病态窦房结综合征与冠状动脉病变相关性的探讨

目的 探讨病变窦房结合综合征与冠状动脉病变的相关性,并观察冠状动脉病变介入治疗后患者的心脏变时功能变化。方法 对56例接受起搏器治疗的患者行选择性冠状动脉造影,对相应冠状动脉行经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术和冠状动脉内支架植入术治疗。结果 20例显示冠状动脉显著狭窄,但狭窄未累及窦房结动脉起源的冠状动脉或狭窄在窦房结动脉发生以远的血管段。其中12例14支血管接受经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术和冠状动脉内支架植入术治疗,6个月的随访造影无再狭窄,患者的心功能改善,临床缺血症状消失或明显减轻,但窦房结功能并未改善。结论 冠心病并非是病态窦房结综合征的主要病因;合并冠状动脉狭窄的病态窦房结综合征患者,经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术和冠状动脉内支架植入术治疗可以改善心肌缺血和心脏功能,但难以恢复窦房结的正常变时功能。     

急性前壁心肌梗死合并完全性房室传导阻滞的冠状动脉造影特点

目的:分析急性前壁心肌梗死合并完全性房室传导阻滞的冠状动脉造影特点.方法:2004-03-2009-03上海交通大学附属第一人民医院心内科共收治急性前壁心肌梗死合并新发完全性房室传导阻滞患者19例,其中14例行冠状动脉造影术,多体位投照观察病变特点,明确梗死相关动脉.并根据主要冠状动脉直径狭窄≥50%的支数,分为左主干病变,单支病变,2支病变,3支病变.结果:14例患者冠状动脉造影均提示冠状动脉严重病变.单支病变1例,2支病变3例,3支病变8例,左主干加3支病变2例.梗死相关动脉12例为左冠状动脉,闭塞部位1例在左主干;9例在左前降支近段,其中4例提供侧支至右冠状动脉远段,2例提供侧支至左回旋支远段;1例在左前降支中段,右冠状动脉变异,开口于闭塞远段;1例在左回旋支近段,提供侧支至右冠状动脉.2例梗死相关动脉为右冠状动脉,闭塞部位1例在近段,为优势型;1例在中段,远段提供侧支至左前降支之第一间隔支.结论:急性前壁心肌梗死合并新发完全性房室传导阻滞患者冠状动脉病变严重,多为多支多处重度狭窄,梗死相关动脉供血范围较广,分别或同时累及第一间隔支动脉、房室结动脉,间接提示临床预后较差.     

病态窦房结综合征与冠状动脉病变的关系

目的 探讨病态窦房结综合征与冠状动脉病变的相关性。方法 对107例接受起搏器治疗的患者行选择性冠状动脉造影，对病变冠状动脉行经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术和冠状动脉内支架植入术治疗。结果 41例显示冠状动脉显著狭窄，但狭窄未累及窦房结动脉起源的冠状动脉或狭窄在窦房结动脉发出以远血管段。其中27例患者接受经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术和冠状动脉支架植入术治疗，6个月后的随访造影无再狭窄，患者的心功能改善，临床缺血症状消失或明显减轻，但窦房结功能并未改善。结论 冠状动脉性心脏病(冠心病)并非是病态窦房结综合征的主要原因。合并冠状动脉狭窄的病态窦房结综合征患者，经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术和冠状动脉内支架植入术治疗可以改善心肌缺血和心脏功能，但难恢复窦房结的正常功能。     

基层医院多层螺旋CT冠状动脉检查现状分析

目的评估基层医院多层螺旋CT(MSCT)行冠状动脉检查的准确性。方法收集在基层医院已行MSCT检查,提示冠状动脉狭窄患者90例,再经北京阜外心血管病医院行冠状动脉造影确诊,采用Kappa检验比较2种检查方法结果的一致性。结果 MSCT诊断冠心病的准确率为88.9%。诊断冠状动脉狭窄程度的准确率39.0%,诊断左前降支、左回旋支和右冠状动脉的准确率分别为45.5%、37.5%和33.3%。在诊断心肌肌桥两者无一相符,诊断钙化准确率较高为80.0%。MSCT检查冠状动脉各节段的狭窄与冠状动脉造影一致性差。左主干、左前降支、左回旋支和右冠状动脉的Kappa值均0.75。结论基层医院MSCT诊断冠心病的准确率较高,但在诊断血管狭窄程度上准确率较低。     

冠状动脉左回旋支起源异常1例

患者,女,54岁。因阵发性胸痛4年入院。体检:血压120/80 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),心率70次/min,心肺腹未见明显异常。心电图、超声心动图均未见异常。由于多家医院怀疑冠心病、心绞痛,故人我院行选择性冠状动脉造影。造影所见,左冠状动脉未见回旋支,只见左主干及其分出前降支,未见确切狭窄;右冠状动脉超优势型,未见确切病变。左回旋支直接开口于右冠窦的右冠状动脉开口处,发出后,在主动脉后穿出走向左房室沟,其后走行与常人左回旋支走行相同,该回旋支亦未见狭窄。     

64层螺旋CT血管成像与冠状动脉造影对冠心病诊断价值的对比研究

目的评价64层螺旋CT在冠状动脉造影方面的诊断价值。方法58例临床诊断或可疑冠心病患者行64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像检查,分别对左主干、左前降支、回旋支和右冠状动脉及其分支的重建图像行影像学评价,所有患者均行常规选择性冠状动脉造影检查作为对照。结果58例患者共757(87.0%)节段的冠状动脉(血管直径≥1.5 mm)成像,638节段(84.3%)可用于多层螺旋CT和冠状动脉造影定量分析。冠状动脉造影共发现狭窄101节段,多层螺旋CT发现狭窄104节段,多层螺旋CT对冠状动脉狭窄诊断的敏感性为86.1%,特异性为96.8%。结论64层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影可作为诊断冠状动脉病变的一种无创筛选方法。     

雷诺病冠状动脉痉挛致急性血栓形成一例

患者女性,66岁,主因发作性心悸、胸闷1天入院。查体无特殊发现。心电图显示:窦性心动过缓,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联T波低平。Holter检查后诊断为病态窦房结综合征。既往有雷诺病史,寒冷刺激后手指皮肤出现苍白和发绀,同时伴有手指末梢麻木、发凉和刺痛,经保暖后皮色变潮红,但未服药治疗。无高血压、糖尿病病史。为明确诊断于2005年8月23日行冠状动脉造影,操作顺序先左冠状动脉后右冠状动脉。冠状动脉造影显示:左主干、前降支、回旋支无狭窄,管壁光滑(图1);右冠状动脉近段局限性狭窄80%。冠状动脉造影结束,与患者交待病变情况并征求下一步治疗意见…     

64层螺旋CT与冠状动脉造影诊断冠状动脉狭窄的对比研究

目的评价64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像(64-slice spiral computed tomographic coronary angiography,64-SCTCA)对冠状动脉各节段狭窄病变的诊断价值。方法85例疑诊为冠状动脉性心脏病(冠心病)患者,先后行64-SCTCA和冠状动脉造影(coronary angiography,CAG)检查,评价64-SCTCA诊断冠状动脉各节段狭窄病变的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确性。结果①在CAG可清晰显影的744个节段中,64-SCTCA造影可清晰显示和评价的占639段(85.89%),另外105段(14.11%)显影不清。左主干和前降支可评价节段的比例显著高于左回旋支和右冠状动脉(P0.001),同一支血管中近段可评价的比例显著高于远段(P0.001);②64-SCTCA诊断冠心病的敏感度、特异度、准确度、阳性和阴性预测值分别为96.23%、90.63%、94.44%、93.55%、94.12%。按可评价节段计算,64-SCTCA诊断冠状动脉各节段有意义狭窄病变总的敏感性、特异性、准确性、阳性和阴性预测值分别为89.06%、95.89%、84.44%、95.33%、94.32%;③按可评价节段计算,64-SCTCA对诊断左主干、左前降支、左回旋支和右冠状动脉各节段病变的价值相似,但检测冠状动脉近中段病变的价值高于远段(χ2=4.66,P=0.03)。结论64-SCTCA对冠状动脉狭窄病变有较好的诊断价值,其检测左主干和左前降支病变的价值高于左回旋支和右冠状动脉,对冠状动脉近段病变的诊断价值高于远段,适合于冠心病的筛查。     

92例急性下壁心肌梗死病变血管分析

目的分析引起急性下壁心肌梗死病变血管的特点。方法回顾性分析2010年1月—2010年6月92例急性下壁心肌梗死病人的心电图特征以及冠状动脉造影检查。结果单独右冠状动脉病变8例(9%),单独左前降支病变3例(3%),单独左回旋支病变1例(1%),右冠状动脉+左前降支病变13例(14%),右冠状动脉+左回旋支病变5例(5%),右冠状动脉+左前降支+左回旋支病变55例(60%),左前降支+左回旋支病变6例(7%),左主干+三支病变1例(1%)。结论引起急性下壁心肌梗死的病变血管以右冠状动脉为主,目前以多支病变为主。     

心电图表现为de Winter综合征的多支血管病变1例

de Winter综合征是急性冠脉综合征的一种特殊类型,冠脉造影结果常提示左前降支近端闭塞或严重狭窄,但不局限于前降支近端.本文报道的1例64岁男性患者,心电图呈de Winter综合征改变,冠脉造影结果提示多支血管病变(第二对角支、回旋支、右冠状动脉).胸痛患者首诊时,医生应加强对这类心电图的识别与诊断,及时采取救治措施.     

冠状动脉起源异常的冠状动脉造影分析

目的探讨冠状动脉起源异常(anomalous origin of coronary artery,AOCA)的冠状动脉造影特征及其临床意义。方法2000年10月~2006年12月在我院行冠状动脉造影的患者1560例,检出有AOCA患者29例,并对其临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果29例AOCA患者检出率为1.9%,其中23例(79.3%)为良性AOCA,包括:前降支和回旋支分别开口于左冠窦15例,回旋支起源于右冠窦3例,右冠状动脉起源于无冠窦1例和高位开口于升主动脉4例;6例(20.7%)为有潜在临床危险AOCA,分别为左主干起源于右冠窦1例,单支左冠状动脉2例,右冠状动脉起源于左冠窦3例。起源异常冠状动脉有明显狭窄患者9例(31.0%),但仅2例为狭窄只累及起源异常动脉。结论AOCA无特征性临床表现,通常在冠状动脉造影时被发现;某些类型有导致严重心脏事件的潜在危险。AOCA与冠状动脉狭窄无相关性。     

Coronary artery anatomy in corrected transposition of the great arteries

Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries is an unusual cardiac malformation with discordant atrioventricular and ventriculoarterial alignments. Because knowledge of the coronary artery anatomy is a prerequisite for successful repair of this cardiac anomaly, selective coronary arteriography was performed in 13 children (4 male and 9 female; age range 18 months to 16 years) and 1 adult (aged 59 years) with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries and associated intracardiac defects. The typical coronary distribution of corrected transposition (that is, coronary artery-ventricular concordance) was found in 11 patients. In one patient, a single coronary ostium was observed; the right sinus of Valsalva gave rise to a short common branch that divided into three arteries: a left circumflex artery going to the right, a well developed left anterior descending artery running into the anterior interventricular groove and a third vessel that continued on the normal course of the right coronary artery directed posteriorly. In one patient, the left circumflex artery was particularly small. In another patient, with severe hypoplasia of the left anterior descending coronary artery, the anterior ventricular wall of the heart was supplied by three small branches that ended a short distance from their origins. The adult patient had a large anterior ventricular branch arising from the morphologic left coronary ventricular as well as a large acute marginal branch, with a wide distribution, from the morphologic right coronary artery. Presurgical coronary angiographic documentation is helpful because, in congenitally corrected transposition as well as in complex congenital heart disease, coronary anomalies (in origin, course and distribution) are occasionally present and knowledge of their presence can help determine the most appropriate surgical approach.     

大动脉炎累及冠状动脉7例临床分析

目的 :分析大动脉炎累及冠状动脉的患者的发病率、临床特点、冠状动脉病变性质及治疗效果 ,为临床提供参考。方法 :1990～ 2 0 0 2年 5 2例大动脉炎住院患者中 7例 (女 5例、男 2例 )患者 ,根据其临床表现、辅助检查、大血管造影及冠状动脉造影 ,证实为大动脉炎累及冠状动脉 ,予以激素、扩管等对症治疗 ,随访观察患者症状、心功能、炎症指标等病情变化。结果 :7例患者中 6例有不同程度的心肌缺血症状 ,2例出现心肌梗死 ,3例出现心力衰竭症状。 1例冠状动脉造影显示为左旋支中段中度狭窄 ,1例为左冠状动脉前降支开口处重度狭窄 ,另1例MRI和磁共振血管造影示广泛前壁心肌梗死。经对症治疗后 ,患者血沉、C反应蛋白均能回复正常 ,而症状与心功能无明显改善。结论 :多发性大动脉炎累及冠状动脉并不少见 ,可发生于冠状动脉开口与近端 ,亦可累及中段 ,随病程延长 ,患者心脏情况恶化 ,临床上应对有心肌缺血症状的大动脉炎患者积极行冠状动脉造影 ,早期诊断 ,积极治疗。     

Intraoperative cardioplegic contrast echocardiography for assessing myocardial perfusion during open heart surgery

Aortic root hypothermic, hyperkalemic cardioplegic perfusion has been shown to preserve ventricular function during open heart surgery. However, significant coronary artery stenoses may prevent adequate perfusion of myocardial regions distal to the lesions, leading to intraoperative ischemia and damage. The purpose of this study was to evaluate for the first time in human patients the use of intraoperative contrast cardioplegic echocardiography for identifying potentially jeopardized myocardial regions as defined by cardiac catheterization. Forty-two patients, 23 men and 19 women, aged 28 to 83 years (mean 56.7 +/- 2), who had undergone cardiac catheterization and coronary arteriography, underwent open heart surgery; 30 had coronary artery disease. Echocardiograms of the left ventricle, performed on the open heart in the papillary muscle short-axis plane during routine aortic root cardioplegia were divided into three regions according to the coronary anatomy: septal (left anterior descending artery), anterolateral (left circumflex) and inferoposterior (right coronary artery). Intraoperatively, myocardial segments at greatest potential ischemic risk were identified by several findings alone or in combination: lack of spontaneous contrast and delayed whiting out or persistent fine fibrillation. The ability of intraoperative echographic interpretation to identify high risk segments based on preoperative catheterization findings was excellent. Thus, the sensitivity of cardioplegic contrast echocardiography for predicting significant (greater than 70% stenosis) coronary lesions was 96, 100 and 58% for left anterior descending, left circumflex and right coronary artery regions, respectively. Specificity was 94, 78 and 100% for anterior descending, circumflex and right coronary artery regions, respectively. Overall sensitivity and specificity for all regions was 82 and 92%, respectively. Importantly, the echocardiogram was most helpful in observing septal region perfusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

中国南京与澳大利亚悉尼地区老年冠心病患者的冠状动脉病变特点分析

目的探讨中国南京和澳大利亚悉尼地区的老年冠心病患者冠状动脉病变特点的差异。方法经冠状动脉造影确诊的冠心病患者,年龄≥60岁,中国南京地区为黄种人入选1442例(男性72.0%)为中国组,澳大利亚悉尼当地为白种人同期入选1309例(男性65.5%)为澳大利亚组。从冠状动脉血管优势型、病变支数、病变血管类型、病变狭窄程度加以分析。结果两组患者均以右冠状动脉优势型为主,其中中国组1066例,澳大利亚组1031例。两组患者病变累及的主要血管依次均为左前降支、右冠状动脉、左回旋支、左主干。两组患者男性冠状动脉病变3支、双支、单支血管的患病率均高于同组女性(P<0.01)。从Gensini积分可见,澳大利亚男女性的冠状动脉狭窄程度均显著高于同性别的中国患者(P<0.01)。结论中国南京与澳大利亚悉尼的老年冠心病患者冠状动脉病变特点因种族差异而存在不同,澳大利亚人冠状动脉病变程度较中国人严重。     

国产雷帕霉素药物洗脱支架在冠状动脉分叉病变介入治疗中的应用

目的探讨国产雷帕霉素药物洗脱支架[DE(SFirebirdTM)]在冠状动脉分叉病变介入治疗中应用的安全性和有效性。方法对47例冠心病患者的53处冠状动脉分叉病变行介入治疗,共置入FirebirdTM68枚。结果46例介入治疗成功,失败1例。分叉病变部位:左主干远端前降支和回旋支分叉病变2处,前降支和对角支分叉病变23处,回旋支和钝缘支分叉病变17处,左心室后侧支和后降支11处。术中发生边支血管闭塞4例,边支血管狭窄加重6例,边支血管发生慢血流3例。住院期间发生急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死3例,ST段抬高型心肌梗死1例,心绞痛5例,1例于术后2天死于心源性休克。随访6个月,7例复发心绞痛而再次住院治疗,无其余主要不良心脏事件发生。结论DE(SFirebirdTM)在冠状动脉分叉病变介入治疗中应用是可行、安全有效的。     

Mid to long-term results of circumflex coronary artery revascularization with left internal thoracic artery grafts

The current trend in coronary artery surgery is to revascularize the left coronary artery branches with bilateral internal thoracic arteries (ITA). For this procedure, the right ITA is usually grafted to the left anterior descending coronary artery while the circumflex coronary artery is revascularized by the left ITA. The mid to long-term results of the left ITA on the circumflex system were examined in this study. Forty of 48 patients operated on between 1996 and 1998 who had undergone revascularization of the left coronary artery with both ITAs and who fulfilled the study criteria underwent control coronary arteriography to determine the mid to long-term patency of LITA grafts on the circumflex artery. The median time for follow-up was 53 months (range, 49 to 70 months). Of the 40 angiographically controlled patients, 35 had patent left ITA to circumflex artery anastomosis (87.5%). One graft stenosis and four graft occlusions were observed. In the same group, right ITA to left anterior descending coronary artery anastomoses were patent in 38 patients (95%). Left ITA grafts seem to be the conduit of choice for revascularization of the circumflex coronary artery. In combination with the in situ right ITA to left anterior descending coronary artery anastomosis, in situ left ITA grafting to the circumflex system can be done with acceptably low mortality and excellent long-term patency rates. Its utilization is particularly advised in young patients where the importance of left coronary artery revascularization by bilateral ITA grafts is increased.     

Isolated Single Coronary Artery Presenting as Acute Coronary Syndrome: Case Report and Review

Congenital single coronary artery is commonly associated with complex congenital heart diseases and manifests in infancy or childhood. But isolated single coronary artery is a rare congenital anomaly which can present as acute coronary syndrome in adults. The aim of the work is to discuss on isolated single coronary artery in two adults presenting as acute coronary syndrome. The first case underwent coronary angiography (CAG) through right radial route, but switched over to femoral for confirmation of diagnosis and due to radial spasm. An aortic root angiogram was done to rule out presence of any other coronary ostia. It revealed a single coronary artery originating from right sinus of valsalva. After giving rise to posterior descending artery branch at crux, it continued in the atrioventricular groove to the anterior basal surface of the heart and traversed as anterior descending artery. There was no atheromatous occlusive stenosis. This is R-I type single coronary artery as per Lipton classification. In the second case, angiography was completed through right radial route. It revealed a single coronary artery arising from right aortic sinus. Anterior descending and circumflex branch were originating from proximal common trunk of the single coronary artery and supplying the left side of the heart. The right coronary artery has diffuse atheromatous disease without significant stenosis in any major branch. This is R-III C type as per Lipton classification. A coronary anomaly of both origin and course is very rare. It may be encountered in adults evaluated for atherosclerotic coronary heart disease. Knowledge and understanding of anatomical types of this congenital anomaly will reduce time, anxiety, complications during CAG and cardiac surgery.     

Complete bundle branch block during exercise test. Clinical and coronary angiographic data

Thirty-two complete bundle branch blocks were observed during 16,500 exercise stress tests between 1973 and 1988: there were 7 right bundle branch blocks and 25 left bundle branch blocks. Exercise stress testing was indicated in 15 cases for stable angina, in 15 cases for different functional disturbances and in 2 cases as a systematic investigation. All patients underwent coronary angiography and selective left ventriculography. Right bundle branch block occurring at a heart rate of 105 +/- 25/mn were associated with typical anginal pain at the time of apparition in 5 patients. Coronary angiography showed triple vessel disease in 3 cases, double vessel disease in 2 cases and an isolated proximal lesion of the left anterior descending artery in 2 cases. Left bundle branch block occurring at a heart rate of 125 +/- 12/mn was associated with normal coronary angiography in 7 cases. Eighteen patients had pathological coronary angiogrammes with severe lesions of the left anterior descending artery. Two women suffered from chest pain when the block developed and coronary angiography was normal in one of them. During follow-up (average 62 months), 16 coronary events were observed including 2 infarcts, and 6 patients developed cardiac failure. In conclusion, complete right bundle branch block appearing during exercise stress testing was constantly associated with atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. The predictive value of complete left bundle branch block on effort was 72%. Complete left bundle branch block occurring at heart rates of less than 120/mn was frequently associated with a proximal stenosis of the left anterior descending artery.     

Coronary angioplasty at the time of initial diagnostic coronary angiography in patients with unstable angina

Of the last 200 consecutive patients undergoing PTCA procedures at our institution, 29 (15%) had unstable angina; and angioplasty was performed at the time of diagnostic coronary arteriography. There were 26 males and three females with an age range of 31-82 (mean 57) years. Factors favoring PTCA at the time of initial coronary arteriography included clinical indications for revascularization, appropriate anatomy based on high-quality fluoroscopy, and availability of emergency surgery if required. Of 34 coronary lesions in 29 patients, 19 involved the anterior branch of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), eight the circumflex branch (Cx); and seven the right coronary artery (RCA). Five patients had two vessels dilated (one LAD + RCA, two LAD + Cx, and two RCA + Cx). Of the coronary artery lesions, 19 were concentric, seven were eccentric, 20 were single and discrete, six were long or multiple in the same vessel; eight vessels were totally occluded, and in nine patients there was good collateral circulation. Twenty-nine (85%) arteries were successfully dilated. Of the unsuccessful cases, one was from failure to cross a totally occluded lesion, and three residual lesions and/or postdilatation pressure gradients remained significant. One patient required emergency aortocoronary bypass surgery because of total occlusion of the LAD immediately post-PTCA. There were no postprocedural myocardial infarcts or deaths. It is concluded that, in selected patients with unstable angina, PTCA can be performed successfully and with low risk at the time of initial diagnostic coronary arteriography. This approach offers certain clinical financial advantages.