腓骨肌萎缩症1型患者肌电图及PMP22基因特点分析

目的探讨和研究腓骨肌萎缩症1型(Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease 1,CMT1)患者肌电图和PMP22基因改变特点。方法对43例CMT1患者进行常规神经传导速度和肌电图检查,应用PCR双酶切方法对其中33例CMT1患者及15名健康志愿者(对照组)检测17p11.2-12 PMP22基因重复序列(即1760bp片段)。33例CMT1患者依有无17p11.2-12 PMP22基因特异性片段分为PMP22基因特异性片段阳性组与阴性组,比较两组患者神经传导改变有无差异。结果 43例患者均行肌电图检测,均表现为运动或感觉神经传导速度存在明显减慢(100%),感觉神经病变重于运动神经,下肢受累程度重于上肢;所检129块肌肉中,88块(68.2%)呈神经源性损害。经PMP22基因学检测的33例中20例(60.6%)检测出1760bp片断,对照组均未检测到此片段。PMP22基因特异性片段阳性组感觉神经传导速度、运动神经传导速度及远端潜伏期与阴性组比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 CMT1患者肌电图改变具有其特异性,结合PCR-双酶切法检测PMP22特异性基因重复序列可提高诊断CMT1的准确性及敏感性。     

基因重复的进行性腓骨肌萎缩症1A型临床与电生理研究

目的研究有基因重复的进行性腓骨肌萎缩症1A型(Charcot-Marie-Tooth病1A,CMT1A)临床与电生理特点。方法对来自21个家系的22名CMT1A病人临床特点进行总结,同时分析其电生理特征,包括肌电图(EMG)、运动神经传导速度(MCV)和感觉神经传导速度(SCV)。结果18例病人20岁以前发病;20例为散发;均具有肢体远端肌肉无力和萎缩、腱反射减弱或消失、足畸形和上肢姿势震颤等典型的临床表现,偶尔合并膝腱反射活跃、病理征阳性、脊柱侧弯、足部溃疡和眼震等。17/22的病人肌电图上出现纤颤、正相电位,18/22的病人运动单位电位时限延长。有基因重复的CMT1A病人正中神经MCV与无基因重复的CMT1A病人无显著性差异。20/22的病人下肢SCV引不出,2/3以上病人下肢MCV引不出。结论本组病人散发病例多,临床表现差异较大。电生理特点为下肢神经病变重于上肢,感觉神经病变重于运动神经。CMT1A病人虽然基因型相同,表现型却存在差异。     

周围髓鞘蛋白22基因重复突变致夏科-马里-图斯病1A亚型的临床变异性

目的 探讨夏科-马里-图斯病(CMT)患者周围髓鞘蛋白22(PMP22)基因重复突变特征及临床变异性.方法 联合应用改良的等位基因特异性PCR-双酶切和基于荧光标记毛细管电泳短串联重复序列(STR)分析对45例临床拟诊CMT患者进行PMP22基因重复突变的检测,详细分析其中阳性病例的临床特征.结果 在45例拟诊CMT患者中共检测出PMP22基因重复病例21例,包括10例临床特征符合四肢远端萎缩无力的典型CMT1型患者和11例不典型的CMT患者,后者具有特殊表型:1例仅以轻度头晕就诊;1例合并听力障碍;2例以反复发作性肢体无力起病;2例伴有上肢姿势性震颤;4例伴有小脑性共济失调;1例伴有癫(癎)发作.结论 PMP22基因重复突变为CMT病最常见的病因,改良的等位基因特异性PCR-双酶切提供了一种准确、可靠并易于操作的检测方法,有助于该病的诊断和鉴别.同时,通过综合分析PMP22重复突变阳性的CMT1A患者临床表现、电生理及病理特征,提示该组疾病具有高度的临床变异性.     

腓骨肌萎缩症电生理、病理和基因定位研究

目的研究腓骨肌萎缩症(CMT)临床特征、基因测定、病理及神经电生理检查在其诊断和分型中的价值。方法收集50例CMT患者临床资料,对其进行肌电图检查及腓肠神经活检,并采用PCR技术直接测序进行基因突变分析。结果 40例CMT患者双下肢运动及感觉传导速度减慢(双胫、腓总神经为15~28 m/s,腓肠神经为12~30 m/s),10例双下肢未引出反应电位;50例正中神经运动及感觉传导速度亦减慢分别为19~48 m/s和20~52 m/s。CMT患者神经传导速度减慢的程度和临床表现的严重程度并不平行。腓肠神经活检符合慢性脱髓鞘部分伴轴索改变性周围神经病。PMP22、Cx32、MPZ、MFN2、GDAP1致病基因的突变分析发现14例患者存在PMP22基因的大片段重复突变(28%),13例患者存在Cx32基因的点突变(26%),4例患者存在MPZ基因的点突变(8%),3例患者存在MFN2基因的点突变(6%),未发现GDAP1基因的突变,16例患者未检测出上述基因突变。结论电生理、病理、基因测定在CMT的诊断及分型中有重要价值。     

腓骨肌萎缩症(CMT)1型的临床、神经电生理及CMT1A型基因诊断方法的研究

目的 观察腓骨肌萎缩症(CMT)1型患者的临床表现及神经电生理特点,同时利用两种不同方法检测CMT1A型相关基因是否存在突变,并分析两种方法的临床应用价值以进一步确定CMT1A型的诊断.方法 对临床确诊为CMT1型的5例患者进行详细的临床及神经电生理检查,同时对所有患者利用等位基因特异性PCR及MLPA两种方法进行PMP22基因重复突变检测.结果 4例患者20岁前发病,其中2例有家族史,1例患者30岁左右发病.临床特点为进行性四肢远端无力伴肌萎缩,四肢远端感觉减退,腱反射均减弱或消失,2例患者出现弓型足.神经电生理检查示神经传导速度减慢,波幅轻度降低.两种基因检测均发现1例患者存在PMP22基因重复突变.结论 CMT1型发病年龄较早,主要表现为进行性四肢无力伴肌萎缩,神经电生理可见神经传导速度明显降低,波幅略有降低.等位基因特异性PCR和MLPA两种方法检测基因突变结果一致.     

腓骨肌萎缩症1型18例电生理分析

目的分析腓骨肌萎缩症1型（Charcot-Marie-Tooth病,CMT1）电生理特点。方法应用肌电图仪检测和分析来自12家系18例CMT1型病人的电生理特征,包括肌电图（EMG）、运动神经传导速度（MCV）和感觉神经传导速度（SCV）。结果15例的病人肌电图上出现纤颤、正相电位,15例病人有运动电位时限延长。正中神经SCV有13例未测出,而对应的MCV只有1例未测出。腓总神经、胫神经的MCV分别有9、10例未测出而正中神经MCV只有1例未测出。结论电生理特点为下肢神经病变重于上肢,感觉神经病变重于运动神经。感觉、运动神经均受累,不同病人受累程度不一致;CMT1型病人同一家系,表现存在差异。     

确诊为PMP22大片段重复突变腓骨肌萎缩症患者的临床特点

目的探讨确诊为PMP22大片段重复突变腓骨肌萎缩症(CMT)患者的临床特点。方法在近年来所搜集的65个CMT家系中,用实时荧光定量PCR确诊出18个PMP22大片段重复突变的家系,对这些家系的临床特点进行回顾性分析。结果18个被确诊为PMP22大片段重复突变CMT家系患者中,发病年龄10～56岁,平均年龄16.6岁,病程3～26年,平均14.1年,首发症状为双下肢肌肉萎缩伴乏力者最为常见,占88.9%,所有患者均存在不同程度的双下肢萎缩,双上肢无力伴萎缩9例,占50%,跨阈步态8例,占44.4%,弓形足畸形10例,占55.6%,双下肢感觉减退7例,占38.9%,双上肢感觉障碍3例,占16.7%,颅神经损害罕见;肌电图检查15例出现纤颤电位,16例出现运动单位时限延长,神经传导速度(NCV)检查:15例NCV速度减慢,平均正中神经传导速度为(25.68±7.6)m/s;病理检查显示15例神经纤维间结缔组织增生,有髓纤维数目减少,14例患者可见洋葱球样改变。结论本病临床特点与国外文献报道非常相似,大多于青少年期起病,均以肢体远端无力与萎缩,骨骼畸形为主要表现,感觉障碍较国外患者常见;电生理改变以纤颤电位和运动单位时限延长为主,病理改变以神经纤维结缔组织增生、有髓纤维数目减少和洋葱球样改变多见。     

常染色体显性遗传腓骨肌萎缩症的临床与基因突变特点

目的:探讨常染色体显性遗传腓骨肌萎缩症(CMT)患者的临床与基因突变的特点。方法:对43个常染色体显性遗传CMT家系共106例患者的临床表现、电生理和病理特点进行回顾性分析,并进行PMP22的大片段重复突变和PMP22、MPZ、SIMPLE、EGR2、RAB7、NEFL、MFN2、Hsp27及Hsp22基因突变分析。结果: CMT1A和CMT1B致病基因分别为PMP22的大片段重复突变和MPZ基因,这两型患者起病较早,临床表现多见起始于下肢远端的肌无力萎缩,伴感觉减退或缺失,神经系统检查可见小腿肌肉明显萎缩,膝、踝反射减低或消失,弓形足,神经电生理检查示神经传导速度减慢,病理改变可见髓鞘脱失。CMT2A2、CMT2F和CMT2L致病基因分别为MFN2、Hsp27及Hsp22基因,发病率较CMT1低,发病年龄比CMT1较迟,临床症状与CMT1相比,运动系统受累较感觉系统更明显,神经传导速度常在正常范围,病理改变呈轴索变性。结论:基因突变分析结果与临床特点一致,准确性高、损伤小,可早期诊断,值得广泛应用于临床,特别是有家族史的患者或高危亲属。     

29例腓骨肌萎缩症患者的神经电生理检测特征性分析

目的 探讨腓骨肌萎缩症(Charot-Marie-Tooth disease,CMT)患者的神经电生理改变特点.方法 应用美国Nicolet公司的Viking Ⅳ肌电图/诱发电位仪对29例腓骨肌萎缩症患者进行周围神经传导速度及肌电图检测,对所得结果进行同顾性总结和分析.结果 100%患者被检的运动或感觉神经传导速度存在不同程度的减慢或消失,且感觉神经病变重于运动神经,下肢受累程度重于上肢;70块被检肌肉中,43块(61.4%)呈神经源性损害,5块(7.2%)呈可疑神经源性损害,以远端肌肉病变严重;患者年龄越大,肌肉受累程度越严重,相反,年龄偏小的患者则以神经传导速度减慢为主.结论 不同CMT患者的肌肉受累程度和神经传导速度减慢程度与其年龄大小、病程长短有关,而对于同一患者来说,其下肢受累程度要重于上肢.     

经基因诊断确诊的遗传性压迫易感性神经病临床特点分析

目的 研究经基因诊断确诊的遗传性压迫易感性神经病（hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies，HNPP）患者的临床特点和电生理特征。方法 对来自4个家系的5例HNPP患者进行基因诊断，并总结患者的临床特点，同时分析其电生理特征，包括肌电图（EMG）、运动神经传导速度（MCV）和感觉神经传导速度（SCV）。结果 5例患者均存在周围髓鞘蛋白22（peripheralmyelinationprotein22，PMP22）基因缺失。HNPP临床主要表现为反复发作的肢体麻木、无力，神经传导存在广泛异常。结论电生理检查对HNPP的诊断很重要，基因检测发现PMP22基因缺失是诊断HNPP的金标准。     

Comparison between Clinical Disabilities and Electrophysiological Values in Charcot-Marie-Tooth 1A Patients with PMP22 Duplication

Background and Purpose

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) type 1A (CMT1A) is the demyelinating form of CMT that is significantly associated with PMP22 duplication. Some studies have found that the disease-related disabilities of these patients are correlated with their compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs), while others have suggested that they are related to the nerve conduction velocities. In the present study, we investigated the correlations between the disease-related disabilities and the electrophysiological values in a large cohort of Korean CMT1A patients.

Methods

We analyzed 167 CMT1A patients of Korean origin with PMP22 duplication using clinical and electrophysiological assessments, including the CMT neuropathy score and the functional disability scale.

Results

Clinical motor disabilities were significantly correlated with the CMAPs but not the motor nerve conduction velocities (MNCVs). Moreover, the observed sensory impairments matched the corresponding reductions in the sensory nerve action potentials (SNAPs) but not with slowing of the sensory nerve conduction velocities (SNCVs). In addition, CMAPs were strongly correlated with the disease duration but not with the age at onset. The terminal latency index did not differ between CMT1A patients and healthy controls.

Conclusions

In CMT1A patients, disease-related disabilities such as muscle wasting and sensory impairment were strongly correlated with CMAPs and SNAPs but not with the MNCVs or SNCVs. Therefore, we suggest that the clinical disabilities of CMT patients are determined by the extent of axonal dysfunction.     

腓骨肌萎缩症1A型的临床、神经电生理和疾病基因突变分析

目的　观察腓骨肌萎缩症 (CMT) 1A型的临床、神经电生理特点和疾病基因的突变分析。方法对一CMT家系中 9个成员进行详尽的临床检查、疾病基因突变分析 ,对先证者进行神经电生理检查和神经肌肉活检。结果　本家系中 5人发病 ,符合常染色体显性遗传模式 ,除 1例患者无临床症状外 ,其余 4例均在2 0岁前起病。临床特点为进行性四肢远端肌无力、肌萎缩 ,末梢型感觉障碍 ,腱反射减弱或消失 ,足部畸形(高弓足 )。神经电生理检查示运动和感觉神经传导速度减慢。基因突变分析发现 17号染色体短臂 11 2区(17p11 2 )包含周围髓鞘蛋白 (PMP) 2 2基因的正向串联重复突变。结论　CMT1A型是CMT最常见类型 ,多于儿童期或青少年期起病 ,表现为进行性四肢远端肌无力、肌萎缩 ,腱反射减弱或消失。神经电生理特点为运动神经传导速度均一性减低 (<38m/s)。 17p 11 2区包含PMP 2 2基因在内的 1 5Mb(偶尔 <1 5Mb)的正向串联重复突变是CMT 1A最主要的突变型。     

腓骨肌萎缩症2F型1家系临床分析

目的探讨腓骨肌萎缩症(CMT)2F型的临床特点。方法对1家系内3例患者的临床表现和神经电生理资料进行回顾性分析。结果该家系为晚发(37~60岁),感觉障碍轻,1例伴右侧听力下降;神经传导速度检查示下肢感觉和运动传导速度减慢,甚至引不出反应波,但上肢正常或接近正常;躯体感觉诱发电位示中枢神经和周围神经均受累,运动诱发电位示运动通路周围段传导减慢,脑干听觉诱发电位示一侧听通路周围段严重受累。结论CMT2F型患者的临床特征有助于CMT患者的诊断和分型。     

多灶性运动神经病的临床表现及肌电图特征

目的 探讨多灶性运动神经病(multifocal motor neuropathy,MMN)的临床表现及肌电图(electromyography,EMG)特征.方法 选择2016 年6 月至2019 年12 月南京医科大学附属南京医院(南京市第一医院)收治的7 例MMN 患者,对其临床资料及神经电生理检查结果进行回顾性...     

Inherited focal, episodic neuropathies

Hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP; also called tomaculous neuropathy) is an autosomal-dominant disorder that produces a painless episodic, recurrent, focal demyelinating neuropathy. HNPP generally develops during adolescence, and may cause attacks of numbness, muscular weakness, and atrophy. Peroneal palsies, carpal tunnel syndrome, and other entrapment neuropathies may be frequent manifestations of HNPP. Motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities may be reduced in clinically affected patients, as well as in asymptomatic gene carriers. The histopathological changes observed in peripheral nerves of HNPP patients include segmental demyelination and tomaculous or “sausage-like” formations. Mild overlap of clinical features with Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease type 1 (CMT1) may lead patients with HNPP to be misdiagnosed as having CMT1. HNPP and CMT1 are both demyelinating neuropathies, however, their clinical, pathological, and electrophysiological features are quite distinct. HNPP is most frequently associated with a 1.4-Mb pair deletion on chromosome 17p12. A duplication of the identical region leads to CMT1A. Both HNPP and CMT1A result from a dosage effect of the PMP22 gene, which is contained within the deleted/duplicated region. This is reflected in reduced mRNA and protein levels in sural nerve biopsy samples from HNPP patients. Treatment for HNPP consists of preventative and symptom-easing measures. Hereditary neuralgic amyotrophy (HNA; also called familial brachial plexus neuropathy) is an autosomal-dominant disorder causing episodes of paralysis and muscle weakness initiated by severe pain. Individuals with HNA may suffer repeated episodes of intense pain, paralysis, and sensory disturbances in an affected limb. The onset of HNA is at birth or later in childhood with prognosis for recovery usually favorable; however, persons with HNA may have permanent residual neurological dysfunction following attack(s). Episodes are often triggered by infections, immunizations, the puerperium, and stress. Electrophysiological studies show normal or mildly prolonged motor nerve conduction velocities distal to the affected brachial plexus. Pathological studies have found axonal degeneration in nerves examined distal to the plexus abnormality. In some HNA pedigrees there are characteristic facial features, including hypotelorism. The prognosis for recovery of normal function of affected limbs in HNA is good, although recurrent episodes may cause residual deficits. HNA is genetically linked to chromosome 17q25, where mutations in the septin-9 (SEPT9) gene have been found.     

Inherited focal, episodic neuropathies: hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies and hereditary neuralgic amyotrophy

Hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP; also called tomaculous neuropathy) is an autosomal-dominant disorder that produces a painless episodic, recurrent, focal demyelinating neuropathy. HNPP generally develops during adolescence, and may cause attacks of numbness, muscular weakness, and atrophy. Peroneal palsies, carpal tunnel syndrome, and other entrapment neuropathies may be frequent manifestations of HNPP. Motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities may be reduced in clinically affected patients, as well as in asymptomatic gene carriers. The histopathological changes observed in peripheral nerves of HNPP patients include segmental demyelination and tomaculous or "sausage-like" formations. Mild overlap of clinical features with Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease type 1 (CMT1) may lead patients with HNPP to be misdiagnosed as having CMT1. HNPP and CMT1 are both demyelinating neuropathies, however, their clinical, pathological, and electrophysiological features are quite distinct. HNPP is most frequently associated with a 1.4-Mb pair deletion on chromosome 17p12. A duplication of the identical region leads to CMT1A. Both HNPP and CMT1A result from a dosage effect of the PMP22 gene, which is contained within the deleted/duplicated region. This is reflected in reduced mRNA and protein levels in sural nerve biopsy samples from HNPP patients. Treatment for HNPP consists of preventative and symptom-easing measures. Hereditary neuralgic amyotrophy (HNA; also called familial brachial plexus neuropathy) is an autosomal-dominant disorder causing episodes of paralysis and muscle weakness initiated by severe pain. Individuals with HNA may suffer repeated episodes of intense pain, paralysis, and sensory disturbances in an affected limb. The onset of HNA is at birth or later in childhood with prognosis for recovery usually favorable; however, persons with HNA may have permanent residual neurological dysfunction following attack(s). Episodes are often triggered by infections, immunizations, the puerperium, and stress. Electrophysiological studies show normal or mildly prolonged motor nerve conduction velocities distal to the affected brachial plexus. Pathological studies have found axonal degeneration in nerves examined distal to the plexus abnormality. In some HNA pedigrees there are characteristic facial features, including hypotelorism. The prognosis for recovery of normal function of affected limbs in HNA is good, although recurrent episodes may cause residual deficits. HNA is genetically linked to chromosome 17q25, where mutations in the septin-9 (SEPT9) gene have been found.