结肠镜、结肠气钡双重造影及螺旋CT对结肠癌的诊断价值

目的：探讨结肠镜、结肠气钡双重造影、螺旋CT对结肠癌的诊断价值。方法：分别将33例结肠镜直视下活检、19例结肠气钡双重造影检查、43例螺旋CT检查结果与术后病理诊断符合率进行对照。结果：诊断符合率内窥镜为90．9％，结肠气钡双重造影为84．2％，螺旋CT扫描癌肿检出率为44．2％，淋巴转移符合率28．2％，肝脏转移诊断符合率87．5％，原发灶侵犯周围器官组织诊断符合率66．7％。结论：结肠镜检查是诊断及预防结肠癌最有效的方法，对不能完成结肠镜检查的病人，可行结肠气钡双重造影进行诊断；螺旋CT检查能发现和显示病变，确定病变的侵犯范围及转移情况，是临床确定治疗方式及判定预后的主要检查方法。     

经腹超声在结肠癌术前分期诊断中的价值

结肠癌是常见的胃肠道恶性肿瘤之一,早期诊断及准确分期对患者治疗方案的选择及术后康复极为重要。目前,肠镜及活检是术前诊断结肠癌的首选方法,其他检查方法还包括钡灌肠造影及结肠CT等。近年来经腹肠道超声越来越多地应用于结肠癌的术前诊断,可清晰显示肠壁结构,准确定位,与其他影像学方法联合应用具有良好的诊断价值。本文就经腹超声在结肠癌术前分期诊断中的价值进行综述。     

经腹超声在结肠癌术前分期诊断中的价值CSCD

结肠癌是常见的胃肠道恶性肿瘤之一,早期诊断及准确分期对患者治疗方案的选择及术后康复极为重要。目前,肠镜及活检是术前诊断结肠癌的首选方法,其他检查方法还包括钡灌肠造影及结肠CT等。近年来经腹肠道超声越来越多地应用于结肠癌的术前诊断,可清晰显示肠壁结构,准确定位,与其他影像学方法联合应用具有良好的诊断价值。本文就经腹超声在结肠癌术前分期诊断中的价值进行综述。     

下消化道出血的影像诊断

本文拟将肠道 X 线双重造影、选择性动脉血管造影、CT、超声及核素扫描在下消化道出血诊断中的应用介绍如下。一:X 线双重对比灌肠造影:小肠双重对比灌肠造影(简称 SBE)目前这种检查已广泛开展,国内也已有很多报告,更可喜的是已有部分基层医院利用国产设备开展这一检查,并且已积累了一定的经验。结肠气钡双重造影,可更清晰地显示结肠粘膜的微细结构。对用常规检查不易诊断的病变如小息肉、早期癌等均可作出诊断。王恭宪等报告500例这种造影,可以查出直径在2cm 以下的小结肠癌(17例)张覃泉等指出结肠息肉以结肠气钡双重造影检查显示率最高。     

胃肠道MR／CT影像新技术的初步研究

目的 探讨胃肠道MRI和CT造影的临床应用价值。材料与方法 病理证实的8例结肠病变和1例胃癌患者(共11个病灶)行MRH和电子内窥镜检查,其中1例同时行螺旋CT气灌肠检查。在工作站作MIP、SSD和内窥镜成像等后处理。钡餐或钡灌肠检查各1例。结果 9例MRH均获得了有诊断价值的MIP、SSD和内镜样影像,其对病灶的检出率分别为72.7％、36.4％和81.8％,准确性分别为61.5％、36.4％和69.2％。CT气灌肠准确显示了结肠癌灶,但1个直径0.6cm的息肉漏检.结论 胃肠道MRI和CT新技术可获得类似X线胃肠道造影和内窥镜样重建图像,其临床价值尚需进一步研究。     

结肠双对比造影及CT检查对结肠癌的诊断价值

目的：影像检查对结肠癌的诊断价值。材料与方法：搜集2006年至2010年经我院放射科结肠气钡双重造影及CT扫描检查患者。结果：双重造影293例。查出结肠癌21例,其中,CT扫描8例。均已病理证实。结论：结肠双对比造影结合CT检查是诊断结肠癌的重要检查方法。     

结肠绒毛状腺瘤影像诊断的价值

目的：探讨结肠绒毛状腺瘤影像诊断的意义和价值。方法：通过重点分析98例结肠绒毛状腺瘤的X线表现,并包括其中4例B超检查,6例CT检查和7例MRI检查的结果。观察其影像学表现,对照其诊断符合率。结果;结肠绒毛状腺瘤,特别是地毯型及菜花型在X线钡灌肠造影中有较特异的表现,X线检查对本组的诊断符合率较高,B超、CT、MRI对本病的特异性较低。结论：X线钡灌肠造影检查是诊断结肠绒毛状腺瘤重要而有效的手段。     

气钡灌肠结合超声检查诊断慢性梗阻性结肠癌的价值

目的 评价气钡灌肠双对比造影（气钡灌肠）诊断慢性梗阻性结肠癌结合超声检查的价值。方法 对16例气钡灌肠拟诊为慢性梗阻性结肠癌的病例均行超声检查。重点了解气钡灌肠显影不佳或不显影段肠管情况。结果 16例中钡灌肠检查定性。定位诊断符合率为100%（16/16）；所有病例结合超声检查均在术前明确了肿瘤大小。结肠受累范围，肠管狭窄程度，肿瘤外侵转移及梗阻以上肠道情况。结论 气钡灌肠诊断慢性梗阻性结肠癌结合超声检查，可获得更多客观数据，具有较大的临床实用价值。     

64层螺旋CT成像技术在结肠癌诊断中的价值

目的比较64层螺旋CT(MSCT)结肠成像与电子结肠镜、钡灌肠在结肠癌中的应用,探讨64层MSCT成像技术对结肠癌的诊断价值.方法将56例结肠癌病人结肠充气后进行64层MSCT扫描,扫描获得的原始图像利用工作站进行VR、CTVE、SSD及MPR-CTVE融合图像等图像重建.56例同时行钡灌肠检查,36例同时行电子结肠镜检查.将重建的VR图像、SSD图像与钡灌肠检查结果进行观察并对其评分;同时将重建的CTVE图像、MPR-CTVE融合图像与电子结肠镜结果进行对照研究,观察其在结肠癌诊断中的准确性.结果 64层MSCT对所有病人的诊断符合率为100%,钡灌肠的诊断准确率为73.21%(41/56),电子结肠镜的诊断准确率为83.33%(30/36).结论 64层MSCT成像技术在结肠癌的诊断中具有独特的优越性,可作为结肠癌的首选检查方法.     

多层螺旋CT在结肠癌诊断中的应用38例分析

目的 探讨16层螺旋CT(MSCT)对结肠癌的诊断价值.方法 对38例经手术病理证实的结肠癌患者进行MSCT增强扫描,并与纤维结肠镜(FC)、气钡灌肠对比造影对比.结果 MSCT充气增强扫描检查并结合多平面重组(MPR)、最大密度投影(MIP)、容积重建技术(SVR)及CT仿真结肠内镜(CTVE)能多方位、多角度观察病变.结论 多层螺旋CT增强扫描对结肠癌的诊断和治疗有较高的临床价值.     

Amyloidosis of the colon presenting as ischemic colitis: A case report and review of the literature

Review of the English literature revealed 21 cases describing abnormalities on barium enema secondary to amyloidosis of the colon. These cases were categorized as to frequency of specific barium enema findings and distribution within the colon. The most common radiologic findings were luminal narrowing (11 of 21), loss of haustrations (10 of 21), thickened mucosal folds (8 of 21), mucosal nodularity (8 of 21), and ulceration (6 of 21). The most frequent locations of disease within the colon were the descending and rectosigmoid portions (13 of 21). We present a case of primary amyloidosis that demonstrates the findings of bowel wall thickening and luminal narrowing on doublecontrast barium enema and computed tomography (CT). Pathologic examination in our case, in addition to similar observations from the literature, suggests that at least a part of the radiologic changes of colonic amyloid can be attributed to bowel ischemia.     

X线与CT检查对结肠癌的诊断价值

目的：探讨X线与CT扫描对结肠癌的诊断价值。材料与方法：对74例经活检、手术和病理证实的结肠癌患者的低张双对比钡剂灌肠造影和CT扫描图像进行分析。结果：通过低张双对比钡剂灌肠造影发现结肠癌患者66例,病变检出率为89．19％,其中黏膜改变：有61例患者,占92．42％;增生型：19例,占28．79％;浸润型：有56例,占84．85％;溃疡型：11例,占16．67％。CT扫描诊断的结肠癌患者为74例,病变检出率达100％。其中增生型：61例患者,占82．43％;浸润型：67例患者,占90．54％;溃疡型：19例,占25．68％。结论：低张双对比钡剂灌肠造影和CT扫描检查可有效地显示结肠癌的部位、大小、形态,能较为准确地判定结肠癌的侵犯范围及转移,对结肠癌的诊断意义重大。     

自发性胆囊内瘘43例分析

目的：总结自发性胆囊内瘘的诊治经验。方法：对43例胆囊内瘘的病例进行回顾性病例分析。结果：43例中胆囊十二指肠瘘28例，胆囊结肠瘘8例，胆囊胆总管、肝总管瘘9例，胆囊胃瘘3例，其中同时有两处瘘7例。术前B超检查41例，9例提示胆囊积气；1例提示胆囊壁腹腔面消失，右下腹探得结石影。7例术前行腹部平片检查，4例提示小肠梗阻；6例见结石影；2例显示胆道积气。8例行CT检查，其中2例显示胆囊、胆管气体。3例行ERCP，其中1例见十二指肠有异常造影剂溢出。术前仅9例考虑到胆囊内瘘的诊断，其余均在术中发现。43例均行胆囊切除或部分切除，37例胆囊胃肠瘘行瘘口修补，其中5例因瘘口过大利用部分胆囊壁来修补；4例胆囊胆管瘘在取尽结石后，经瘘口置T管引流，瘘口较大者亦利用胆囊壁修补。术后1例因感染性休克死亡；1例有少量胆漏，经引流治愈，其余均恢复良好。结论：萎缩性胆囊炎、胆囊结石应警惕合并胆囊内瘘。出现以下情况提示胆囊内瘘：(1)B超、CT、腹部平片发现胆道积气。(2)CT、腹部平片提示肠梗阻。有下列情况可确诊胆囊内瘘：(1)B超发现胆囊腹腔面消失。(2)B超、CT、腹部平片提示原有明确的胆囊结石消失或在异位出现。(3)ERCP、PTC等发现非胆管开口有胆汁或造影剂溢出。(4)口服造影剂或钡剂灌肠见造影剂进入胆囊。治疗应修补瘘口，瘘口过大可利用部分胆囊壁来修补。     

低张充水法螺旋CT扫描在食管、胃、结肠肿瘤中的临床应用

目的：为提高食管、胃、结肠癌的检出率,探讨食管癌、胃癌、结肠癌的ＣＴ检查方法。材料和方法：８０例消化管肿瘤（其中食管癌５例,贲门癌１９例,胃癌３４例,结肠癌２２例）,均经手术和病理证实。采用低张充水法行螺旋扫描及多体位扫描。结果：低张充水法可清楚地显示增厚的管壁和狭窄的管腔,有利于较早期病变的检出,增强后扫描有利于显示肿瘤向管壁侵犯的深度,以及向管壁外蔓延的范围,而多体位扫描则更有利于病变全貌的显     

Endoscopic ultrasonography in the assessment of colonic wall invasion by adjacent diseases

For assessing the direct invasion of the colonic wall by pelvic or abdominal tumors, endoscopic ultrasonography was performed prospectively in patients who were suspected of having colonic wall invasion by barium enema. Three patients with ovarian cancer, two with endometriosis, and one with pancreatic cancer were included in this study. Preoperative endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) revealed the relationship between the tumor and the colon in all cases. A surgical procedure was performed in all patients: resection of the tumor and a portion of the invaded colon (4) and removal of the tumor (only adhesion) (2). A correct preoperative diagnosis of the depth of tumor invasion was obtained in five of the six (83%) cases. In patients with pelvic or abdominal tumors, preoperative EUS may be useful for evaluating the presence and the degree of invasion of the colonic wall by the tumor.     

Fecal tagging: MR colonography without colonic cleansing

Colorectal cancer, mostly arising (>90%) from preexisting adenomatous polyps, continues to be the second leading cause of cancer death. Magnetic resonance colonography (MRC) permits accurate detection of colonic polyps with a diameter larger than 10 mm. Because residual colonic stool cannot be differentiated from polyps, MRC requires a clean colon. However, the rigors associated with colonic cleansing considerably reduce patient acceptance. The need for colonic cleansing could be eliminated, if stool were to acquire a signal intensity different from polyps and identical to the enema used to fill and distend the colon. In principle, there are two approaches to this concept of fecal tagging: dark polyps surrounded by bright stool and a bright enema, and bright polyps surrounded by dark stool and a dark enema. The first approach has been evaluated with some success. Gadolinium (Gd)-DOTA was administered as an oral contrast agent with meals preceding MRC based on the administration of a Gd-based enema. The high cost of Gd-based contrast has limited the clinical utility of this technique. In the second approach patients are provided with barium as an oral fecal tagging agent to render stool dark, and barium for the enema is used to distend the colon during MRC. The colonic wall and polyps arising from it can be made visible after intravenous administration of Gd-based extracellular contrast. This method provides sufficient contrast between the darkened colonic lumen and the brightly enhanced colonic wall to permit virtual endoscopic rendering. Preliminary results showed an exact correlation with findings of conventional endoscopy and surgery. Fecal tagging obviates bowel cleansing and therefore should enhance patient acceptance for MR colonoscopy. Barium as the tagging agent is promising because it is inexpensive, commercially available, and characterized by an excellent safety profile.     

原发性小肠肿瘤X线及CT表现

目的分析原发性小肠肿瘤的X线及CT表现,探讨其诊断价值.方法回顾分析经手术病理证实的原发性小肠肿瘤28例的临床资料和小肠钡剂造影及CT表现.28例均行数字化小肠气钡追踪造影,2例行小肠灌肠造影,7例行多层螺旋CT扫描.结果原发性小肠肿瘤小肠气钡造影表现包括充盈缺损、管腔狭窄、黏膜破坏或受压、管壁僵硬、龛影、肠梗阻或肠套叠.CT扫描表现为软组织块影、管壁增厚及肠管受压或狭窄.结论原发性小肠肿瘤X线表现具有一定特征,结合临床表现可明确诊断,与CT检查相结合可提高诊断率.     

急诊多层螺旋CT检查在结肠癌合并肠穿孔中的应用

目的:评价多层螺旋CT(MSCT)对结肠癌合并肠壁穿孔的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析21例经手术证实的结肠癌合并穿孔的临床及MSCT资料。结果:本组21例中,X线腹平片发现腹部游离气体15例,CT见腹部游离气体18例;21例均发现结肠管壁不同程度的增厚,伴有肠梗阻8例。CT术前正确诊断肠穿孔18例(85.7%);术前正确诊断肠癌合并穿孔16例(76.1%)。结论 :MSCT对结肠癌合并肠穿孔具有较高的术前诊断价值。     

Spontaneous dissection of air into the transverse mesocolon during double-contrast barium enema

Intramural perforation of the colon proximal to the rectosigmoid is a rare complication of the barium enema examination. We present a case in which air and barium entered the wall of the transverse colon, and then dissected through the transverse mesocolon during double-contrast barium enema in an asymptomatic patient with no known underlying colonic disease.     

Water as contrast medium for computed tomography study of colonic wall lesions

A tap water enema combined with intravenous iodine contrast medium was used for computed tomographic (CT) study of the entire clean colon in 35 patients. Thirty of them showed a high suspicion of rectal, colon, or cecal pathology at either clinical examination, barium enema study, or endoscopy. The remaining five patients were examined for suspected local recurrence of carcinoma. This CT technique detected the wall abnormality in all but one case with two small adenomatous polyps. This procedure, which is simple, inexpensive, and has a good acceptance and tolerance, can accurately detect mural wall abnormalities.