p53和血管内皮生长因子表达与胃癌血管生成的关系

目的 :探讨p5 3和血管内皮生长因子表达与胃癌血管生成的关系。方法 :应用免疫组织化学方法检测 76例胃癌组织的p5 3蛋白、血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF)与微血管密度 (MVD)表达 ,分析p5 3蛋白、VEGF及MVD表达与临床病理指标之间的关系。结果 :胃癌组织p5 3蛋白与VEGF阳性表达率分别为 4 2 1% (32 76)和 38 2 % (2 9 76) ,MVD平均计数为 36 6± 17 2 ( x±s) ;p5 3、VEGF、MVD表达与肿瘤浸润深度 (P <0 0 5 ,P <0 .0 1,P <0 .0 5 )、淋巴结转移 (P <0 0 1,P <0 0 5 ,P <0 0 1)和远处转移 (P <0 0 1,P <0 0 1,P <0 0 1)密切相关 ;p5 3蛋白与VEGF表达密切相关 (χ2 =35 3916,P <0 0 1,P <0 0 1)。结论 :VEGF与MVD表达是反映胃癌生物学行为的重要标志 ,p5 3表达可能通过上调VEGF而促进胃癌血管生成     

环氧合酶-2对胃癌血管内皮生长因子及血管形成的影响

 目的　探讨环氧合酶 2 (COX 2 )对胃癌血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF)的表达及血管生成的影响。方法　应用免疫组织化学技术检测胃癌组织中COX 2 ,VEGF表达和微血管密度 (MVD)。结果　COX 2在62 .2 %胃癌组织中表达增高 ,COX 2表达与VEGF表达显著相关 (γS=0 .5 85 ,P <0 .0 1 ) ,且COX 2和VEGF均阳性的胃癌组织MVD(64.0± 2 5 .4)亦明显高于两者均阴性者 (3 0 .7± 1 1 .5 ) (P <0 .0 1 )。结论　胃癌组织中存在COX 2的高表达 ,COX 2通过增加VEGF表达而促进肿瘤血管形成     

肝细胞肝癌中VEGF、p53、mdm2蛋白表达及其相互关系

目的　研究肝细胞肝癌 (HCC) VEGF、p5 3、m dm2蛋白表达及其相互关系。方法　用免疫组化 S- P法或SAP法检测 HCC组织 VEGF、mdm2和 p5 3蛋白表达 ,计数微血管密度 (MVD) ,并与临床病理指标比较分析。结果　 72例 HCC中 VEGF、p5 3、mdm2蛋白阳性表达分别为 6 2 .5 %、4 1.6 %和 33.3% ;VEGF和 p5 3,VEGF和 m dm2 ,mdm2和 p5 3蛋白表达有相关性 (P<0 .0 5 )。 2 5例癌旁组织中 VEGF蛋白阳性表达为 2 0 .0 % ,m dm2蛋白阳性表达为 8.0 % ,p5 3蛋白阳性表达为 8.0 %。肝癌组织和癌旁组织 VEGF、m dm2和 p5 3蛋白表达差异有显著性 (P<0 .0 5 )。 10例正常肝组织无 VEGF、mdm2和 p5 3蛋白表达。 HCC组织中 VEGF、p5 3、mdm2蛋白阳性表达以及高MVD与血管侵犯和转移倾向明显相关 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论　 HCC组织中 VEGF、p5 3、mdm2蛋白过表达。p5 3突变和mdm2蛋白过表达 ,是 VEGF表达上调的原因之一 ,并与 HCC组织中血管侵犯和转移倾向有关     

肝细胞癌凋亡抑制蛋白bcl-2和bcl-xl与VEGF、bFGF及血管生成的关系

目的 :探讨原发性肝细胞癌 (HCC)组织中凋亡抑制蛋白bcl 2和bcl xl的表达与血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF)、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子 (bFGF)以及血管生成之间的关系。方法 :对经病理证实的肝细胞癌 38例共 4 0个癌灶进行分析 ,用免疫组化SP法检测癌组织中VEGF、bFGF、bcl 2和bcl xl的表达以及微血管密度 (MVD) ,分析它们之间的相互关系。结果 :VEGF、bFGF、bcl 2和bcl xl的阳性表达率分别为 77 5 % (31/4 0 )、75 % (30 /4 0 )、2 7 5 % (11/4 0 )和 5 0 % (2 0 /4 0 ) ,所有病灶的平均MVD为 39 3± 8 4 0。VEGF与bFGF、bcl 2与bcl xl之间明显相关 (P <0 0 1)。VEGF与bcl 2之间也存在一定的相关性 (P <0 0 5 )。在VEGF、bcl xl的阴性和阳性表达组MVD均具有显著的差异 (P <0 0 5 )。结论 :VEGF、bFGF与bcl 2、bcl xl之间具有一定的关系 ,VEGF和bcl xl共同调控HCC的血管生成     

人肝癌组织中iNOS、VEGF的表达及微血管密度的病理意义

背景与目的:诱导型一氧化氮合酶(inducible nitric oxide synthase,iNOS)和血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)被认为是诱导和调节肿瘤血管生成,进而影响肿瘤病理进展和预后的重要相关因子。本研究检测人肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)及相应癌旁组织中iNOS、VEGF的表达,探讨其与血管生成的关系,为临床诊治HCC及判断其预后提供理论依据。方法:应用组织芯片技术,采用原位杂交和免疫组化法分析147例HCC组织及癌旁组织中iNOS、VEGF的表达,并用CD34标记免疫组化法检测微血管密度(microvessel density,MVD)。结果:iNOS、VEGF在癌旁组织中的阳性率分别为33.33%和40.82%,而在癌组织中的阳性率分别为86.39%和78.91%,癌组织与癌旁组织比较差异有显著性(P<0.01)。癌组织的MVD值为56.5±12.8,癌旁组织的MVD值为8.4±3.6,两者差异有显著性(P<0.01)。iNOS的表达与肿瘤大小、乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)相关(P<0.05),而与转移和肿瘤分化程度无关(P>0.05)。VEGF的表达及MVD值与肿瘤大小、转移相关(P<0.05),而与HBsAg和肿瘤分化程度无关(P>0.05)。在癌组织中MVD与VEGF、iNOS的表达呈正相关,VEGF和iNOS之间亦存在正相关关系(P<0.01)。结论:HCC中iNOS及VEGF的表达与肿瘤血管生成有关。癌组     

一氧化氮在脑胶质瘤血管生成中的作用及其与VEGF、p53的关系

目的　探讨一氧化氮在脑胶质瘤血管生成中的作用及其调控途径。方法　采用免疫组化法 ,检测 40例脑胶质瘤组织中iNOS的表达及iNOS阴性组和阳性组中Ⅷ因子、VEGF和突变型 p5 3蛋白的表达 ,分析其相互关系。 结果　胶质瘤中iNOS阳性表达率为 62 .5 % ,明显高于对照组 (P <0 .0 1) ;iNOS阴性组微血管密度为 ( 2 2 .40± 12 .62 )个 /视野 ,iNOS阳性组为 ( 36.90±2 2 .2 1)个 /视野 ,两者有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;iNOS阳性组VEGF阳性细胞数明显高于iNOS阴性组 (P <0 .0 1) ;p5 3突变组iN OS阳性表达率明显高于未突变组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;p5 3蛋白与iNOS共同表达时 ,Ⅲ、Ⅳ级胶质瘤中两者共同表达率明显高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ级 ,且有相关性。结论　NO参与了胶质瘤的血管生成 ,促进了肿瘤的生长和侵袭 ,NO在胶质瘤生物学行为中的作用与VEGF和p5 3蛋白密切相关 ,存在 1种相互控制的关系 ,VEGF和 p5 3蛋白对NO通路的调控为胶质瘤基因治疗提供了新的思路     

食管癌原发灶及转移淋巴结血管内皮生长因子和微血管形成的测定

目的 :探讨食管鳞状细胞癌原发灶和淋巴结转移灶血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF)表达及微血管形成的规律。方法 :用免疫组化方法测定 35例食管癌标本原发灶和转移灶VEGF表达水平及微血管密度(MVD)。结果 :淋巴结转移灶VEGF表达水平高于原发灶 (P <0 .0 1) ;淋巴结转移灶、原发灶及阴性淋巴结MVD分别为 11 33± 4 .4 4、13 85± 5 57、18 6 1± 6 6 7,淋巴结转移灶与后两者相比差异均有显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :转移灶VEGF表达水平高于原发灶 ,淋巴结内可能存在抗肿瘤血管生成因素。     

血管内皮生长因子在支气管肺泡细胞癌中的表达及意义

目的　研究VEGF表达与支气管肺泡细胞癌临床病理特征之间的关系 ,探讨其在支气管肺泡细胞癌恶性生长中的意义。方法　应用免疫组织化学染色 ,检测 3 8例支气管肺泡细胞癌组织与正常肺组织标本中VEGF的表达水平及微血管密度 (MVD) ,并进行比较。结果　支气管肺泡细胞癌组织中VEGF阳性率 ( 73 .68%,2 8/ 3 8)和MVD( 63 .81± 19.2 6)均明显高于正常肺组织 ( 0及 18.44± 6.5 3 ) (P <0 .0 0 5 ,P <0 .0 0 1) ;VEGF表达水平、MVD分别与支气管肺泡细胞癌原发肿瘤大小 (P <0 .0 5 ,P <0 .0 5 )、淋巴结转移 (P<0 .0 2 5 ,P <0 .0 5 )及TNM分期 (P <0 .0 5 ,P <0 .0 5 )均有密切关系。与VEGF( -)者相比 ,VEGF( +)者支气管肺泡细胞癌组织中MVD显著增高 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　VEGF表达与支气管肺泡细胞癌的临床病理特征密切相关 ,可能是促进支气管肺泡细胞癌恶性生长的重要因子。     

p53和VEGF在食管鳞癌中的表达及其临床意义

背景与目的:实验研究证明p53和血管内皮生长因子(vascularendothelialgrowthfactor,VEGF)协同表达在肿瘤血管生成中有重要作用。本研究的目的是探讨p53如何参与血管生成,以及p53和血管内皮生长因子的表达与食管鳞癌(esophagealsquamouscellcarcinoma,ESCC)临床病理参数和预后的关系。方法:采用免疫组织化学方法,检测76例食管鳞癌患者手术切除标本p53和VEGF的表达,并用FⅧ因子抗体标记癌组织血管内皮细胞,计数肿瘤内微血管密度(microvesseldensity,MVD)。结果:p53和VEGF的阳性表达率分别为60.5%和56.6%,两者共同表达率为42.1%。p53和VEGF阳性表达率与食管鳞癌的远处转移和血管浸润具有显著相关性(P<0.05;P<0.01)。远处转移和血管浸润最常发生于突变型p53和VEGF均阳性表达的患者。p53(+)或VEGF(+)组MVD(31.7±11.5;33.8±11.7)均显著高于p53(-)或VEGF(-)组(22.4±10.6;21.2±9.3,P<0.05),p53和VEGF均阳性表达时MVD最大(35.2±11.9,P<0.05)。结论:突变型p53表达与食管鳞癌的血管生成和远处转移密切相关;p53和VEGF的表达可作为评估食管鳞癌恶性程度的重要生物学指标,联合检测p53和VEGF表达具有重要的临床应用价值。     

多发性骨髓瘤骨髓组织中p53与血管新生的关系

目的　研究多发性骨髓瘤骨髓组织中 p5 3基因和VEGF表达与血管新生的关系。 方法　应用原位杂交及免疫组化染色技术对 4 2例多发性骨髓瘤患者骨髓组织中VEGF、p5 3及微血管密度 (MVD)进行检测。结果　VEGF的阳性率为 5 2 .4 % (2 2 /4 2 ) ,p5 3的阳性率为2 1.4 % (9/4 2 )。经连续切片对比及统计学分析显示 ,p5 3的表达与VEGF的表达显著相关 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;并且p5 3阳性组MVD显著高于阴性组MVD(P <0 .0 1) ,VEGF阳性组MVD显著高于阴性组MVD(P <0 .0 1)。结论　多发性骨髓瘤骨髓组织中 p5 3突变可以上调VEGF的表达 ,促进血管新生。     

Rac1 VEGF在肝细胞癌中的表达和肿瘤血管形成关系

  目的  探讨Rac1、VEGF蛋白在肝细胞癌组织的表达及其与肿瘤血管形成的关系。  方法  应用免疫组织化学法检测Rac1、VEGF在43例肝细胞癌组织、43例癌旁肝组织及21例正常肝组织的表达, 采用图像分析软件测定Rac1蛋白、VEGF蛋白的平均光密度, 根据CD34染色的血管内皮细胞计数肿瘤MVD。  结果  Rac1蛋白在癌组织、癌旁肝组织及正常肝组织均有表达, 位于胞浆, 癌组织表达高于癌旁肝组织(P < 0.01)、正常肝组织(P < 0.01);VEGF蛋白在癌组织、癌旁肝组织及正常肝组织均有表达, 位于胞浆, 癌组织高于癌旁肝组织(P < 0.01)、正常肝组织(P < 0.01);Rac1、VEGF与MVD之间均呈正相关(r=0.490, P=0.001;r=0.355, P=0.019), Rac1与VEGF之间呈正相关(r=0.583, P < 0.001)。  结论  Rac1可能通过上调VEGF的表达促进肿瘤血管生成, 参与HCC的侵袭、转移机制。      

脑星形细胞瘤中p53和VEGF的表达及其与肿瘤血管形成的关系

目的探讨p53、血管内皮生长因子(vascularendothelial growth     

Expressions of nuclear factor kappaB, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and vascular endothelial growth factor in adenoid cystic carcinoma of salivary glands: correlations with the angiogenesis and clinical outcome.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the expressions of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB p65), inducible nitric oxide synthase enzyme (iNOS), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in relation to angiogenesis (microvessel density, MVD) and clinical outcomes in adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of salivary glands. METHODS: Immunohistochemical staining was used to quantify the protein expression levels of NF-kappaB p65, iNOS, and VEGF in 80 surgically resected ACCs and 20 normal salivary tissues. In all cases of ACCs, MVD was evaluated by counting CD34-reactive endothelial cells or endothelial cell clusters. RESULTS: The nuclear localization of NF-kappaB p65 was only detected in ACC cells. Both iNOS and VEGF staining activities in ACCs were more significant than those in normal gland tissues (P < 0.01). MVD had significant correlations with NF-kappaB p65, iNOS, and VEGF expressions (P < 0.01). In three histologic types of ACCs, the NF-kappaB, iNOS, VEGF expressions, and MVD were significantly higher in solid type than in cribriform and tubular types (P < 0.01). The NF-kappaB, iNOS, VEGF expressions, and MVD were significantly correlated with clinical stage, tumor size, vascular invasion, recurrence, and metastasis (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed NF-kappaB, iNOS and VEGF expression, MVD, solid histotype, and perineural invasion had an independent prognostic effect on overall survival. CONCLUSION: The expressions of NF-kappaB p65, iNOS, and VEGF were related with MVD. Clinical outcomes raised the possibility that the overexpression of these cytokines might contribute to tumor angiogenesis and have prognostic value in ACCs.     

Tissue factor expression correlates with tumor angiogenesis and invasiveness in human hepatocellular carcinoma.

PURPOSE: Recent studies have shown that tissue factor (TF) may be involved in tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. The role of TF in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was unknown. This study evaluated whether TF expression correlates with microvessel density (MVD), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression, tumor invasiveness, and prognosis in human HCC. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Tissue samples were obtained from 58 specimens of resected HCC. Immunohistochemical expression of TF was examined, and tumor MVD was evaluated using CD34 as the endothelial marker. TF and VEGF protein levels in the tumor cytosol were quantified by ELISA. Clinicopathologic and follow-up data of patients were prospectively collected. RESULTS: The immunohistochemical expression of TF in the tumors correlated significantly with tumor MVD (P = 0.002). The median cytosolic TF protein level in the tumors was 720 pg/mg total protein (range, 67-2406 pg/mg total protein). A significant positive correlation was found between TF and VEGF levels in the tumor cytosol (r = 0.475, P < 0.001). High tumor cytosolic TF level was associated with venous invasion (P = 0.004), microsatellite nodules (P = 0.024), unencapsulated tumor (P = 0.007), and advanced tumor stage (P = 0.010). A higher than median tumor cytosolic TF level was an independent predictor of poor survival (risk ratio, 1.836; 95% confidence interval 1.130-5.312, P = 0.023). CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that TF is related to tumor angiogenesis and invasiveness in HCC. Evaluation of tumor TF expression may be useful as a prognostic indicator in patients with HCC.     

Cyclooxygenase-2 pathway correlates with vascular endothelial growth factor expression and tumor angiogenesis in hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma

Evidence indicates that cyclooxygenase (COX)-2-derived prostaglandins (PGs) contribute to tumor growth by inducing angiogenesis. We investigated the role of COX-2 in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). COX-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expressions were examined by immunohistochemistry in 24 HBV-associated HCC. Tumor micro-vessel density (MVD) was assessed using CD34 immunohistochemistry. Hep3B HCC cell line, which carries integrated HBV genome, was stably transfected with human COX-2 cDNA. COX-2 and VEGF expressions were determined by Western blot while PG level was determined by ELISA. The effects of PGs on VEGF expression were also investigated. Expression of COX-2 and VEGF in HCC cells were observed in 19 (79%) and 16 (67%) cases, respectively. Well-differentiated HCC expressed COX-2 more strongly than less-differentiated HCC (p<0.001). COX-2 expression was found to correlate with VEGF expression and MVD (p=0.003 and 0.004, respectively). COX-2 overexpressing Hep3B clone had higher VEGF expression as compared to non-COX-2 expressing clone and parental cells. Treatment of the COX-2 overexpressing cells with a COX-2-selective inhibitor, NS-398 (10 microM), decreased PGE2 level and attenuated VEGF expression. Addition of PGE2 (10 microM) and the stable analog of PGI2, carbaprostacyclin (5 microM), to Hep3B cells also increased VEGF expression. Up-regulation of COX-2 correlates with VEGF expression and tumor angiogenesis in HBV-associated HCC. Moreover, COX-2 up-regulates VEGF expression in HCC cells, possibly via PGs production. Selective inhibition of COX-2 may block HCC associated angiogenesis and thus provides a rational approach for treatment of this malignancy.     

VEGF and bFGF expression and microvessel density of maxillary sinus squamous cell carcinoma in relation to p53 status, spontaneous apoptosis and prognosis

We have previously reported that p53 mutations, loss of bax expression or decreased spontaneous tumor apoptosis were associated with poorer prognoses in maxillary sinus squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)(Cancer 94: 1968-1980, 2002). In the present study, we analyzed tumor angiogenesis monitored by expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and tumor microvessel density, in correlation with p53 status, spontaneous apoptosis or disease prognosis in the same group of 70 maxillary sinus SCC patients. Tumor biopsy specimens obtained prior to initiation of treatment were examined for expression of VEGF and bFGF and tumor microvessel density using immunohistological methods. Average vessel density (AVD) (range: 3-75; median: 25) and maximum vessel density (MVD) (range: 4-125; median: 53) were assessed by the number of microvessels stained with anti-CD31 mAb in tumor lesions. VEGF was expressed in 35 (50%) of 70 patients and bFGF was in 43 (61%). Patients with VEGF expression showed significantly higher levels of MVD than those without VEGF expression (57 vs. 38; P=0.019). The VEGF expression was observed more frequently in patients with p53 overexpression and/or mutation than in those with normal p53 status (P=0.048). The MVD inversely correlated with the apoptotic index (AI) defined as the number of single stranded (ss)-DNA-positive cells per 1000 tumor cells (r= -0.23; P=0.022). Patients with neck lymph node and/or distant metastases after surgery showed significantly higher levels of MVD than patients without any metastasis (64 vs. 42; P=0.048). Low histological effectiveness of radiochemotherapy correlated with bFGF expression (P=0.0059). To clarify actual prognostic factors for maxillary sinus SCC, we selected 57 patients treated uniformly with preoperative radiochemotherapy followed by maxillectomy. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that survival was significantly worse in patients with high MVD (> or =80) than in those with low MVD (<80) (P=0.042). These data suggest that the VEGF expression in association with the p53 overexpression and/or mutations may cause increased microvascularity, decreased spontaneous apoptosis or metastases, while the bFGF expression may be associated with resistance to radiochemotherapy, thereby resulting in poorer prognoses in maxillary sinus SCC. VEGF and bFGF expression and tumor microvessel density in tumor lesions were analyzed in 70 patients with maxillary sinus squamous cell carcinoma. The VEGF expression dependent of p53 overexpression and/or mutations was associated with angiogenesis, decreased spontaneous tumor apoptosis and metastases, while the bFGF expression was associated with resistance to radiochemotherapy, resulting in poor prognosis.     

食管癌VEGF与p53蛋白表达的临床意义

目的探讨食管癌VEGF与p53蛋白表达在食管癌的病理学意义及其与血管新生的关系。方法选择40例手术切除的食管癌标本,确定其病理学特点,并对其VEGF与p53蛋白和微血管进行免疫组织化学染色,明确VEGF与p53蛋白表达和血管新生的强度。结果VEGF表达阳性率为67.5％,p53蛋白表达阳性率为50.0％。MVD值为29.00±24.56。有淋巴结转移者与无淋巴结转移者VEGF表达的阳性率有明显差异(P<0.05)。VEGF表达阴性、弱阳性及强阳性者间MVD值比较均有显著差异(P值均<0.05)。p53蛋白表达阴性、弱阳性及强阳性者间MVD值比较无显著差异(P值均>0.05),与VEGF表达阳性率也无显著差异(P值均>0.05)。结论食管癌VEGF表达与血管新生密度及与淋巴结转移均有显著相关。p53蛋白表达与VEGF表达及血管新生强度均可能无密切关系。