抗人膀胱癌抗独特型抗体佐剂疫苗的动物实验研究

目的 探讨抗独特型抗体佐剂疫苗对膀胱癌的免疫治疗作用。方法 用抗人膀胱癌抗独特型抗体佐剂疫苗(Ab2 SAF)免疫BALB／C小鼠，即实验组；对照组用生理盐水，方法同实验组。免疫3次后，于末次免疫后1w，将新鲜人膀胱移行细胞癌组织移植于小鼠肾包度下，分别于移植后第2、4、6、8和10天处死小鼠，取血清进行抗抗独特型抗体(Ab3)分析。移植瘤行组织学检查，观察宿主淋巴细胞浸润情况及瘤细胞可见率。结果 实验组小鼠肾脏包膜下人膀胱癌细胞系很快受到排斥，在移植后第6天，淋巴细胞浸润即达高峰，而对照组在第10天才达高峰；癌细胞可见率，在移植后第6天即明显降低，而对照组呈逐渐下降。实验组Ab3为阳性，而对照组阴性。结论 Ab2作为抗原免疫小鼠后，通过诱发或激活对人膀胱癌特异性体液和细胞免疫反应，排斥癌细胞并抑制其生长。     

抗猪带绦虫六钩蚴独特型抗体疫苗对猪体免疫保护作用的研究

目的本研究在证实猪带绦虫六钩蚴抗原具有很高的免疫保护性的基础上，探讨六钩蚴抗独特型抗体作为六钩蚴抗原替代物对猪体的保护作用，为研制猪体囊虫疫苗提供理论基础。方法用六钩蚴粗制抗原免疫家兔，制备兔抗六钩蚴抗体(Ab1)，再用Ab1免疫昆明小白鼠，制备抗独特型抗体(Ab2)，免疫猪体，以3节猪带绦虫孕卵节片攻击感染，90d后剖杀，观察感染情况。结果5头试验猪只有1头在膈肌发现1个囊虫，而2头阳性对照猪均被感染，各检查部位囊虫数平均为4．5个／100g和3．2个／100g。结论抗猪带绦虫六钩蚴独特性抗体Ab2对猪体有较强的免疫保护作用。     

日本血吸虫单克隆抗抗独特型抗体NP41的建株及初步鉴定

目的 制备日本血吸虫单克隆抗独特型抗体（anti-id,Anb2)NP30的抗抗独特型抗体（anti-anti-id,Ab3)。方法 IRS－NP30主动免疫BALB／c小鼠,取其脾细胞与SP2／0细胞融合,制备anti-anti-id杂交瘤细胞株。结果 获得1株稳定分泌单克隆抗体的细胞株,定名为NP41。NP41的Ig同型为IgM。免疫组化显示NP41与成虫的体膜、消化管上皮、子宫内膜上皮及虫卵内皮的毛蚴头腺,毛蚴膜呈阳性反应。结论 NP41为NP30的anti-anti-id,其识别的抗原即NP30的模拟抗原。     

抗猪带绦虫六钩蚴独特型抗体疫苗对猪体免疫保护作用的研究

目的　本研究在证实猪带绦虫六钩蚴抗原具有很高的免疫保护性的基础上 ,探讨六钩蚴抗独特型抗体作为六钩蚴抗原替代物对猪体的保护作用 ,为研制猪体囊虫疫苗提供理论基础。　方法　用六钩蚴粗制抗原免疫家兔 ,制备兔抗六钩蚴抗体 (Ab1) ,再用Ab1免疫昆明小白鼠 ,制备抗独特型抗体 (Ab2 ) ,免疫猪体 ,以 3节猪带绦虫孕卵节片攻击感染 ,90d后剖杀 ,观察感染情况。　结果　 5头试验猪只有 1头在膈肌发现 1个囊虫 ,而 2头阳性对照猪均被感染 ,各检查部位囊虫数平均为 4.5个 /10 0g和 3 .2个 /10 0 g。　 结论　抗猪带绦虫六钩蚴独特性抗体Ab2对猪体有较强的免疫保护作用。     

抗日本血吸虫抗独特型抗体的制备及初步鉴定和应用

本研究用1株针对日本血吸虫尾蚴和童虫表膜抗原的单克隆抗体(N15D9)免疫新西兰兔制备多克隆抗N15D9独特型抗体。结果表明,多克隆抗N15D9独特型抗体具有较高的抗体滴度,经用间接免疫荧光法和ELISA分析,该抗体显示较高的结合特异性,与具有相同靶抗原结合特异性的单克隆抗体有中度的交叉反应。当用抗N15D9独特型抗体作为诊断抗原检测日本血吸虫感染的病人血清时,其阳性检出率为39％。本研究结果初步揭示,抗N15D9独特型抗体具有一定的分子模拟作帮和诊断应用的潜能。     

抗独特型抗体替代马来丝虫感染期幼虫表面抗原

应用D1E5单克隆抗体(AB1,为小鼠IgM McAb,能识别马来丝虫感染期幼虫表面抗原决定簇)发现有一期特异性表面抗原仅存在于马来丝虫第二期后期和第三期幼虫。感染动物后2～3天内该抗原即从虫体表面丧失。它可能与丝虫传播有关和/或可以作为免疫攻击的靶抗原,然而分离和鉴定这种抗原的工作均未成功,因此制备含有D1E5独特型“内影像”的兔抗独特型抗体来替代该抗原。将AB1免疫兔产生抗独特型抗体(AB2),继用经典竞争试验检测AB2抗独特型特异性,结果表明AB2能特异性抑制AB1与马来丝虫幼虫表面结合,而不能抑制犬恶     

在细粒棘球蚴感染小鼠中抗独特型抗体的调节

此项工作的目的是研究用抗独特型抗体(Ab_2)免疫后能否调节抗寄生虫的抗体反应。为此,作者比较观察了经Ab_2和人包虫囊液抗原免疫的小鼠对感染的抗体反应。 将具有高抗体滴度和能识别多抗原组分的一包虫病病人的血清(Ab_1)用包虫囊液抗原(HCFA)亲和纯化,作为独特型抗原免疫兔。经吸附去除非抗独特型抗体及类风湿因子后的兔免疫血清即为抗独特型抗体Ab_2。作者分析了通过Ab_2处理后对细粒棘球绦虫抗原的抗体应答的调节。     

日本血吸虫单克隆anti—anti—id的建株及初步鉴定

日本 制备日本血吸虫抗独特型抗体（anti-id,Ab2)NP30的单克隆抗独型抗体（anti-anti-id,Ab3)。方法 应用辣根过氧化物酶标记的NP30（HRP－NP30）免疫BALB／c小鼠的脾细胞与SP2／0融合,制备单克隆anti-anti-id。结果 获得1株稳定分泌抗NP30的单克隆抗体的细胞株,定名为NP48。NP48的Ig同型为IgG2b。NP48与SWAP和SEA ELISA反应均阳性。免疫组织化学显示NP48可定位于虫卵内毛蚴头腺及毛蚴膜。结论 NP48是NP30的特异性anti-anti-id,可用于NP30模拟抗原的分离和鉴定。     

5-羟色胺及其受体与人肝细胞性肝癌增殖的关系

1. 材料与方法：(1)41例肝细胞性肝癌标本均来自第四军医大学附属医院和解放军第三医院住院病人手术切除标本。常规制备石蜡切片。每例组织用抗5-羟色胺（5-HT）抗体、抗5-HT抗独特型抗体和鼠抗PCNA单克隆抗体分别进行免疫组织化学染色。(2)兔抗5-HT抗体和兔抗5-HT抗独特型抗体均为第四军医大学组织胚胎学教研室研制，工作浓度分别为1:100和1:200；鼠抗PCNA单克隆抗体为美国Zymed公司产品,工作浓度为1:200；SABC试剂盒购自武汉博士德（Boster）生物工程公司；DAB为美国Sigma公司产品。(3)免疫组织化学染色按Boster公司推荐的SAB…     

抗细粒棘球绦虫成虫单克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

目的 建立能分泌与细粒棘球绦虫(简称包虫)成虫特异结合的抗包虫成虫单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株。方法 用包虫成虫抗原免疫BALB／c小鼠后，获取免疫的脾细胞，与小鼠骨髓瘤细胞SP2／0融合。结果 ELISA方法筛选出1株能持续稳定分泌抗包虫成虫单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株，1F5E3C9E9D5杂交瘤细胞株分泌的单克隆抗体可以与包虫成虫、棘球蚴结合，与囊液抗原呈边缘性阳性反应，而与泡球蚴EM2抗原呈阴性反应。冻存1个月后复苏，仍能稳定分泌。经免疫组织化学检测发现，该单克隆抗体与棘球蚴的生发层，棘球蚴原头节虫体呈阳性反应。结论 1F5E3C9E9D5是一株稳定的杂交瘤细胞株，所分泌的抗细粒棘球绦虫成虫单克隆抗体在粪抗原的检测方面有应用前景。     

Idiotypic cascades in cancer patients treated with monoclonal antibody CO17-1A.

We have previously shown that gastrointestinal cancer patients treated with monoclonal antibody CO17-1A (Ab1) developed anti-idiotypic antibodies (Ab2) to the Ab1. We now demonstrate that patients produce anti-anti-idiotypic antibodies (Ab3) to their autologous Ab2. Ab3 were demonstrated in culture supernatants of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from five Ab1-treated patients after stimulation of the cells with heterologous Ab2 that functionally mimicked the tumor antigen (Ag) defined by Ab1 and immunologically cross reacted with the patients' Ab2. Ab3 shared idiotopes with Ab1 and were Ab1-like in their binding specificities to tumor cells, Ag, and Ab2. Such antibodies were also elicited by stimulating cells with Ag. However, they were not produced by stimulating posttreatment mononuclear cells with control proteins or by stimulating pretreatment cells with either Ag or Ab2. Our results demonstrate idiotypic cascades in cancer patients treated with monoclonal antibody. Ag-specific Ab3 responses may underlie delayed clinical responses often observed in cancer patients treated with monoclonal antibodies of various specificities.     

日本血吸虫单克隆抗独特型抗体NP30单链抗体基因的构建和表达

目的　构建日本血吸虫单克隆抗独特型抗体NP30单链抗体 (scFv)基因。　方法　通过PCR方法体外扩增并经测序验证的重链、轻链可变区 (VH、VL)基因先后重组入原核表达质粒 pTHA90相应的位点上 ,中间通过一连接肽 (Gly4 Ser) 3基因连接构建成单链抗体基因 (scFv) ,连接产物转化相应受体菌Top1 0 ,提取质粒 ,酶切鉴定重组克隆。表达产物经ELISA方法测定活性。　结果　重组克隆经酶切鉴定可见预期大小的片段 ,表明重组成功。表达产物经ELISA检测 ,OD4 92 值为 1 .0 6 ,高于阴性对照 3倍以上 ,证实具有与相应抗原结合的能力。　结论　成功地构建了scFv基因 ,且其表达产物保留了抗体的亲和性和特异性     

丙型肝炎病毒非结构蛋白NS5抗独特型人源单链可变区抗体的筛选与鉴定

目的：制备丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）非结构蛋白NSS（NS5）的抗独特型单链可变区抗体scFv(抗－Id scFv)，为研制HCV NS5的抗－Id scFv疫苗奠定基础。方法：采用噬菌体表面展示技术，将HCV NS5单克隆抗体固相包被于Nunc板，从噬菌体单链可变区抗体库中经过5轮“吸附－洗脱－扩增”筛选过程，随机挑选80个克隆，利用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）、交叉反应和竞争抑制实验，对其进行免疫学检测，获得与HCV NS5单克隆抗体结合活性较强的抗－Id scFv阳性克隆，并对HCV NS5特异性抗－Id scFv的编码序列进行序列测定分析。结果：筛选得到的HCV NS5抗－Id scFv片段由786bp组成，具有结合HCV NS5单克隆抗体的生物学活性和特异性。结论：用噬菌体抗体库技术能够成功地获得HCV NS5的抗－Id scFv。本实验结果为开展用抗－Id scFv防治丙型肝炎的研究创造了条件。     

Release of soluble immune complexes from immune adherence receptors on human erythrocytes is mediated by C3b inactivator independently of β1H and is accompanied by generation of C3c

Antigen.antibody complexes (Ag.Ab) prepared from (125)I-labeled bovine serum albumin and guinea pig anti-albumin were incubated at 37 degrees C for 30 min with normal human serum diluted optimally for binding (1:16) and then with autologous erythrocytes (RBC). After washing, RBC-bearing antigen.antibody.complement complexes (Ag.Ab.C) were resuspended in serum reagents or solutions of purified complement components, and the kinetics of dissociation were analyzed. Ag.Ab.C dissociated in serum heated at 56 degrees C for 30 min (SDelta30) but not in serum heated for 120 min (SDelta120). Dissociation in SDelta30 markedly decreased after adsorption with anti-C3b inactivator but not anti-beta1H or anti-C4 binding protein (C4bp), and dissociation in SDelta120 markedly increased after addition of C3b inactivator. Hemolytic assays revealed that SDelta30 retained inactivator activity whereas SDelta120 lacked significant activity. Ag.Ab.C dissociated in the presence of purified inactivator or C3b but not beta1H or C3. Dissociation was more rapid with inactivator than with C3b and occurred at 0 degrees C as well as at 37 degrees C. Treatment with inactivator inhibitor abolished dissociation in SDelta30; dissociation in inactivator deficient serum was markedly reduced. Addition of beta1H did not enhance inactivator-mediated dissociation at limiting dilutions of inactivator, and adsorption of Ag.Ab.C with anti-beta1H or preparation of Ag.Ab.C with serum adsorbed with anti-beta1H did not diminish dissociation. After dissociation with inactivator, Ag.Ab.C were unchanged in size but were no longer able to bind to fresh RBC and gave enhanced binding to Raji and Daudi lymphoblastoid cells. NaDodSO(4)/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of Ag.Ab.C prepared with (125)I-labeled C3 revealed that, after binding to RBC, dissociation with inactivator was accompanied by generation of a C3 fragment the size of C3c. Preincubation of Ag.Ab.C with excess inactivator did not prevent subsequent binding of Ag.Ab.C to RBC but, immediately after binding, Ag.Ab.C dissociated rapidly. These findings indicate that C3b inactivator can release immune complexes from immune adherence receptors on human RBC, that release occurs independently of beta1H, alters cell binding properties of immune complexes, and involves multiple cleavages of the C3b alpha' chain, and that receptors in human RBC membrane are required for this C3b inactivator-mediated breakdown.     

Idiotypic regulation of the immune system by the induction of antibodies against anti-idiotypic antibodies.

Anticarbohydrate antibodies (Ab1) were isolated from a rabbit hyperimmunized with Micrococcus lysodeikticus and injected into allotype-matched rabbits in order to obtain specific anti-iodiotypic antibodies (Ab2). Ab2 was isolated by means of a Sepharose column coupled to the anticarbohydrate antibodies and was injected into two allotype-matched rabbits. These latter rabbits produced specific anti-anti-idiotypic antibodies (Ab3) probably sharing idiotypic specificities with Ab1. However, these Ab3 did not react with the antigenic carbohydrate moiety of bacteria. The two rabbits that had produced Ab3 were then immunized with M. lysodeikticus and synthesized anticarbohydrate antibodies (Ab1') bearing idiotypic specificities similar to those of Ab1. The immune repertoire which is effectively expressed in one individual depends not only on the antigenic stimulation but also on the previous idiotypic history of the individual. These data support the concept that the immune system is a functional idiotypic network.     

洞庭湖区东方田鼠天然抗日本血吸虫抗体水平的初步研究

目的：探讨洞庭湖区东方田鼠天然抗日本血吸虫尾蚴（ Ｃ Ａ）、童虫（ Ｊ Ａ）、成虫（ Ａ Ｗ Ａ）及虫卵抗原（ Ｓ Ｅ Ａ）的抗体检出率及其水平。方法：应用间接 Ｅ Ｌ Ｉ Ｓ Ａ 对未感染野生东方田鼠（ Ｗ Ｍ Ｆ）、室内繁殖东方田鼠（ Ｂ Ｍ Ｆ）和感染日本血吸虫尾蚴１５ ｄ 的室内繁殖东方田鼠（ Ｂ Ｍ Ｆｉ１５ ）的抗日本血吸虫 ４ 种不同阶段抗原的抗体进行了检测,并与昆明小鼠感染尾蚴１５ ｄ（ Ａ Ｍｉ１５ ）、４２ ｄ（ Ａ Ｍｉ４２）和未感染组（ Ａ Ｍ）作了对比。结果： Ｗ Ｍ Ｆ和 Ｂ Ｍ Ｆ的抗日本血吸虫抗体检出率以抗 Ｊ Ａ Ａｂ 最高（９４． ６％ 和 ９４． ４％ ）, 抗 Ａ Ｗ Ａ Ａｂ 其次（８５． ５％ 和 ８３． ３％ ）, 抗 Ｓ Ｅ Ａ Ａｂ （５８． １％ 和５９．４％ ）,抗 Ｃ Ａ Ａｂ（１４．３％ 和１３．９％ ）最低。 Ｂ Ｍ Ｆｉ１５ 的４ 种抗体水平较未感染组显著升高, 抗 Ｊ Ａ Ａｂ 和抗 Ａ Ｗ Ａ Ａｂ 的检出率为 １００％ ,抗 Ｓ Ｅ Ａ Ａｂ 为８４．４％ ,抗 Ｃ Ａ Ａｂ 为６５．６％ ; Ｗ Ｍ Ｆ、 Ｂ Ｍ Ｆ和 Ｂ Ｍ Ｆｉ１５ 的４ 种抗体水平呈相同趋势（ Ｊ Ａ＞ Ａ Ｗ Ａ＞ Ｓ Ｅ Ａ＞ Ｃ Ａ）, Ｂ Ｍ Ｆｉ１５     

Serological markers of primary HIV infection

39 persons with an incidentally discovered seroconversion from HIV antibody negative (Ab-) to antibody positive (Ab+) state as measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were investigated for the presence of (1) HIV antigen (Ag) and (2) immunoblotting test (IBT) Ab in serum samples collected within the year before seroconversion. 13 (33%) of the patients were HIV Ag+ at some time before seroconversion. However, the collection of samples was not done systematically and the samples from patients who had at least 1 sample collected within 3 months before seroconversion were thus compiled separately. This group consisted of 58 samples from 19 patients and among these none were HIV Ag+ earlier than 11 weeks before seroconversion, but the prevalence of HIV Ag+ samples was rising towards seroconversion and 10 patients (53%, 95% confidence limits: 29-76%) became HIV Ag+ in this 11-week period. Further, among all patients 13 (33%) were IBT Ab+ 4-50 days (median: 14 days) before seroconversion. Finally, among 18 patients with signs and symptoms consistent with an acute HIV infection 10 were HIV Ag+, as opposed to 4 HIV Ag+ patients among 21 without symptoms (p = 0.041).     

Expression of Pre-S2 antigen and antibody in patients with hepatitis B virus infection

We investigated the expression of Pre-S2 antigen (Ag) and antibody (Ab) in sera quantitatively using ELISA. Four patients with acute hepatitis B and 87 chronic HBV carriers were included in this study. We also investigated the expression of Pre-S2Ag in the liver tissues obtained from 26 chronic HBV carriers by direct fluorescent antibody method. There was a significant correlation between Pre-S2Ag titers and HBsAg titers in sera. Pre-S2Ag titers were higher in sera positive for HBeAg, HBV-related DNA polymerase or HBV-DNA than in sera negative for those markers. The ratio of Pre-S2Ag titers to HBsAg titers, however, was constant irrespective of virus replicative markers. Pre-S2Ag in the liver had almost same intracellular localization with HBsAg in the liver. It was suggested that Pre-S2Ag was expressed with an intimate relation to the expression of HBsAg and was not useful as a virus replicative marker. Pre-S2Ag titers/HBsAg titers tended to be high in patients with chronic active hepatitis and high serum GPT levels compared to patients with chronic inactive hepatitis. This may be explained by the release of Pre-S2Ag in the liver. In addition, all patients positive for Pre-S2Ag on the membrane of hepatocytes had chronic active hepatitis. The overproduction of Pre-S2-containing surface proteins in the liver may have some implication related to cell injury via the immune response to Pre-S2Ag etc. Pre-S2Ab was detected only in few cases of chronic HBV infected patients. The lack of immune response to Pre-S2 region may play a role in the persistence of HBV infection.