胚胎小肠S-100+树突状细胞的组织分布

目的：观察人胚胎小肠树突状细胞(dendritic cells,DCs)的组织分布。方法：应用SABC免疫组织化学法对人胚胎小肠DC的出现时间、分布部位、形态以及数量等进行研究。结果：(1)人胚胎小肠各段S-100^ DC于第9～11W相继出现,主要分布于粘膜固有层,外形不规则,第24W以后,其突起相连逐渐在固有层形成网状结构。(2)回肠集合淋巴小结S-100^ DC以滤泡问区数量最多,其外形相对规则。结论：人胚胎小肠S-100^ DC主要分布于固有层,其数量随胎龄的增加而逐渐增加,而回肠集合淋巴小结S-100DC呈区域性分布,它们与固有层S-DC在形状、大小和数量上有所不同。     

Immunocytochemical study of human lymphoid tissues with monoclonal antibodies against S-100 protein subunits

Summary The present study concerns the immunocytochemical localization of S-100 protein and subunits in the cells of human lymphoreticular tissue and their related tumours. The subunit is mainly localized in dendritic cells, most likely the dendritic reticulum cells (DRCs) located within the germinal centers, while the subunit is mainly localized in the interdigitating reticulum cells (IRCs) in the paracortical area and in Histiocytosis X cells. No immunoreactivity for either subunit was found in the majority of normal lymphocytes, macrophages, malignant lymphoma cells, or xanthoma cells.The DRCs and IRCs are generally considered to show different distribution in the lymphoid tissues and demonstrate some difference in their immunocytochemical and enzyme-histochemical features. It is suggested that S-100 subunits can be used as useful markers for these two types of dendritic cells and investigation of these subunits may provide more information for the study of human lymphoreticular system.     

Absence of S-100 protein in prostatic glands

In eight cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia, two of which also contained well-differentiated prostatic adenocarcinoma, staining for S-100 protein was negative. These findings support the view that the outer layer of cells in prostatic acini is not myoepithelial in nature.     

Counts of S-100 positive epidermal dendritic cells in Kveim test skin biopsies

S-100 positive epidermal dendritic cells were counted in skin biopsies from 48 Kveim tests and four known foreign-body reactions. Counts in histologically positive Kveim biopsies (mean 11.3 per 200 basal cells) were significantly higher than in either negative biopsies (5.1; P less than 0.001) or foreign-body reactions (4.7; P less than 0.05). A similar difference was found, irrespective of the histological appearances, between biopsies from patients diagnosed clinically as having sarcoidosis (10.5) and those in which another diagnosis had been made (4.1; P less than 0.001). In biopsies from patients with sarcoidosis 70% had a positive Kveim test, 70% had a raised epidermal dendritic cell count and one or the other was positive in 90%. All cases in which both the Kveim test was positive and the dendritic cell count was raised had a final clinical diagnosis of sarcoidosis. Counts of S-100 positive epidermal dendritic cells are useful in differentiating positive reactions to Kveim suspension from non-specific reactions to foreign material and increase the diagnostic confidence of the Kveim test.     

S-100 protein+ dendritic cells and CD34+ dendritic interstitial cells in thyroid lesions

Dendritic cells (DCs) are antigen-presenting cells and mature from precursor CD34⁺ stromal cells (dendritic interstitial cells [DICs]) or monocytes. The aim of the present study was to gain insight into the local immune response to various thyroid lesions. We investigated, immunohistochemically, the presence of S-100⁺ DCs and CD34⁺ DICs in 13 papillary carcinomas, 10 follicular carcinomas, 7 follicular adenomas, 1 Hurthle cell carcinoma, 1 Hurthle cell adenoma, 2 medullary carcinomas, 6 undifferentiated carcinomas, and 3 nodular goiters. Dense infiltrates of S-100⁺ DCs were noted in the majority of papillary carcinomas (mean: 66.4), while moderate infiltrates were observed in follicular adenomas (mean: 23.3), follicular carcinomas (mean: 23.5), and undifferentiated carcinomas (mean: 31.6). The remaining lesions showed slight infiltrates of scattered DCs. DICs were noted exclusively in neoplastic lesions, specifically at the periphery and within the tumor capsule. The increased number of DCs in papillary carcinomas is possibly correlated with their good prognosis. The specific distribution of DICs suggests a possible contribution to growth regulation of thyroid neoplasms.     

S-100 protein distribution in liposarcoma An immunoperoxidase study with special reference to the distinction of liposarcoma from myxoid malignant fibrous histiocytoma

The presence and distribution of S-100 protein were studied in 63 cases of liposarcoma and 20 cases of myxoid malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH), using the immunoperoxidase technique. Normal adipose tissue and benign lipomatous tumours were also studied by the same technique, for purposes of comparison. In all liposarcomas, most of the adipocytes and vacuolated lipoblasts were positive for S-100 protein, although the tumour cells in non-lipogenic areas of dedifferentiated liposarcoma and the non-vacuolated giant cells with a deeply eosinophilic cytoplasm in the pleomorphic liposarcomas were devoid of S-100 protein immunoreaction products. One third of the myxoid type liposarcomas contained numerous immunoreactive, immature-appearing spindle or oval cells, reminiscent of the primitive fat organs of white adipose tissue. Conversely, none of the myxoid MFHs contained S-100 protein in the tumour cells, including the irregularly vacuolated ones. These results suggests that the immunohistochemical demonstration of S-100 protein is a useful diagnostic tool, particularly for the assessment of vacuolated tumour cells and for the diagnosis of myxoid tumours.     

Immunocytochemical localization of S-100 protein in interstitial cells of the monkey Macaca irus pineal gland

Pineal interstitial cells of the monkey Macaca irus were shown to react with an anti-human S-100 protein antibody, using the indirect immunoperoxidase technique on sections of paraplast-embedded pineal glands. Immunoreactivity was seen in the cytoplasm of the cells, stellate in shape and intermingled with pinealocytes; the latter did not stain with the antiserum against S-100 protein. Immunoreactivity was also present in the nuclei, as was reported in various other cell types immunostained with anti-S-100 protein antibodies. The present results support the view that interstitial cells of the monkey Macaca irus pineal gland may be of astroglial origin.     

Immunohistochemical demonstration of S-100 protein in salivary gland neoplasms

A peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique for S-100 protein has been applied to 68 salivary glands. These included 17 pleomorphic adenomas, seven adenoid cystic carcinomas, 23 adenolymphomas and a number of other neoplasms. In addition, five specimens of myoepithelial sialadenitis ('benign lymphoepithelial lesion') and five normal parotid glands were included. Consistent results were obtained, myoepithelial cells and cells in myxoid and chondroid areas in pleomorphic adenomas staining intensely. In adenoid cystic carcinoma, on the other hand, there was no staining. The adenolymphomas possessed intensely S-100 protein-positive cells in the interfollicular lymphoid areas; these were probably interdigitating reticulum cells. In addition, branching structures, probably corresponding to Langerhans' cells, were observed in the epithelium of adenolymphomas.     

Localization of S-100 protein in a Leydig and Sertoli cell tumour of testis

A Sertoli-Leydig cell tumour of testis presented some diagnostic difficulties. The tumour cells showed strong expression of S-100 antigen. Preliminary study of non-neoplastic testis suggests that Leydig cells and, to a lesser extent, Sertoli cells express S-100 antigen; its localization may be of value in the diagnosis of sex cord-stromal tumours of testis.     

S-100 protein positive cells in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC): Absence of prognostic significance

Summary An immunohistochemical study of S-100 protein in 43 nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPC) of known clinical evolution (33 primary and 10 metastatic) is presented. Sixty per cent of primary site cases as well as all metastatic forms showed S-100 protein positive cells intermingled with tumour cells. These S-100 positive elements were identified as Langerhans cells. No significant differences were found when correlating S-100 protein positivity and histological NPC variants, neither in age nor in sex of patients. Statistical analysis failed to demonstrate any positive correlation between S-100 protein reactivity and clinical survival.     

Increased S-100 protein-immunoreactivity of Kupffer cells is associated with lymphohematological malignancy

The distribution of S-100 protein in normal tissue has been studied extensively. However, little is known about its expression in pathologic states. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of S100 protein in diseased human liver, especially in Kupffer cells. One hundred cases of autopsy livers originating from patients with various diseases were examined. Increased S-100-immunoreactivity of Kupffer cells was observed in six cases. Of the six cases, four were derived from a lymphohematologic malignancy, such as B cell lymphoma, B cell lymphoblastic leukemia, muitiple myeloma and chronic myelogenous leukemia with lymphoblastic crisis. Lymphohematologic malignancy accounted for 16 out of the 100 cases examined. Thus, increased S-100-positive Kupffer cells was significantly associated with lymphohematologic malignancy (P<0.01); 25% (4/16) in cases with lymphohematologic malignancy versus 2.4% (2/84) in the remaining cases. Moreover, some of these S-100-positive Kupffer cells were positive for S-100 β-subunit, which is not normally expressed by Kupffer cells. Although the reason for this increased S-100-immunoreactivity is speculative, the authors' hypothesis is that tumor cells may produce some factor(s) that induce the expression of S-100 protein in Kupffer cells.     

S-100 protein-positive Langerhans cells in various human lung cancers,especially in peripheral adenocarcinomas

Summary The appearance of S-100 protein-positive Langerhans cells was studied in 90 cases of various lung cancers by an immunohistochemical method. S-100 protein-positive dendritic cells were frequently observed in many adenocarcinomas, especially in those subclassified as bronchiolar cell or type II alveolar cell type. However, no S-100 protein-positive cells were found in goblet cell type adenocarcinoma. In some cases of squamous cell carcinoma and large cell carcinoma, these dendritic cells were also observed though they were fewer in number. In all cases of small cell carcinoma, however, S-100 protein-positive dendritic cells were rare. Electron microscopic study of two adenocarcinomas clearly demonstrated many Birbeck granules in the cytoplasm of S-100 protein-positive dendritic cells and confirmed that S-100 protein-positive cells in lung cancer were identical with Langerhans cells.     

B16黑色素瘤组织中上皮型钙黏附分子和S-100蛋白的表达及意义

目的:探讨B16黑色素瘤小鼠体内上皮型钙黏附分子与S-100蛋白的表达在肿瘤侵袭及转移过程中发挥的作用。方法:C57纯系小鼠分为12d和25d肿瘤组和正常对照组。肿瘤组将B16黑色素瘤细胞人工植入C57小鼠背部皮下,制荷瘤鼠模型,免疫组织化学法检测肿瘤病变中心区及交界区皮肤上皮型钙黏附分子和S-100的表达。结果:12d肿瘤组肿瘤组织中S-100蛋白表达的面密度和数密度明显增高,与正常对照组和25d肿瘤组比较差异有统计学意义;肿瘤组织中上皮型钙黏附分子表达的面密度和数密度较正常对照组明显降低。结论:上皮型钙黏附分子和S-100蛋白的异常表达在皮肤黑色素瘤的恶性进展过程中起重要作用,其表达程度可作为判断黑色素瘤恶性程度及预后的指标之一。     

Immunohistochemical study of neuron specific enolase and S-100 protein in Hirschsprung's disease

Summary The distribution of whole differentiated neurons in the intestines from 15 children with Hirschsprung's disease was investigated using neuron specific enolase (NSE) and the perineuronal elements were studied using S-100 protein immunostaining.In aganglionic segments, NSE immunoreactive ganglion cells and S-100 positive satellite cells were absent, but the hypertrophic nerve trunks did show a markedly positive NSE and S-100 immunoreactivity.Two different forms of aganglionic segment were present. One was the middle aganglionic segment of long segment aganglionosis which was almost completely dennervated. In the other type, there were several NSE positive nerve fibers in the muscularis propria of both the aganglionic segment of short segment aganglionosis and the distal aganglionic segment of long segment aganglionosis. These latter two aganglionic segments seemed to be innervated by extrinsic nerves.     

S-100 protein: a prognostic indicator in cutaneous malignant melanoma?

A series of 215 cases of cutaneous malignant melanoma referred to a single department of clinical oncology between 1940 and 1969 was studied to assess the accuracy of the Breslow thickness and the role of S-100 protein in predicting the clinical prognosis. Histological examination of these tumours showed that although the Breslow thickness correlated well with prognosis, in a significant number of cases it did not reliably forecast clinical outcome. From this series, tissue from those patients who survived disease-free for more than 10 years and those who died within a year of diagnosis was stained immunohistochemically for S-100 protein. Contrary to the findings of earlier studies, strong staining for S-100 protein was associated with improved survival (P less than 0.001). A marked increase in the incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma was noted during the period of the study.     

Neurospecific S-100 protein in synaptosomes of the rat cerebral cortex

A nonspecific S-100 protein was found in the composition of low-molecular-weight acid proteins from synaptosomes of the rat cerebral cortex by capillary microdisc electrophoresis in 15% polyacrylamide gel with 0.1% sodium dodecysulfate and with the aid of a highly purified marker protein. The S-100 protein accounted for 15–20% of the lowmolecular-weight acid synaptosomal proteins.Research Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. S. Il'in). Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 81, No. 2, pp. 164–166, February, 1976.     

Demonstration of S-100 protein in sustentacular cells of phaeochromocytomas and paragangliomas

Eighteen phaeochromocytomas, including both sporadic and familial cases, four cervical paragangliomas, two jugular paragangliomas, and one abdominal paraganglioma were examined immunohistochemically for the presence of S-100 protein. Positive staining in cells morphologically similar to the sustentacular cells of normal paraganglia and adrenal medulla were found in all paragangliomas and in the benign and aggressively growing phaeochromocytomas. In the two malignant tumours no positive reaction was demonstrated. In one tumour the sustentacular cells were shown to contain glial fibrillary acidic protein further supporting their Schwann cell relationship. The number of S-100 positive cells varied considerably. They demonstrated a spindle celled or elongated configuration with long slender processes. The nature of the sustentacular cell proliferation, neoplastic versus reactive, is discussed.     

Immunohistochemical distribution of S-100 protein and glial fibrillary acidic protein in normal and neoplastic salivary glands

Summary Immunohistochemical localization of S-100 protein, its and subunits, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in normal and neoplastic salivary glands was studied by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method and immunoblot analysis. Positive immunostaining for S-100 protein was observed in pleomorphic adenoma, adenolymphoma, tubular adenoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, acinic cell tumour, adenocarcinoma and carcinoma in pleomorphic adenoma. S-100 protein was localized in myoepithelial cells, epithelial cells of intercalated ducts and serous acinar cells of normal salivary gland. Both and subunits of S-100 protein showed almost identical distribution in normal and neoplastic salivary glands, but skeletal muscle cells were -positive/-negative whereas Schwann cells and fat cells were -negative/-positive in the stroma and neighbouring tissue. GFAP was only found in pleomorphic adenoma and its malignant counterpart. Immunoblot analysis showed that the GFAP-related antigen consisted of several polypeptide bands with a molecular weight ranging between 35,000 to 50,000 daltons.     

Recruitment of dendritic cells in human liver with metastases

Dendritic cells (DCs) play a key role in the generation of antitumor immune responses as the most potent professional antigen-presenting cells. In this study we examined the distribution of DCs subsets in selected areas of liver metastases and adjacent liver tissue of 74 patients with gastrointestinal cancers (14 gastric, 47 colon, and 13 rectal) using immunohistochemistrty for the DCs markers S-100 protein, HLA-DR, CD1a, and CD83. S-100 protein-positive DCs were localized mainly in clusters in metastases and at the tumor border with the surrounding liver tissue, while HLA-DR-positive DCs were significantly more in number (P < 0.0001) and were diffusely distributed in metastasis stroma and at the tumor border. S-100 protein-positive DCs with mature phenotype were presented around metastases and in the sinusoidal lumena, whereas S-100 protein-positive DCs with less mature phenotype based on their ultrastructure were scattered in the tumor stroma. CD1a- and CD83-positive DCs were observed predominantly in small groups or as single cells in the tumor stroma and in the invasive margin. The numbers of CD1a-positive DCs (immature) and CD83-positive DCs (mature) were comparable, but significantly lower than that of S-100 protein-positive (P < 0.0001) and HLA-DR-positive cells (P < 0.0001).We observed more S-100 protein-positive DCs and HLA-DR-expressing cells in the sinusoids and portal tracts of the liver tissue, surrounding metastases, than in control liver tissue. In conclusion, this study provides additional information on the functional subtypes and distribution of DCs infiltrating metastatic tissue and local liver environment in patients with liver metastases from gastrointestinal cancers.