韶关市农村留守儿童孤独感状况调查

目的了解广东省韶关市农村地区留守儿童孤独感现状及其影响因素。方法对韶关市某地区两所农村小学3～6年级学生中的489名留守儿童采用儿童孤独量表和自编调查表进行问卷调查。结果17．6％留守儿童存在孤独感，不同性别孤独感发生率无差异性，不同年龄及不同年级间孤独感发生率差异均有极显著性（P〈0.01）；随年级增加，孤独感发生率呈下降趋势（X^2趋势=5．970，P〈0.05）。留守儿童孤独感与健康状况、学习成绩、学习困难程度、父母教育方式、父母间关系和老师教育方式等因素显著相关（P〈0.01～0．05）。结论农村地区留守儿童中存在一定程度的孤独感问题，老师和家长应以正确的态度和方法对待留守儿童，以减少其孤独感的发生。     

产科新生儿不同部位经皮测黄报警预值的可靠性观察

目的对比观察产科新生儿不同部位经皮胆红素（TCB）报警预值的可靠性。方法132例产科新生儿采取随机数字分组法分为正常产组和剖宫产组各66例,新生儿均于产后第4天同一时间点应用KJ8000经皮测黄仪分别测量额、胸、腹、额胸、额胸腹TCB值,TCB〉12．9mg／dl者,取得亲属同意抽取静脉血检测血清胆红素（SB）,对比分析不同部位TCB及其与sB值的差异。结果两组分别有17例或21例达到TCB报警预值。两组TCB或sB相同方法及相同部位比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;两组TCB不同部位对比,额部值最低、胸部值最高,且与其他部位同组对比差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;两组sB值对比差异无统计学意义（t=1．53,P〉0．05）,与不同部位TCB对比均以胸部数值差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,而与其他部位TCB两组差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论正常产与剖宫产新生儿术后sB对比差异无意义;TCB动态监测以胸部结果更接近SB。     

心力衰竭病人延续性护理现状调查

[目的]了解心力衰竭病人延续性护理实施现状,探讨心力衰竭病人延续性护理方法及发展方向。[方法]用自行设计的调查问卷对114例心力衰竭病人的一般资料、自我护理状况及生活质量进行调查。[结果]不同文化程度、性别、职业、婚姻状态的病人生活质量得分不同,差异有统计学意义(P0.01),病人出院后的延续性护理以家人照顾为主,自我护理状况不理想。[结论]延续性护理模式在我国尚属初步实施阶段,临床医护工作者应积极倡导实施,鼓励家属参与及进行社区护理干预提高病人自我护理能力,提高生活质量。     

Evaluation of the aesthetics of physical methods of euthanasia of anesthetized rats

Dissection of living brain tissue for in vitro experiments requires the use of a rapid euthanasia method. However, the method must not subject animals to unnecessary pain and must be aesthetically acceptable to experimenters. The purposes of the current study were to assess the aesthetics of 6 euthanasia methods, measure the procedure duration, and evaluate brain for pathology after each procedure. We digitally recorded euthanasia of isoflurane-anesthetized rats by 6 physical methods: anesthetic overdose, cardiac exsanguination, decapitation, closed intrathoracic transection of the great vessels and heart, thoracic percussion, and thoracotomy with rupture of great vessels. Volunteer researchers and animal caretakers watched the video and completed an associated questionnaire. Anesthetic overdose and cardiac exsanguinations were rated most aesthetically pleasing, although these procedures took the longest to complete. In contrast, decapitation and thoracic percussion were the least aesthetically pleasing, but these methods were the quickest. No demographic factor was identified that could predict whether a given euthanasia procedure would be favored for aesthetic reasons, and participants provided a wide variety of rationales for the aesthetic ratings they assigned. Although all of these euthanasia methods meet the criteria of approved methods of euthanasia of anesthetized rats as defined by the AVMA, aesthetic features and the scientific need for rapid euthanasia are both considerations in selecting a method.     

乳腺癌病人生命质量的影响因素调查

[目的]分析影响乳腺癌病人生命质量的因素,为改进乳腺癌病人的心理护理措施提供依据.[方法]对201例原发性乳腺癌术后化疗病人采用自设人口统计学和临床特征调查表、乳腺癌病人生命质量测定量表、医学应对问卷、中文版艾森克人格问卷简版进行调查.[结果]将病人生命质量总分作为应变量,社会人口学、临床特征、人格变量的4个维度和应对变量的3个维度作为自变量进行多元线性回归分析,结果表明,只有神经质维度和屈服应对维度进入方程,决定系数为0.542,即2个变量能联合预测生命质量54.2%的变异量.[结论]护理人员应关注乳腺癌病人的人格特征和应对方式特点,采取积极有效的心理护理措施,提高病人的生命质量.     

鼻部缺损21例手术修复效果观察

目的探讨矫正鼻缺损的手术方法，观察其效果。方法采用眼轮匝肌蒂颞区皮瓣、局部鼻唇沟皮瓣修复鼻翼缺损21例，对其修复面积、手术效果和治疗时间等进行评价。结果21例鼻缺损患者手术全部成功，皮瓣均成活，效果满意。结论缺损较小且手术效果要求高可采用局部鼻唇沟皮瓣转移；缺损面积较大且颞区皮肤松弛可选用眼轮匝肌蒂颞区皮瓣修复。     

5例自发性脾破裂误诊分析

目的：探讨自发性脾破裂误诊的原因,方法：回顾分析1986－1998年我院收治的8例自发性脾破裂的临床资料,结果误诊5例,误诊率62．5％,结论凡不明原因上腹部疼痛,伴有失血征象而无法解释、无外伤史,积极行B超、腹穿以明确。若有血吸虫、肝炎等肝脾病变或脾亢更应警惕本病,发病前有饱食或重体力劳动等腹压增高原因有助诊断。     

对护士服颜色的调查

[目的]提高护士外在美与内在美的和谐，不断提升护士职业形象。[方法]采用自行设计的A、B、C3种调查表，对249名病人、护士、职能科室人员及中层以上干部进行调查。[结果]在能给人一种柔和、舒适感的护士服颜色选项中，选浅蓝色者110人（44．18％）、纯白色者103人（41．37％）、其他颜色者36人（14．45％）。[结论]浅蓝色、纯白色护士服合乎病人的心理需求，能提升护士的整体美感，体现医院“以人为本”服务理念。     

Analysis of the Concept of Quality of Life

ABSTRACT. Nurses provide the constant human care that can make the difference between a life that is valuable to the last and a life that ends in humiliation, deprivation and suffering. Nurses, therefore, more than other health professionals, need a deep and reflective view of patients' value and quality of life. In this paper the concept of quality of life is analysed from a philosophical and scientific perspective. Quality of life in connection with treatment of a disease has its roots in the philosophical conception of the value of human life in general. Characteristics such as happiness, physical activity and interpersonal relations are what give life value and meaning. From the scientific viewpoint, it seems difficult to define the concept, given its multidimensional characteristics. However, the analysis indicates a growing interest among health-professionals to develop scientific intersubjectivity of the concept in terms of measurable parameters.     

乳腺叶状肿瘤的影像分析

目的 分析乳腺叶状肿瘤的X线钼靶摄片和超声表现.方法 收集经手术病理证实的19例乳腺叶状肿瘤,术前均行超声检查,其中15例行X线钼靶摄片,回顾分析其临床特点和影像学表现.结果 19例乳腺叶状肿瘤中,良性8例,交界性6例,恶性5例.15例患者X线钼靶摄片中病灶均为高密度孤立肿块影,呈圆形(8例)或浅分叶状(7例),边界清晰(10例)或部分不清(5例),部分肿块周边见"晕"征(4例).超声检查6例发现囊性变,6例表现为后方回声增强.病灶为圆形(8例)、浅分叶状(8例)或有角状突起(3例).所有病例均未发现腋下转移淋巴结及周围组织浸润等恶性征象.结论 认识乳腺叶状肿瘤的病理类型和临床特点,结合影像表现综合分析,可提高术前诊断率.     

Determination of loss of quality of life

Physiatrists are a valuable resource in legal settings, where assessment of functional capacity to perform work and of future medical needs must be determined. Physiatrists help determine what future medical care is needed to restore and maintain an individual at the maximum level of life function. This article focuses on the use of a quality of life (QOL) rehabilitation model, rather than a medical model, for enhancing functional performance, modifying environments, and facilitating patient coping. We discuss use of the QOL model to describe and influence a patient's physical, psychological, cognitive, vocational/economic, and social/leisure domains.     

The characteristics of interpretation of results of analysis of protein amount in urine of pregnant women

The adequacy of implementation of present proteinuria diagnostic thresholds under examination of pregnant women was examined. The analysis was applied to all urine samples of pregnant women from December 2009 to March 20010. The amount of protein in urine was concurrently evaluated by turbidimetric analysis with sulfosalicylic acid, colorimetric analysis with pyrogallol red, "dry chemistry" technology (the diagnostic strips). It is established that the mentioned techniques of analysis of protein in urine provide independent results. The results of colorimetric analysis are characterized by better precision and adequacy. However, in case of pregnant women the diagnostic threshold of protein concentration should be shifted from 0.120 to 0.150 g/l.