阿坝州人民医院101株结核分枝杆菌耐药情况分析

目的 通过药敏实验,探讨马尔康地区藏族肺结核患者的结核分枝杆菌对抗结核药物的敏感性和耐药性情况,指导临床制定合理的化疗方案.方法 采用绝对浓度间接法检测101株结核分枝杆菌对五种抗结核药物:异烟肼(INH,H)1μg/ml和10μ g/ml,利福平(RFP,R)50μg/ml和250μg/ml,链霉素(SM,S)10μg/ml和20μg/ml,乙胺丁醇(EMB,E)5μg/ml和50μg/ml,氧氟沙星(OFLX,O)5μg/ml和50μg/ml的敏感性.药物依赖判定:在含抗结核药物的培养基上生长旺盛程度和菌量,高浓度药物培养基≥低浓度药物培养基≥对照培养基.结果 101株结核分枝杆菌总耐药率为50.50%,初治耐药率为45.46%,其中耐多药(含 H和R)耐药率22.22%;复治耐药率为72.72%,其中耐多药(含H和R)耐药率45.45%.结论 马尔康地区属高耐药区,应加强结核菌的耐药监测,强化用药及严格管理,预防控制耐药菌株的传播.     

rpoB基因不同突变位点结核分枝杆菌利福平体外最小抑菌浓度的变化

目的 探讨rpoB基因不同突变位点结核分枝杆菌利福平体外最小抑菌浓度(MIC)的变化.方法 收集人型的结核分枝杆菌菌株103株,利用基因芯片法筛选rpoB耐药突变基因菌株.采用绝对浓度法对所有菌株进行不同浓度的利福平药敏试验,观察不同菌株对利福平的MIC.结果 基因芯片共分离出55株rpoB突变株,48株非突变株.突变株MIC值为(459.6±205.8)μg/ml,高于非突变株的(5.0±4.5)μg/ml(P ＜0.05).55株rpoB突变株中突变位点分别为531(C→T)、526(C→G/T)和516(A→G/T),531(C→T)位点突变株的MIC值为(576.0±29.3)μg/ml,均高于516(A→G/T)的(432.9±38.2) μg/ml和526(C→G/T)的(355.5±59.5) μg/ml(P＜0.05),但526(C→G/T)、516(A→G/T)位点突变株的MIC比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 基因芯片检测结核分枝杆菌rpoB基因突变株与其耐药表型相关性较高.不同突变位点的结核杆分枝菌菌株对利福平的耐药程度有差异,可为临床合理用药提供参考.     

80株结核分枝杆菌临床分离株耐药性特点

目的 分析结核分枝杆菌临床分离株对5种抗结核药物的药物敏感性。方法用改良罗氏培养法测定结核分枝杆菌临床分离株的耐药性（MIC）、耐药率。结果80株结核分枝杆菌临床分离株对INH、RFP、EMB、SM和LVFX的平均MIC分别为9．7μg／mL、30．1μg／mL、16．4μg／mL、38．7μg／mL和0．9μg／mL;耐药率分别是67．2％、35．0％、53．8％、63．8％和16．3％。总耐药率为83．75％;耐单药率为17．5％;耐多药率为66.3％;耐多药株占总耐药株的79．1％。结论80株结核分枝杆菌临床分离株耐药率和耐多药率都较高,结核病的防治将面临更大的困难。     

结核分枝杆菌实验室药敏结果的分析

目的通过对166株结核分枝杆菌药敏试验结果分析,得出依赖利福平药物的菌株发生率及特点。方法采用绝对浓度间接法对166株结核分枝杆菌进行6种药物的敏感性试验,药物依赖判定：在含有结核药物的培养基上生长旺盛程度和菌量,高浓度药物培养基≥低浓度培养基≥对照培养基。结果166株结核分枝杆菌中耐药菌110株,其中INH、5M、RFP在6种药物中耐药比例较高,而RFP最高(49．4％);166株结核分枝杆菌共检出依赖菌26株(15．7％)。结论药物依赖现象多发生自耐多药菌株。     

结核分枝杆菌北京基因型菌株与耐药表型的关系

目的 研究我国结核分枝杆菌北京基因型菌株的分布以及与耐药表型的关系.方法 2008年4～12月从我国6个区域收集痰涂片阳性的结核病患者的临床分离株,每一患者的一份分离株经生化方法鉴定为结核分枝杆菌复合群.收集患者的性别、年龄、病史、菌株耐药谱和菌株来源资料.药物敏感性实验采用比例法.运用间隔区寡核苷酸分型方法或基因dnaA-dnaN之间插入序列136110鉴定北京基因型菌株.结果 在410份结核分枝杆菌分离株中,67.1%(275/410)的分离株属于北京基因型菌株,东北部区域感染北京基因型菌株患者的比例高于中西部区域(χ2=20.50,P=0.000).患者的年龄、性别和治疗史与感染北京基因型菌株无关.在耐多药菌株和耐利福平菌株中,北京基因型菌株的比例显著高于非北京基因型(P=0.002,P=0.005).结论 患者的年龄、性别和治疗史与感染北京基因型菌株无关,东北部区域北京基因型菌株分布比例显著高于中西部区域.北京基因型菌株与利福平耐药和耐多药有关.     

四川地区隐球菌临床分离株基因型和耐药性分析

目的 了解四川地区隐球菌临床分离株基因分型及体外临床常用抗真菌药物敏感性情况.方法 采用针对URA5基因PCR产物的限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)方法对收集自我校华西医院的92株隐球菌临床分离株进行基因分型;采用E-test法检测临床常用抗真菌药物两性霉素B(AMB)、氟胞嘧啶(FC)、氟康唑(FCA)、伊曲康唑(ITR)和伏立康唑(VRC)对隐球菌分离株的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)范围,并计算其MIC50、MIC90.结果 92株隐球菌中,91株为新生隐球菌VN Ⅰ型,1株为格特隐球菌VGⅡ型.5种抗真菌药物对92株隐球菌临床株的MIC值范围、MIC50、MIC90值分别如下:两性霉素B为＜0.002～2 μg/mL0.19 μg/mL和0.75 μg/mL;氟胞嘧啶为0.5～＞32 μg/mL、4μtg/mL和8 μg/mL;氟康唑为0.5～32 μg/mL、3 μg/mL和8 μg/mL;伊曲康唑为0.064～2 μg/mL、0.5 μg/mL和1.5 μg/mL;伏立康唑为0.004～0.19 μg/mL、0.047 μg/mL和0.094 μg/mL.其中3株(3.3％)对两性霉素B耐药,4株(4.3％)对氟胞嘧啶耐药,25株(27.2％)对伊曲康唑耐药,未发现对氟康唑耐药的菌株,所有菌株对伏立康唑敏感.格特隐球菌(1株)对氟胞嘧啶耐药,对氟康唑剂量依赖敏感.不同时间段隐球菌对5种抗真菌药物的MIC值比较,差异均具有统计学意义.随时间推移,两性霉素B及氟胞嘧啶的MIC值有所升高,唑类药物MIC值变化无规律.结论 四川地区隐球菌以新生隐球菌VN Ⅰ型为主,存在格特隐球菌VGⅡ型.除伊曲康唑外,隐球菌对其他抗真菌药物敏感性高,仅少数菌株对两性霉素B及氟胞嘧啶耐药.     

结核分枝杆菌耐利福平株rpoB基因突变的研究

目的了解遵义地区结核分枝杆菌耐利福平临床分离株rpoB基因突变特点.方法采用比例法对肺结核患者痰标本分离的127株结核分枝杆菌进行药物敏感性试验,并对结核分枝杆菌耐利福平rpoB基因包括耐药决定区81个碱基在内的412bp片段进行PCR扩增及序列测定.结果127株结核分枝杆菌临床分离株中49株对利福平耐药,78株对利福平敏感.49株耐利福平临床分离株中,31株rpoB基因存在突变(63.3%),突变位点为531、526和516等;511位点CTG→CAG(Leu→Pro)为新的突变位点;4株双位点联合突变,其中2例为新的联合突变:GAC516GGC,ATC572CTC和CTG511CAG,CAC526AAC.结论结核分枝杆菌耐利福平与rpoB基因突变相关,且存在地区差异.     

广西百色地区结核分枝杆菌利福平耐药基因rpoB的突变特征分析

目的分析百色地区结核分枝杆菌(MTB)利福平耐药相关基因rpoB的突变特征。方法收集128例结核病患者痰液标本,采用改良罗氏培养基分离培养结核分枝杆菌,绝对浓度法检测利福平耐药性,PCR技术检测耐药结核分枝杆菌rpoB基因序列并测序分析利福平耐药相关基因rpoB的突变特征。结果分离培养获得98例MTB,98例MTB出现36株利福平耐药,耐药率为36.73%,36株耐利福平菌株中有27株rpoB基因发生突变,基因突变率为75.00%,其中516位点突变率为3.70%(1/27),531位点突变率为59.26%(16/27),526位点突变率为29.63%(8/27),533位点突变率为7.41%(2/27)。突变热点依次为rpoB531、rpoB526和rpoB533。结论百色地区耐利福平结核分枝杆菌耐药性产生的主要分子机制是因为rpoB的基因发生突变。     

肺结核患者结核分枝杆菌利福平基因突变特征及耐药情况

目的 探讨肺结核患者当中的结核分枝杆菌利福平基因发生突变的特征,同时分析其耐药情况,为耐药结核病的预防和治疗提供科学依据。 方法 选取2016年6月—2018年12月杭州师范大学附属医院收治的肺结核患者532例,依据其痰液中的结核分枝杆菌耐药性分为耐药株(218株)及敏感株(314株)。测定2组菌株的rpoB基因序列及最低抑菌浓度(MIC)值水平。 结果 218株耐药菌株中180株为单重突变耐药菌株,rpoB基因结构分析发现,发生比率最高的突变密码子分别为526位(13.2%)、531位(74.4%)。206株(94.5%)耐药菌株出现至少1个突变位点,且均位于耐利福平决定区(RRDR),12株(5.5%)耐药菌株突变位点在RRDR之外。有4株耐药菌株在RRDR之内发生同义突变,4株耐药菌株在RRDR之外发生同义突变。H37Rv密码子未发生任何突变。有8株敏感菌株发生同义突变在RRDR之外。单重突变菌株的RIF平均MIC值水平为(47.34±2.04)μg/mL,显著低于多种突变菌株平均MIC值水平[(118.24±3.95)μg/mL,t=107.636,P<0.001]。526单密码子平均MIC值水平与531单密码子突变菌株的MIC值水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。多重密码子突变菌株的MIC值水平为(116.03±5.06)μg/mL高于单重密码子平均MIC值水平[(47.08±1.31)μg/mL,t=85.530,P<0.001]。 结论 利福平耐药性机制可能与rpoB基因的起始端531位、526位等突变相关,rpoB基因序列可用于预测结核分枝杆菌中的利福平耐药情况及表型。      

穿心莲提取物对结核分枝杆菌的体外抑菌作用研究

目的：探讨穿心莲提取物对结核分枝杆菌的体外抑菌活性。方法：采用噬菌体生物扩增法检测穿心莲提取物对结核分枝杆菌标准株和112株临床分离株的抑菌作用。结果：以细菌接种量为10-3mg/mL,药物浓度100μg/mL、37℃作用48h为药敏试验条件。经噬菌体法测定穿心莲提取物对三株结核分枝杆菌标准株均具有抑菌作用,对112株结核分枝杆菌临床分离株中70%（35/50）的耐药菌和100%（62/62）的敏感株具有抑菌作用。结论：穿心莲在试管内对分枝杆菌的作用随着其浓度高低而不同：100ug/mL穿心莲提取物不仅对敏感菌株具有抑菌作用,对耐药菌株也同样具有抑菌作用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.