福建省传染病疫情态势分析

疫情信息工作对制定疾病控制策略至关重要,2001年福建省实现国家、省、市、县四级疫情报告工作的计算机网络管理和以省为单位疫情个案管理。现将2001年福建省传染病疫情态势分析报告如下。     

Menstrual Suppression, Iron Homeostasis, and Disease Risk

Menstrual blood loss may reduce risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular and other diseases in premenopausal women (compared to men of comparable age and postmenopausal women) by maintaining relatively low levels of body iron as measured by the serum ferritin. The impact of menstrual suppression and cessation has not been adequately studied for the effects on ferritin levels or disease risk. Evidence for increased disease risk with rising body iron stores and effects of menstrual suppression on iron homeostasis are reviewed. We postulate that monitoring ferritin levels may guide preservation of optimal iron stores to reduce disease risk during menstrual suppression and cessation.     

全国各省法定传染病疫情动态摘抄(200502期)

流行性腮腺炎,海南：1月全省共报告发病264例,占丙类传染病总报告发病数的56．53％,比上月增加144例,上升120．00％;比去年同月增加261例,上升8700．00％。无死亡病例报告。自2004年11月至2005年1月,累计报告发病前三位的市县是海口市(224例),安定县(63例),陵水县(56例)。病人以15岁以下儿童为主,占90．32％。15岁以下儿童中,发病人数集中在6—10岁组,占70．18％。     

SARS-CoV-2 Testing Before International Airline Travel,December 2020 to May 2021

Although there have been several case reports and simulation models of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission associated with air travel, there are limited data to guide testing strategy to minimize the risk of SARS-CoV-2 exposure and transmission onboard commercial aircraft. Among 9853 passengers with a negative SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction test performed within 72 hours of departure from December 2020 through May 2021, five (0.05%) passengers with active SARS-CoV-2 infection were identified with rapid antigen tests and confirmed with rapid molecular test performed before and after an international flight from the United States to Italy. This translates to a case detection rate of 1 per 1970 travelers during a time of high prevalence of active infection in the United States. A negative molecular test for SARS-CoV-2 within 72 hours of international airline departure results in a low probability of active infection identified on antigen testing during commercial airline flight.     

Risk Factor Prevalence,Risk Status and Perceived Risk for Coronary Heart Disease among Thai Elderly

28–29 March 2000 Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Ube, Japan (Local Organizers: Junko Yoneda and Susumu Tomonaga, Yamaguchi University)     

Clustering of Crohn's Disease in a Cotswold Village

The first large cluster of patients with Crohn's disease, identifiedin the parish of Blockley, Gloucestershire is reported. Twelvepatients with Crohn's disease have been identified of whom onlytwo (a father and daughter) are known to be related. The ageand sex distribution and macroscopic site of disease at diagnosisis similar to that expected in an unselected series. The identificationof such a cluster suggests that environmental factors may beimportant in pathogenesis.     

Pregnancy,Fertility, and Contraception Risk in the Context of Chronic Disease

Chronic health conditions complicate everyday choices patients make regarding their health and reproductive options. The risks and possible complications of existing conditions should be clearly communicated to patients so they can make informed decisions regarding their care. This compilation of 4 articles presents the fertility, infertility, and contraceptive challenges faced by individuals living with 4 common chronic conditions: systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, scoliosis, and organ transplant history. The article centers on reproductive concerns and risks facing both men and women affected by these disorders. It is critical that clinicians be aware of the unique issues these patients face so that appropriate education and counseling can be provided. These articles provide a basic understanding of the issues and concerns for these 4 chronic conditions.     

陕西省2004年传染病疫情报告信息质量评价

目的初步评价陕西省实行网络直报后传染病疫情报告的信息质量状况,探讨影响报告及时性的主要因素,提高疫情报告的及时性、敏感性和准确性。方法通过《中国疾病预防控制信息系统》中的子系统《疾病监测信息报告管理系统》获取陕西省2004报告的乙类、丙类传染病报告卡;从系统中导出Excel数据库,运用SPSS12.0软件对数据进行处理、统计分析。结果陕西省内县及县以上医院直报率达90.97%;报告单位以综合医院为主,占77.87%;全年仅有少数未审卡和重卡存在;有两个县区分别出现1月次零缺报现象;全省传染病诊断到报告1.87d,报告到审核0.91h,诊断到审核2.63天;报告的及时性比实行网络直报前缩短3.9d。结论诊断到报告时间是影响报告及时性的主要因素;全省各市对传染病报告卡信息的审核质量参差不齐;网络直报工作急需规范管理;针对问题提出了建议。     

International Travel by Persons With Medical Comorbidities: Understanding Risks and Providing Advice

ObjectiveTo describe the medical conditions, travel plans, counseling, and medications prescribed for high-risk international travelers.Patients and MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted from March 1, 2008, through July 31, 2010, in 5 clinics in the greater Boston area. We assessed all travelers seen for pretravel care and compared demographic characteristics, travel plans, pretravel counseling, and interventions for healthy and high-risk travelers (as defined by medical history or pregnancy).ResultsOf 15,440 travelers, 2769 (17.9%) were high-risk; 644 of 2769 (23.3%) were immunocompromised travelers, 2056 (74.3%) had medical comorbidities, and 69 (2.5%) were pregnant women. The median age of high-risk travelers was 47 years compared with 32 years for healthy travelers (P=.0001). High-risk travelers visited the clinic a median of 25 days (range, 10-44 days) before departure. Overall, 2562 (93.9%) of high-risk travelers visited countries with medium or high risk of typhoid fever, 2340 (85.7%) visited malaria-risk countries, and 624 (22.8%) visited yellow fever–endemic countries. Of travelers to yellow fever–endemic countries, 8 of 23 (34.8%) pregnant women and 64 of 144 (44.4%) immunocompromised travelers received yellow fever vaccine. Of eligible high-risk travelers, 11 of 76 (14.5%) received a pneumococcal vaccine, 213 of 640 (33.3%) influenza vaccine, and 956 of 2681 (35.7%) either tetanus-diphtheria or tetanus-diphtheria-pertussis vaccine.ConclusionHigh-risk travelers made up nearly 20% of patients in these travel clinics, and they mostly traveled to destinations with malaria and typhoid risk. For health care professionals caring for travelers with underlying medical problems, providing appropriate travel counseling and making vaccine decisions, such as for yellow fever, are complex. Travelers with complicated medical histories may warrant evaluation by an experienced travel medicine specialist.     

Cardiac CT: Global Use and Comparison of International Guidelines

Purpose of Review

There has been an exponential growth in cardiovascular imaging resulting in the requirement for guidance and appropriateness criteria. The first appropriateness criteria for cardiac CT were published in 2006 and since numerous national and international societies have published guidance specific to their country, population and health economy. These guidelines have been through multiple iterations in response to large trials in cardiac CT. This paper aims to review and compare these guidelines specifically with respect to the performing and reporting of cardiovascular CT and on the use of cardiac CT in the investigation of suspected asymptomatic coronary artery disease, stable coronary artery disease and acute coronary syndrome. The global use of cardiac CT in comparison to other non-invasive imaging modalities will also be considered.

Recent Findings

There is a growing use of cardiac CT and this, along with updated guidelines, is likely to be secondary to the growing evidence base. Cardiac CT continues to lag behind other non-invasive cardiac imaging modalities.

Summary

Comparison of national and international guidelines remains problematic as societies update their guidelines at different times as the evidence base evolves. More recent guidelines support increased indications for CTCA which is likely in response to the increasing evidence base predicated on improved prognosis and clinical outcome.