、T型管引流术及膈下或肝脓肿引流、瘘管切除或膈肌瘘口修补术19例(其中2例同时行肝右后叶不规则切除术);胆囊切除、胆总管切开取蛔虫及取结石、T型管引流、膈下脓肿引流及膈肌瘘口修补术3例;胆囊切除、胆总管切开取蛔虫及取结石,胆管空肠Roux-en-Y型吻合术1例;肝外伤性膈下脓肿引流术,胆总管切开、T型管引流术3例;单纯行膈下脓肿引流及胆总管切开及T型管引流术2例;Oddi括约肌狭窄行肝脓肿切开引流及膈肌瘘口修补术并行胆管空肠Roux-en-Y型吻合术1例.手术治愈26例;死亡3例.结论BBF来自肝胆管梗阻和感染导致胆源性肝脓肿及肺脓肿,手术解除梗阻、去除病灶、通畅引流是治愈BBF的关键措施.     

胆管支气管瘘29例临床分析

目的 总结胆管支气管瘘(bronchobiliary fistula,BBF)的病因、病理及诊治经验.方法 回顾性分析1976-2009年收治的29例BBF患者的临床资料.结果 29例患者均有腹痛、寒战发热、黄疸、肝肿大;胸闷、咳嗽并咯血及咯胆汁痰,量为100～200 ml/d;右下肺闻及湿性啰音或呼吸音减弱或消失.29例患者先后选择胸部X线片或腹部X线片、A型超声、BUS、CT或PTC、MRCP、ERCP等诊断措施.29例患者均采用手术治疗,术式分别为胆总管切开取石、T型管引流术及膈下或肝脓肿引流、瘘管切除或膈肌瘘口修补术19例(其中2例同时行肝右后叶不规则切除术);胆囊切除、胆总管切开取蛔虫及取结石、T型管引流、膈下脓肿引流及膈肌瘘口修补术3例;胆囊切除、胆总管切开取蛔虫及取结石,胆管空肠Roux-en-Y型吻合术1例;肝外伤性膈下脓肿引流术,胆总管切开、T型管引流术3例;单纯行膈下脓肿引流及胆总管切开及T型管引流术2例;Oddi括约肌狭窄行肝脓肿切开引流及膈肌瘘口修补术并行胆管空肠Roux-en-Y型吻合术1例.手术治愈26例;死亡3例.结论BBF来自肝胆管梗阻和感染导致胆源性肝脓肿及肺脓肿,手术解除梗阻、去除病灶、通畅引流是治愈BBF的关键措施.     

肝癌射频消融术后胆管支气管瘘1例临床分析及文献复习

目的深入了解肝癌射频消融术(Radiofrequency ablation,RFA)引起的胆管支气管瘘(bronchobiliary fistula,BBF)的诊断、临床特征及治疗要点;方法回顾性分析我科收治的1例接受肝癌RFA术后引起BBF患者的临床资料,并结合国内外文献进行分析;结果明确诊断后,该BBF患者接受了肝左外叶切除术及胆管支气管瘘修补术,术后14日咳嗽、咳痰症状消失,术后2月复查CT提示瘘管消失。结论咳胆色素痰(bilioptysis)是BBF最为特征性临床表现。本例患者的诊治经验证实在术前充分评估和准备的情况下,早期诊断并及时行外科手术治疗是治疗BBF的有效方法。     

胆囊穿孔和严重肝硬化致支气管胆管瘘

支气管胆管瘘(bronchobiliary fistula,BBF)是胆道与支气管树之间的异常交通,1850年,Peacock报道了第1例BBF[1]。BBF病人可表现为反复发作的咳胆(bilioptysis),也可发展为慢性病程导致肺部支气管扩张。非手术治疗的主要目的是降低胆道内压力、引流胆汁畅通进入十二指肠。非手术治疗失败或伴有支气管扩张的病人,外科治疗通常仍为     

肝胆管结石合并支气管胆瘘35例诊治经验

目的 探讨肝胆管结石合并支气管胆瘘的诊治方法.方法 回顾性分析10年来35例患者的临床资料.结果 全组均行手术治疗,修补膈肌瘘口.其中行肝叶切除22例,胆管梗阻狭窄切开整形13例.胆总管T管支撑引流19例,肝断面胆管空肠内引流3例,肝胆管盆式Roux-en-Y内引流术13例.术后支气管胆瘘均无复发,肝内胆管结石残留4例.结论 患者咯出极苦的黄色脓痰是较为典型的临床特征.解除胆管梗阻,建立通畅引流是手术治疗的关键.     

胆内瘘的诊断与治疗

目的 探讨胆内瘘的发病原因、病理改变、诊断方法及治疗过程中的注意事项.方法 回顾性分析近10年收治的43例胆内瘘病人的临床资料.结果 40例继发于胆囊炎胆结石,3例为溃疡病所致,43例全部经手术证实并治疗,治愈39例、好转3例、死亡1例.结论 胆内瘘术前诊断困难,钡餐、CT、ERCP、胆道造影等检查有助于术前确诊;手术...     

A successful treatment of traumatic bronchobiliary fistula by endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage

Bronchobiliary fistula(BBF)is a rare condition in which there is a nonnatural communication between the biliary tract and the bronchial trees.It is usually aroused by the complications of hepatic hydat...     

Hepato-pericardial fistula following radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for liver metastasis: a case report and review of the literature

Introduction  Recent large-scale studies have demonstrated the efficiency and safety of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for unresectable hepatic tumors. Nevertheless, severe side effects especially relating to non-target thermal injury have occurred after radiofrequency ablation. Case report  We observed the development of a hepato-pericardial fistula leading to pericardial empyema after RFA of a metastatic hepatic lesion. Concerning the genesis of the fistula, development from thermal damages in the diaphragm and pericardium as well as abscess formation in the liver is assumed. Treatment consisted of percutaneous drainage and flushing via remaining hepatic and pericardial catheters. Recovery was achieved conservatively after 2 months. To the best of our knowledge, a hepato-pericardial fistula as a complication of RFA has not been reported so far. The review of the literature revealed several cases of intrahepatic abscess formation after RFA as well as one case of pericardial empyema due to perforation of hepatic amoebic abscess. Two cases of pericardial tamponade after RFA are reported in the literature leading to death. Treatment via percutaneous drainage has been successful in this case and correlates with the successful treatment of abscess formation after RFA of metastatic pancreatic cancer. Other authors suggest pericardectomy or thoracotomy in the treatment of pericardial empyema. Conclusion  The management of hepatic abscess formation subsequent to RFA of metastatic hepatic malignancies is not well described. We regard the percutaneous drainage as treatment of pericardial empyema as well as hepatic abscess as less invasive and sufficient, as demonstrated in this case.     

肝前性门静脉高压症的罕见病因——肝动脉-门静脉瘘（附3例报告和文献复习）

目的：对一种临床少见的肝前性门静脉高压症-肝动脉-门静脉瘘进行诊治分析。方法：报告本院1999-2008年收治的3例非肿瘤性肝动脉．门静脉瘘的临床病例资料,并回顾文献进行总结。结果：肝动脉-门静脉瘘可表现为门静脉高压症．但与常见的肝病性门静脉高压症有截然不同的病因和病理生理过程,需通过数字减影血管造影（DSA）检查确诊,其治疗以肝动脉栓塞和手术治疗为主要方式。结论：非肿瘤性的弥漫性肝动脉-门静脉瘘的临床表现缺乏特异性．栓塞治疗为首选,手术治疗可在栓塞无效时作为补充。     

肝脏创伤性假性动脉瘤和动静脉瘘的诊治

目的 探讨肝脏创伤性假性动脉瘤(post-traumatic intrahepatic pseudoaneurysm，HPA)及动静瘘瘦(arteriovenous fistula,AVF)的临床特点及诊疗手段。方法 肝创伤性HPA／AVF病人13例，对其临床资料进行回顾性总结。结果 其主要病因为严重肝破裂伤和深部肝穿刺伤(10例)，病变部位肝右叶(8例)＞左叶(3例)＞肝门部(2例)，症状以迟发性出血伴腹痛为主(11例)，诊断率贴A＞CT＞B超。治疗包括肝动脉栓塞治疗(7例)，肝叶切除(3例)，瘤体切除、肝动脉结扎(2例)，1例未做特殊治疗。结论 创伤性HPA／AVF是肝外伤后迟发出血的重要原因，肝动脉造影及栓塞术是该类疾病的主要诊疗手段。     

射频消融治疗老年肝脏肿瘤（附126例临床分析）

目的 探讨射频消融（radiofrequency ablation，RFA）治疗老年肝肿瘤患者的安全性。方法 对126例老年肝肿瘤患者进行了161次RFA治疗，临床观察治疗后其对机体的反应、并发症发生及防治情况。结果 并发症发生率7．1％（9／126），其中皮肤烧伤3例，胸腔积液2例，肝功能不全2例，结肠穿孔1例，皮下出血1例，无临床死亡病例。结论 射频消融治疗老年肝肿瘤是一种较安全的方法，对机体影响轻微。