彩色多普勒超声对缺血性视乳头病变早期血流动力学的研究

目的:探讨缺血性视乳头病变早期患者眼血流动力学变化。材料和方法:应用彩色多普勒血流成像(CDFI)技术检测40例患者与36例健康志愿者眼动脉、视网膜中央动脉、睫状后动脉收缩峰值速度(PSV)、舒张末期流速(EDV)、阻力指数(RI)及视网膜中央静脉最大流速(Vmax)。结果:与正常组比较,患者组眼动脉PSV无显著差异(P>0．05), EDV减低、RI增高(P<0．05);视网膜中央动脉PSV、EDV减低,RI增加(P<0．05);睫状后动脉PSV、EDV明显减低, RI明显增加(P<0．01);视网膜中央静脉Vmax减低(P<0．05)。结论:CDFI可评估缺血性视乳头病变早期眼血流动力学变化,为临床提供诊断信息。     

Retrobulbar ocular blood flow and choroidal vascular changes in patients recovering from COVID-19 infection

BackgroundTo evaluate the effects of COVID-19 infection on the ocular vascular structure including choroidal thickness and retrobulbar blood flow values in comparison with healthy subjects.MethodsNinety eyes of 90 patients were included in this study. Participants were divided into Group 1 (n = 30) with mild COVID-19 infection, Group 2 (n = 31) with moderate disease, and Group 3 with age- and sex-matched healthy subjects (n = 29). Choroidal thickness was measured at the subfoveal area and at 500-µm intervals nasal and temporal to the fovea up to a distance of 1500 µm, using the enhanced depth imaging (EDI) technique of spectral coherence tomography (SD-OCT). The peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV), resistive index (RI), and pulsatility index (PI) values of the central retinal artery (CRA) and ophthalmic artery (OA) were evaluated with color Doppler ultrasonography (CDU).ResultsThe choroidal thickness was significantly thinner in Group 1 and Group 2 than in Group 3 at all measurement points (p <0.001). This difference was not present between Group 1 and Group 2 who had COVID-19 disease of different severity (p>0.05).Among the retrobulbar blood flow parameters, OA PSV value was significantly lower in Group 1 and Group 2 compared to Group 3 (p = 0.025, p = 0.016, respectively). However, the CRA PSV and EDV and OA EDV values, and the CRA and OA PI and RI values were not statistically different between the groups (p> 0.05).ConclusionCOVID-19 infection may predispose patients to ocular vascular pathologies by affecting both choroidal and retrobulbar blood flow.     

Role of flowmetric analysis and of color-Doppler ultrasonography with contrast media in the different phases and follow-up of Graves' disease]

PURPOSE: The objectives of this study were: 1) to evaluate the role of color-Doppler ultrasonography (CDU) assessment of thyroid vascularity, measuring the peak systolic velocity (PSV) at the level of the inferior thyroid artery, and the intrathyroid vascularization in Graves' diseas; 2) to evaluate the role of contrast agent administration in predicting the relapse of hyperthyroidism or the biological activity of the disease after withdrawal of antithyroid drugs. PATIENTS AND METHOD: The study included 74 Graves' patients (59 F/ 15 M; mean age 45 years; range 23-71). Graves' disease was diagnosed according to the usual clinical and laboratory criteria. On the basis of the clinical and biochemical findings we divided Graves' patients into 4 different groups. Treatment was continued for at least 12 months, CDU examination was carried out after discontinuing therapy. Eight patients showed a relapse of hyperthyroidism within 5 months after suspension of therapy. In all cases the evaluation of intraparenchymal vascularization and PSV at the level of the inferior thyroid artery in basal conditions was followed by administration of contrast agent (Levovist, 300 mg/ml), with slow infusion (<2 ml/min) to avoid blooming artifact. Intraparenchymal vascularization was classified into 4 patterns according to Vitti et al. RESULTS: The value of the peak systolic velocity (PSV) at the level of the inferior thyroid artery was the best predictor of relapse. A value higher than 40 cm/sec was present in all the patients that showed relapse and only in two patients with stable remission. Administration of contrast agent is important to evaluate the biological activity of the disease. In the 5 patients exhibiting slightly increased vascularization after contrast agent administration we could assume the clinico-pathological recovery. CONCLUSIONS: CDU study of thyroid vascularization, based on the measurement of PSV at the level of the inferior thyroid artery and on the response to contrast agent administration is useful to distinguish three groups of patients: A) PSV >40 cm/sec with pattern III for at least 10 minutes from the beginning of the contrast agent administration (High risk of relapse); B) PSV <40 cm/sec with pattern II or III after contrast agent administration (Biological activity of the disease-Thyroiditis); C) PSV <40 cm/sec with Pattern I after contrast agent administration (Poor biological activity of the disease-recovery).     

彩色多普勒对视网膜脱离血液动力学研究

目的 :利用彩色多普勒技术评价视网膜脱离 (RD)患者球后血流动力学变化。方法 :视网膜脱离患者 3 5例 ,55只眼。对照组 2 6例 ,51只眼。彩色多普勒超声指导下 ,采用脉冲多普勒超声检测眼动脉 (OA)、视网膜中央动脉 (CRA)、睫状后动脉(PCA)收缩期 (PSV)、舒张期 (ESV)、平均血流速度 (AV)及阻力指数 (RI)、搏动指数 (PI)。结果 :RD与对照组的OA血流速度无明显差异 (P >0 .0 5) ;CRA、PCA的PSV、EDV、AV血流速度均减低 (P <0 .0 5) ;PI、RI值无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5)。结论 :视网膜脱离的血流动力学的变化直接影响到视网膜的微循环状态。彩色多普勒超声可正确评估球后血流灌注情况与病变的关系 ,较传统的荧光血管造影法更为直接和敏感 ,为视网膜脱离的基础研究及药物辅助治疗提供了重要的依据     

Variability of ultrasonography velocity assessment of the carotid arteries

PURPOSE: To assess the intraobserver variability of echoDoppler sonographic measurement of various carotid arteries parameters. Materials and methods: Repeated bilateral carotid examinations were performed in ten healthy subjects, using three color-coded duplex ultrasound systems (two Acuson 128 XP, one ATL HDI 3000) and different linear probes. Each examination included two successive sets of measurements. RESULTS: The resistive index values decreased from the proximal common carotid artery to the distal common carotid artery (p <10(-7)). According to the set of measurements and to the equipments considered, the range of mean absolute differences of the systolic peak velocity (PSV), the end diastolic velocity (EDV) values, the ICA/CCA PSV and PSV/EDV velocity ratios and the resistive index (RI) values were 8-16cm/s, 3-6cm/s, 0.08-0,15 and 0. 16-0.26, and 0.02-0.06 respectively. Standard deviations of the proportional differences of the RI and PSV measurements averaged respectively 6% and 15% and were always reduced by repeating the measurements. The use of similar ultrasound machines was not associated with a reduced variability. CONCLUSION: The substantial variability of Doppler measurements in carotid arteries, even with the use of the same operator and similar machines could be reduced using "angle independent" parameters.     

Doppler ultrasonography findings in ocular Behçet's disease

The aim of this prospective study was to determine and compare the orbital Doppler ultrasonography parameters of patients with Behçet's disease (with or without ocular involvement) with those of healthy subjects. We evaluated ophthalmic artery (OA), central retinal artery, posterior ciliary artery (PCA), central retinal vein, and superior ophthalmic vein (SOV) flow velocities and resistance indices (RIs). Detection of the decreased flow velocities in the OA and SOV and the increased RI in the OA and PCA might allow the identification of active period of patients with Behçet's disease.     

Study of normal Chinese vertebral-basilar arteries with transcranial color Doppler flow imaging

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the blood flow characteristics of intracranial vertebral-basilar artery (V-BA) in healthy Chinese adults with transcranial color Doppler flow imaging (TCDFI) and provide reference values of healthy people of different ages and genders. METHODS: Three hundred healthy Chinese adults were divided into three groups based on their ages: Group I: 20-39 years, Group II: 40-59 years, Group III: >/=60 years. Each group was subdivided into two subgroups according to their gender. Peak systolic velocity (Ps), end-diastolic velocity (Vd), time average maximum velocity (TAMAX), pulsatility index (PI), and resistance index (RI) were measured from intracranial V-BA scanning. RESULTS: Ps, Vd, and TAMAX decreased with age, while PI and RI increased in all groups. Flow velocity in women was slightly higher than that of men, and there was significant differences in group III between men and women (P<.05). However, no difference was found in the flow parameters between left and right vertebral arteries. CONCLUSIONS: This study offered reference values of intracranial V-BA flow parameters in healthy Chinese adults and indicated that these parameters varied with age and gender.     

彩色多普勒超声对糖尿病眼底微循环障碍及其慢性并发症评估的临床意义

目的:探讨彩色多普勒超声对2型糖尿病患者视网膜及脉络膜的微循环改变评估的临床意义。方法:将我院2型糖尿病患者分为糖尿病不伴视网膜病变组(NDR组)、非增殖性视网膜病变组(NPR组)、增殖性视网膜病变组(PR组)和对照组。应用彩色多普勒和脉冲多普勒成像技术对视网膜睫状后短动脉(PCA)、中央动脉(CRA)的血流动力学情况进行监测,同时检测其空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白等生化指标。结果:NDR组动脉频谱呈S1、S2、S3三峰双切迹,NPR组和PR组为S峰降低,波形圆钝呈半圆形,D峰低平、宽大;4组间CRA的收缩期峰值流速(PSV)、舒张末期血流速度(EDV)和RI差异有统计学意义(F=13.21,11.34,9.85,P<0.05);CRA的PSV、EDV与空腹血糖(FBG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、胰岛素抵抗指数、24h尿蛋白呈正相关关系,CRA的RI与FBG、HbA1c、胰岛素抵抗指数、24h尿蛋白呈负相关关系(P<0.05)。结论:CDFI能监测眼底血流动力学参数的变化,评价眼底微循环的变化,早期发现糖尿病眼底病变。     

超声测定子宫弓状动脉收缩期峰值流速 阻力指数 搏动指数对前置胎盘伴植入的诊断价值

目的探究超声测定子宫弓状动脉收缩期峰值流速(PSV)、阻力指数(RI)、搏动指数(PI)对前置胎盘伴植入的诊断价值。方法将2016年7月至2019年5月我院收治的晚孕期前置胎盘孕妇58例纳为研究对象,以分娩时胎盘诊断结果分组,38例前置胎盘伴植入产妇纳入前置胎盘伴植入组,20例前置胎盘孕妇纳入前置胎盘组。2组产妇均进行腹部超声测定子宫弓状动脉PSV、RI、PI指标,对比2组检测结果,并对结果进行ROC曲线分析其诊断价值。结果前置胎盘伴植入组孕妇PSV、RI、PI指标均高于前置胎盘组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);PSV诊断前置胎盘伴植入的曲线下面积为0.864,最佳截断值为36.36 cm/s时,可以获得最佳诊断效能,对应的特异度、灵敏度分别为0.974、0.600,约登指数为0.574,诊断价值相对理想。RI、PI指标AUC、敏感度、特异度相对较小,诊断价值相比较低。结论超声测定子宫弓状动脉PSV对前置胎盘伴植入的诊断价值较大,可以作为临床诊断前置胎盘伴植入的参考依据。     

糖尿病眼底动脉血流动力学的彩色多普勒超声研究

目的:探讨糖尿病眼底血流动力学的变化。方法:彩色多普勒超声检测糖尿病患者67例和正常对照者40例的视网膜中央动脉(central retinal artery,CRA)、睫状后动脉(posterior ciliary artery,PCA)的收缩期血流峰值速度(PSV)、舒张末期血流速度(EDV)、阻力指数(RI),分析糖尿病视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy DR)和糖尿病不伴视网膜病变(non-diabet-ic retinopathy,NDR)时其血流动力学的改变以及正常人不同年龄组血流参数的变化规律。结果:正常人不同年龄组间的PSV差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);不同年龄组间EDV、RI差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。与对照组相比较,糖尿病患者PCA、CRA的血流速度减低,阻力指数增高,差异有显著性意义;且在无视网膜病变时不仅CRA而且PCA也存在血流动力学的异常。结论:彩色多普勒超声对糖尿病眼底动脉血流动力学变化的显示具有较高临床价值。     

Changes in cerebral and ocular hemodynamics in Behçet's disease assessed by color-coded duplex sonography

AimTo quantify the cerebral and retrobulbar hemodynamics in Behçet's disease with and without ocular involvement and compared with that of healthy controls.Materials and methodsOf 51 people studied, 17 had Behçet's disease with ocular involvement, 17 had Behçet's disease without ocular involvement, and 17 were healthy controls. A single eye was examined in each patient. Peak systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV), time-averaged maximum velocity (Tamax), and resistance index (RI) were evaluated in the ophthalmic (OA), posterior ciliary (PCA), central retinal (CRA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA). Additionally, the average blood flow velocities in the central retinal vein (CRV), and acceleration time (AT) and pulsatility index (PI) in the MCA were calculated.ResultsThe mean EDV in the PCA was 25% lower and RI was higher in patients with ocular involvement of BD than in patients without involvement (p = 0.006 and p = 0.005, respectively) and in healthy controls (p = 0.003 and p = 0.004, respectively). Differences were smaller in comparisons of the CRA and absent on comparisons of the OA and MCA. The acceleration time of the MCA was significantly higher in patients with Behçet's disease than in healthy controls (p = 0.03).ConclusionThis study suggests that the flow hemodynamics in retrobulbar circulation has more altered Behçet's disease with ocular involvement than without ocular involvement and healthy control. Additionally, the cerebral hemodynamic might be affected in patients with Behçet's disease compared with healthy controls.     

Colour Doppler ultrasound evaluation of orbital vessels in diabetic retinopathy

The aim of this study was to determine the role of colour Doppler imaging in the retrobulbar vascular circulation in diabetic retinopathy (DR). Maximum (V(max)), end-diastolic (V(min)) and average (V(mean)) velocities of blood flows and pulsatility index and resistivity index (RI) in central retinal artery (CRA), short branches of posterior ciliary artery (PCA) and ophthalmic artery of the 65 diabetic and 22 control eyes were measured. The CRA V(max) level in the control group was significantly higher than in DR groups. The CRA V(mean) level was also significantly higher in the control group than in the mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and the moderate NPDR groups. The CRA RI value was significantly higher in the control group than in the nonretinopathy group. The CRA V(min) and the ophthalmic artery RI values were found significantly higher in the nonretinopathy group than in the moderate NPDR group. There were significant decreases in the some CRA and PCA values as glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels increase in diabetic group. There was a positive correlation between the duration of diabetes and HbA1c levels. This study showed the presence of some dynamic circulatory alterations in the nonretinopathy group with diabetes and DR groups. It was also shown that there is a negative correlation between HbA1c and some orbital vascular velocities.     

运动过程中人肾脏血流动力学超声特点

目的：探究在运动过程中人肾脏血流动力学的改变。方法选取我军某部216名战士进行5公里越野训练,作为实验组;同时选取60名平静状态下的战士作为对照组。应用彩色多普勒超声仪检查2组受检者的肾脏血流灌注情况及肾脏各级动脉血流动力学参数,包括收缩期峰值血流速度（PSV）、舒张末期血流速度（EDV ）、血管阻力指数（RI）、血管搏动指数（PI）。结果实验组肾主动脉、段动脉、叶间动脉的PSV、RI、PI均较对照组减低,具有统计学意义。结论超声检查可以反映运动条件下人三级肾动脉的血流动力学改变,可为研究人体运动所引起的血流动力学的变化及其与肾功能方面的关系。     

甲亢突眼征眼部动脉血流频谱特征和血流动力学研究

目的:探讨甲亢突眼征眼部动脉血流频谱特征和血流参数变化的规律,及与眼轴、眼压等的关系。方法:应用彩色多普勒超声诊断仪对甲亢突眼征患者(31例,62只眼)和正常人(25例,50只眼)的眼动脉(OA)、睫状后短动脉(SPCA)、视网膜中央动脉(CRA)的收缩期峰值流速(PSV)、舒张期最小流速(EDV)和阻力指数(RI)以及眼轴等进行检测。结果:①6项超声指标中,甲亢突眼组与正常对照组比较,眼轴、球横径无显著性差异(P>0.05);球尖距、球后软组织周长、球后软组织面积及球后软组织体积差异显著(P<0.05或<0.01)。②甲亢突眼征眼部动脉频谱形态OA第一峰高尖,第二峰降低圆钝,甚至出现两峰融合,峰时延长、后移;SPCA第一峰增高且宽大,第二、三波峰圆钝,峰时后移;CRA第一峰上升速度明显加快,波峰较高,而第二峰峰时延长、后移。③眼部血流动力学变化特点为:甲亢突眼组与正常对照组比较OA、SPCA和CRA的PSV均明显增高(P<0.01),EDV和RI有显著性差异(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论:甲亢突眼征眼部血流频谱形态特征、血流动力学参数和球尖距、球后软组织周长、球后软组织面积及球后软组织体积发生改变。     

Value of color Doppler ultrasonography in the evaluation of orbital vascular flow in end-stage renal disease patients undergoing hemodialysis

Purpose: To evaluate choroidal and retinal vascular flow dynamics by means of color Doppler ultrasonography in patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis and to compare these findings with healthy controls. Material and Methods: Color Doppler ultrasonography and spectral analysis of nasal and temporal posterior ciliary and central retinal artery flow of both eyes were performed in 20 patients (40 eyes) and 22 controls (44 eyes) to assess peak systolic flow velocity, end-diastolic flow velocity, and resistive indices (RI). Patients with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and any cardiac pathology were not included in the study. A general ophthalmologic examination was performed in all patients and controls. Results: The average peak-systolic and end-diastolic blood flow velocities of nasal (12.88±4.91/6.88±3.26) and temporal (15.22±9.59/6.41±3.97) posterior ciliary artery and central retinal artery (14.94±8.38/6.7±4.13) in patients were significantly higher than the corresponding values of the controls. The RI values of nasal (0.52±0.10) and temporal (0.58±0.12) posterior ciliary artery and central retinal artery (0.55±0.11) in patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis were significantly lower than in the controls. Conclusion: Choroidal and retinal blood flow velocities are higher and RI values for all three vessels lower in patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis compared to healthy controls. These alterations may be related to either increased choroidal blood flow or vasoconstriction of the proximal vessels.     

A prospective study of three diagnostic sonographic methods in differentiation between benign and malignant salivary gland tumours

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of three diagnostic sonographic methods, greyscale sonography (GSS), colour Doppler sonography (CDS) and spectral Doppler (SPD), in differentiating between benign and malignant salivary gland (SG) tumours.

Methods

44 patients with SG masses were examined using GSS, CDS and SPD. The morphological features of each tumour were evaluated using GSS, the distribution and number of detected blood vessels were assessed using CDS, and peak systolic velocity (PSV), resistive index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) were measured on SPD. All cases underwent excisional biopsy and a definite tissue diagnosis was obtained.

Results

Histopathological examination revealed that 28 of the 44 tumours were benign and 16 were malignant. GSS showed that malignant SG tumours had a significantly higher incidence of ill-defined borders and lymph node involvement than benign tumours, but there was no significant difference between benign and malignant SG tumours regarding echogenicity, homogeneity or sonographic shape. CDS demonstrated malignant tumours with significantly higher vascularity and a scattered distribution. Using SPD, malignant tumours had significantly higher PSV, RI and PI compared with benign tumours.

Conclusion

RI values above 0.7, PI values above 1.2, PSV values above 44.3 cm s^–1, ill-defined borders, lymph node involvement, Grade 2 or 3 vascularity and hilar distribution of blood vessels should alert the clinician to suspect a malignant SG tumour. After consensus on the threshold values of PSV, RI and PI in differentiating benign from malignant SG tumours, these numbers should be incorporated into the software of ultrasound machines to guide the sonographer in his or her analysis.     

经阴道彩色多普勒超声评价药物治疗输卵管妊娠的价值

目的:探讨经阴道彩色多普勒超声(TVCDFI)评价药物保守治疗输卵管妊娠的价值。方法:应用TVCDFI观察中西医结合保守治疗输卵管妊娠30例,患者治疗前及治疗后1周、2周、1月行阴道超声检查,并记录输卵管妊娠包块的二维声像图特征及多普勒血流动力学参数。结果:输卵管妊娠包块治疗前血流信号丰富,治疗后血流信号逐渐减少,差异具有显著性意义(P<0.005)。治疗1月后附件区包块收缩期峰值流速及舒张末期流速较治疗前明显减慢,P<0.001。治疗2周及1月后附件区包块阻力指数较治疗前明显升高,P<0.001。结论:输卵管妊娠包块大小、血流信号的丰富程度、血流流速的降低及阻力指数的增高以及盆腔积液量的多少是疗效评价客观的、有价值的指标。TVCDFI评价输卵管妊娠疗效有临床推广价值。     

超声对颈动脉内膜剥除前、后颅内外血流动力学变化的评价

目的:探讨彩色多普勒血流成像(CDFI)和经颅彩色多普勒血流成像(TCCDFI)评价颈动脉内膜剥除术(CEA)治疗前、后患者颅内外动脉血流动力学的变化。方法:用CDFI和TCCDFI分别对23例颅外段颈内动脉(EICA)狭窄患者CEA治疗前、后狭窄局部管径、收缩期峰值流速(PSV)及同侧大脑中动脉(MCA)、眼动脉(OA)CEA治疗前、后PSV、搏动指数(PI)和颅内侧支循环的建立情况进行分析。结果:EICA狭窄患者CEA术后原狭窄处内径、PVS及患侧MCA、OA的PSV、PI恢复正常,侧支循环关闭。结论:CDFI与TCCDFI结合可评价颈动脉狭窄患者行CEA治疗前、后颅内外动脉的血流动力学变化,对判断CEA的疗效具有重要的临床价值。     

经阴道彩色多普勒对生育期子宫血流的研究

目的　建立生育期子宫各段动脉血流参数的正常参考值范围。方法　应用经阴道彩色多普勒超声观察 66例正常生育期子宫动脉 (UTA)、弓状动脉 (AA)、放射动脉 (RA)、螺旋动脉 (SA)的收缩期峰值流速 (PSV)、舒张末期流速 (EDV)、搏动指数 (PI)、阻力指数 (RI)和收缩 /舒张末流速比 (S/D) ,并进行统计分析。结果　生育期子宫各段动脉均能良好地显示 ,从子宫动脉到螺旋动脉各血流参数呈不同程度的降低 ;在月经周期中 ,螺旋动脉于分泌期呈低阻高流速的改变最为显著。结论　生育期子宫血流动力学参数的改变与月经的周期性变化密切相关 ;通过测定螺旋动脉阻力指数 ,可预测月经周期的时相     

多囊卵巢综合征两种B超途径的诊断价值比较

 目的 观察并对比多囊卵巢综合征(polycystic ovarian syndrome, PCOS) 在经腹超声(transabdominal ultrasonography, TAUS) 和经阴道超声(transvaginal ultrasonography, TVUS) 下的形态学特点,寻找客观实用的PCOS超声诊断指标和方法。方法 采用TAUS和TVUS对50例PCOS患者(PCOS组)和50例正常育龄妇女(对照组)进行卵巢形态学的观察与测量, 分别测量计算卵泡数(NF)、卵巢体积(OV)、卵巢间质面积(SA)、卵巢总面积(TA)及SA/ TA 比值,采用多普勒技术探查测量卵巢血流动力学参数,包括卵巢间质动脉搏动指数(PI)、 阻力指数(RI)及峰值血流速度(PSV),比较PCOS组及对照组的诊断结果,并将PCOS组TAUS、TVUS的检查结果比较。结果 PCOS组NF、OV、SA、TA和SA/ TA较对照组高,卵巢间质小动脉RI、PI较对照组低,PSV较对照组高。PCOS组TVUS的NF明显多于TAUS,OV及可显示最小卵泡直径明显小于TAUS,漏诊率(2.0%)低于TAUS(22.0%),差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论 NF、OV、SA、TA、SA/TA 比值、PI、RI、PSV的测量及计算在PCOS 的诊断中具有非常重要的价值,TVUS漏诊率低于TAUS。