缺血再灌注损伤大鼠脑组织及外周血炎症细胞因子分析

目的探讨大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤后6 h和24 h时炎症细胞因子在脑组织和血清中的变化,初步分析炎症因子在早期缺血再灌注损伤中的作用。方法构建大鼠脑中动脉闭塞模型,运用流式高通量多因子检测方法测定各因子变化。结果缺血再灌注6 h,脑组织中促炎细胞因子IL-6、IFN-γ、MIP-2、TNF-α、IL-1β均升高;抗炎细胞因子IL-10升高,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。缺血再灌注24 h,促炎细胞因子IL-6、MIP-2、IL-1β升高。缺血再灌注24 h较6 h促炎细胞因子IL-6、IL-1β升高,IFN-γ、MIP-2降低,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。血清中,缺血再灌注6 h和24 h促炎细胞因子IL-6、IFN-γ、MIP-2、TNF-α、IL-1β均升高。缺血再灌注24 h,抗炎细胞因子IL-10、IL-13升高。缺血再灌注24 h较6 h促炎细胞因子IL-6、MIP-2、TNF-α、IL-1β升高,IFN-γ降低;抗炎细胞因子IL-13持续升高,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论血中炎症因子的变化可作为脑缺血再灌注的血清标志物。     

抗肺结核治疗患者血清炎症因子动态变化

目的分析抗肺结核治疗患者血清促炎及抗炎因子动态变化。方法回顾性收集2016年1月-2017年12月重庆三峡中心医院收治的200例肺结核患者的临床资料,所有患者进行抗结核治疗3个月时进行痰液涂片检测,分为痰液阳性组和痰液转阴组;比较两组患者治疗前、治疗3个月、治疗6个月血清中促炎因子肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1(IL-1)、IL-6、干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)及抗炎因子IL-10、IL-4、转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)的含量,以及肺部病灶的吸收情况。结果与治疗前相比,痰液转阴组患者治疗后3个月及6个月血清中TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6及IFN-γ含量降低(P0.05);IL-10、IL-4及TGF-β升高(P0.05);痰液阳性组血清TNF-α、IL-1及IFN-γ的含量仅在治疗后6个月降低(P0.05);IL-6的含量在治疗后3个月及6个月血清中的含量降低(P0.05);痰液阳性组血清IL-10、IL-4及TGF-β的含量仅在治疗后6个月升高(P0.05);治疗后3个月及6个月,痰液转阴组血清中TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6及IFN-γ的含量均降低(P0.05);IL-10、IL-4及TGF-β的含量均升高(P0.05);与痰液阳性组相比,痰液转阴组患者治疗后6个月、12个月的肺部病灶吸收率增加(P0.05)。结论治疗效果良好的肺结核患者血清中促炎细胞因子的含量降低,抗炎细胞因子的含量升高,检测血清中促炎细胞因子及抗炎细胞因子的含量,能够对肺结核的治疗提供参考。     

极化液个体化治疗对创伤后高血糖病人促/抗炎细胞因子的影响

目的:探讨极化液个体化治疗对创伤后高血糖病人促/抗炎细胞因子以及多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)的影响,为极化液辅助治疗创伤后MODS提供实验依据.方法:将我院重症监护室收治的创伤后高血糖病人,随机分为极化液个体化治疗组(GIK组)和基础治疗组(C组).观察不同治疗组治疗3 d后创伤病人空腹血糖、乳酸、促炎细胞因子(CRP、TNF-α和IL-1β)和抗炎细胞因子(IL-4和IL-10)水平变化以及MODS的发生率和病死率.结果:GIK组治疗3 d后,空腹血糖、乳酸、C反应蛋白(CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)水平均明显低于C组,血IL-4和IL-10水平明显高于C组.GIK组MODS的发生率明显低于C组,MODS病死率虽略有下降,但与C组比无显著差异.结论:极化液个体化治疗创伤后病人可降低促炎细胞因子和升高抗炎细胞因子水平,对控制创伤后病人的高血糖效果明显.     

腺病毒肺炎和肺炎支原体肺炎患儿肺部炎症细胞因子的表达差异研究

目的研究腺病毒肺炎和肺炎支原体肺炎患儿肺部炎症细胞因子的表达差异。方法选取2018年1-12月在湖州市中心医院儿科住院的16例腺病毒肺炎患儿,21例肺炎支原体肺炎患儿,另选取15例诊断为气管软化伴气管物理损伤且无病原体感染的儿童为对照组。采集支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)标本,检测并比较促炎细胞因子白细胞介素(IL)-1α、IL-2、IL-6、IL-8、IL-17A、干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和抗炎细胞因子IL-4、IL-5、IL-10水平。结果 3组患儿IL-2、IL-17A、IFN-γ、TNF-α和IL-1α水平比较差异无统计学意义(P0. 05)。腺病毒肺炎组患儿IL-6水平显著高于肺炎支原体肺炎组和对照组患儿(均P0. 05)。腺病毒肺炎组和肺炎支原体肺炎组患儿IL-8水平比较差异无统计学意义(P0. 05),但肺炎支原体肺炎组患儿IL-8水平显著低于对照组患儿(P 0. 05)。3组患儿IL-4水平比较差异无统计学意义(P0. 05)。腺病毒肺炎组患儿IL-10水平显著高于肺炎支原体肺炎组和对照组患儿(均P0. 05)。腺病毒肺炎组患儿IL-5水平显著高于对照组(P0. 05)。肺炎支原体肺炎组和对照组患儿IL-5、IL-10水平比较差异无统计学意义(P0. 05)。结论研究为探索腺病毒肺炎和肺炎支原体肺炎有效的治疗方法提供了重要的参考。     

职业性铅暴露对促炎细胞因子和血管生成因子水平的影响

目的探讨长期职业性铅暴露对促炎细胞因子和促血管生成因子水平的影响。方法选择居住在同一地区200名接触铅工作的男性为暴露组,年龄相当的无铅接触史137名男性为对照组。受试者清晨空腹肘部静脉血,检测血清促炎细胞因子[白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、巨噬细胞炎性蛋白1α(MIP-1α)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)]、血管生成因子[血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、可溶性血管内皮生长因子受体-1(sVEGFR-1)、可溶性血管生成素受体2(Stie-2)、成纤维细胞生长因子(FGF-basic)]水平。结果长期接触铅的工人组促炎细胞因子IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α水平高于对照组(P值均<0.001),血管生成因子sVEGFR-1、FGF-basic水平显著高于对照组(P值均<0.001)。在长期铅暴露组中,促炎细胞因子(IL-1a、IL-6、TNF-a)水平与血管生成因子(VEGF、FGF-basic、sVEGFR-1、Stie-2)呈正相关(r=0.31~0.62,P值均<0.05)。结论长期职业性铅暴露可导致促炎细胞因子和血管生成因子浓度升高,且二者具有显著相关性。     

胰岛素葡萄糖钾盐与胰岛素体外抗炎效果比较研究

目的: 观察葡萄糖钾盐是否具有协同增强胰岛素对外周血单个核细胞群(PBMCs)分泌促炎细胞因子和抗炎细胞因子的作用. 方法: 用Ficoll-Hypaque液分离10例健康人PBMC,随机分为胰岛素葡萄糖钾盐(GIK)组、胰岛素(INS)组、葡萄糖钾盐(GK)组和基础对照(C)组. 四组PBMC培养24 h后,加脂多糖继续培养48 h后,离心收集培养上清液.用ELISA法检测TNF-α,IL-6和IL-4,IL-10含量. 结果: GIK组和INS组TNF-α,IL-6含量均明显低于C组(P<0.01),IL-4和IL-10含量却均明显高于C组(P<0.01);GIK组IL-4和IL-10含量明显高于INS组(P<0.01),但GIK组TNF-α和IL-6含量降低,与INS组比较无统计学意义(P>0.05). 结论: 胰岛素葡萄糖钾盐和胰岛素均能直接抑制内毒素刺激的PBMCs分泌促炎细胞因子,同时提高内毒素刺激的PBMC分泌抗炎细胞因子水平.葡萄糖钾盐对胰岛素促进PBMCs分泌抗炎细胞因子有协同增强作用.     

白细胞介素-10与2型糖尿病发病风险的关联性

2型糖尿病(T2DM)发病过程常伴随白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)等细胞因子水平的改变,这些细胞因子能抑制胰岛素分泌、诱导β细胞凋亡及引起外周胰岛素抵抗,与T2DM的发生密切相关。白细胞介素-10(IL-10)作为一种重要的抑制性细胞因子,能够抑制IL-1β、IL-6、IFN-γ及TNF-α等细胞因子的合成以及作用的发挥,保护胰岛功能和改善外周胰岛素抵抗,在T2DM的发生发展过程中起着重要作用,本文对IL-10及其基因多态性与T2DM发生风险的关系进行综述。     

婴幼儿肺炎支原体感染促炎/抗炎细胞因子水平的动态变化及其诊断价值

目的:探讨婴幼儿肺炎支原体肺炎(MPP)促炎细胞因子和抗炎细胞因子水平的动态变化,探讨其临床意义及诊断价值。方法:收集疑似MP感染患儿73例,健康体检儿童60例,采用血清学方法检测MP-IgM,并分离培养鉴定MP;采用ELISA法测定MPP患儿急性期、恢复期及对照组促炎细胞因子(TNF-α、IL-8)和抗炎细胞因子(IL-10、IL-13)的水平。通过ROC曲线分析曲线下面积(AUC),比较各细胞因子对MPP的诊断效率,计算其敏感度和特异度。结果:经实验室检查,确诊MPP患儿46例,MPP患儿急性期促炎细胞因子(TNF-α、IL-8)水平明显高于恢复期及健康对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);急性期抗炎细胞因子IL-10水平明显低于恢复期和健康对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);急性期抗炎细胞因子IL-13水平明显高于恢复期和健康对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ROC曲线结果显示4种细胞因子AUC分别为0.768、0.862、0.564和0.717,IL-8在MPP中有较高的诊断价值(AUC接近0.9),其最佳分界值为102.57 pg/ml,诊断MPP的敏感度及特异度分别为78.2和89.1。结论:婴幼儿MPP发病过程中,促炎细胞因子(TNF-α、IL-8)始终处于高表达状态,抗炎因子IL-10低水平表达可能与MPP发病有关,提示机体免疫调节失控,同时以IL-13高水平表达的抗感染反应占优势。通过ROC曲线分析,IL-8可作为辅助诊断MPP的实用指标。     

基于Luminex液相芯片技术的NNK和AαC体外免疫毒性研究

目的了解4-(甲基亚硝胺基)-1-(3-吡啶)-1-丁酮(NNK)和2-氨基-9H-吡啶并[2,3-b]吲哚(AαC)的体外免疫毒性特征。方法分别以0、12.5、25、50、100、150和200μg/ml NNK染毒小鼠淋巴瘤细胞(EL-4细胞)24 h,以0、2.5、5、7.5、10、12.5和15μg/ml AαC染毒小鼠巨噬细胞(Ana-1细胞)24 h。采用CCK-8法检测细胞存活率,以Luminex液相芯片技术检测细胞上清液中与免疫相关的20种细胞因子分泌量,以BCA蛋白检测方法校正细胞因子的结果。结果 NNK染毒EL-4细胞后,白介素(IL)-10、IL-17、IL-1β和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量随染毒剂量的增加而升高,粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)含量随染毒剂量的增加而降低,且均存在剂量-效应关系;碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(FGF-basic)、γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)、IL-1α、IL-2、IL-4、IL-5、IL-6、IL-12、IL-13、干扰素诱导蛋白-10(IP-10)、角质细胞诱导因子(KC)、单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(MCP-1)、γ-干扰素诱导性单核因子趋化因子(MIG)、巨噬细胞炎症蛋白-1α(MIP-1α)和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)含量无明显变化。AαC染毒Ana-1细胞后,IL-5、MCP-1、MIP-1α、TNF-α和VEGF含量随染毒剂量的增加而降低,其余15种细胞因子无明显变化。结论 NNK和AαC可以产生体外免疫毒性。     

细胞因子对血吸虫病肝纤维化形成的影响（综述）

目的:探讨细胞因子对血吸虫病肝纤维化形成的影响。方法:查阅近10年国内外相关文献,并对文献进行分析、综述。结果:肝纤维化是血吸虫病的一个重要病理改变,细胞因子在血吸虫病性肝纤维化的发生发展过程中起着重作用,其中促肝纤维化的细胞因子是转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)、血小板衍生生长因子(PDGF)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素(IL-1、IL-2、IL-4、IL-5、IL-6、IL-8、IL-13)、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)等,抗肝纤维化细胞因子是干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)、IL-10、IL-12、IL-18等。结论:深入研究细胞因子在肝纤维化形成机制中的作用有重要意义。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.