复方强的松霜治疗银屑病和异位性皮炎的疗效观察

目的：为了减少皮质类固醇激素制剂外用的不良反应和耐药性等问题。方法：采用维生素 Ｅ 霜作为辅助剂配合强的松霜外用治疗银屑病和异位性皮炎患者,并与单纯用强的松霜治疗做了对比。结果：疗效相同, Ｘ２ ＝ ０ , Ｐ＞ ０ ．０５ ,差异无显著性。并可减少强的松霜一半的用量。结论：维生素 Ｅ 霜可作为减少激素用量的辅助剂治疗银屑病和异位性皮炎等疾病。     

类风湿性关节炎患者服用双氯芬酸、萘丁美酮、美洛昔康、塞来昔布6mon生存质量的队列研究

目的　对双氯芬酸、萘丁美酮、美洛昔康、塞来昔布治疗类风湿性关节炎 6mon前后患者生命质量进行评估。方法　采用回顾性和前瞻性队列研究相结合的方式 ,随机选择类风湿性关节炎新发病例 4 6 1名 ,其中双氯芬酸组 ,萘丁美酮组各 131名 ,美洛昔康组 14 4名 ,塞来昔布组 5 5例。观察时间 6mon。采用SF 36量表 (中文版 )对患者服药前后的健康相关生存质量进行评估 ,该评估包括躯体功能、躯体角色、肌体疼痛、总体健康状况、活力、社会功能、情绪角色和心理卫生 8个分量表。结果　按分量表进行分析 ,结果显示四组服药前后除“社会功能”的改变、以及塞来昔布组服药前后“躯体角色”的改变上无显著差异外 ,其他分量表各组服药前后均有显著差异。各分量表服药前后改变 4组间差异无显著性。按每个条目进行分析结果显示 ,双氯芬酸组在总体健康状况的改善 (条目 2 )、自我感觉身体疼痛改善程度 (条目7)以及SF 36量表总评分改善上优于塞来昔布组 (P均 <0 0 5 )。临床控制组生存质量改变优于其他 3组 ,显效组和好转组之间差异无显著性而且均优于无效组。结论　生存质量评分的改变与药物疗效呈正相关 ,SF 36量表 (中文版 )能用来评估非甾体抗炎药治疗前后生存质量的改变。按分量表进行分析四种NSAIDs前后患者生存质     

Anti-allergic action effect of Pseudolarix amabilis Rehd. extract and its efficacy on atopic dermatitis

Pseudolarix amabilis Rehd. extract was examined in vitro for antibacterial effects, anti-inflammatory effects, and inhibitory effects on histamine release. Pseudolarix amabilis Rehd. extract was also examined for efficacy on dermatitis in atopic dermatitis model mice (NC mice) and effects on keratinous moisture level and transepidermal water loss in miniature pigs. Pseudolarix amabilis Rehd. extract had antibacterial effects on Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, and Streptococcus pyogenes; however this antibacterial effect varied with the temperature at which and conditions under which Pseudolarix amabilis Rehd. was extracted. Pseudolarix amabilis Rehd. extract at the final concentration of 2 mg/mL significantly inhibited the hyaluronidase activity; and at 0.005, 0.05, and 0.5 mg/mL, it also significantly inhibited the histamine release. In the mice in which atopic dermatitis had been induced, 28-day administration of Pseudolarix amabilis Rehd. extract at 4 and 400 mg/mL significantly inhibited aggravation of dermatitis without having effects on body weight. In the dorsal skin of miniature pigs, Pseudolarix amabilis Rehd. extract at 4 and 400 mg/mL significantly increased keratinous moisture level with the increase in the number of dosing days, and caused no changes in transepidermal water loss. From the above results, it is clear that Pseudolarix amabilis Rehd. extract inhibits both proliferation of bacteria and inflammation caused by antigens. Furthermore, it is suggested that Pseudolarix amabilis Rehd. extract will serve as a medicinal drug which effectively moistens the skin and prevents and heals dermatitis.     

Clinical effect of cefpiramide against infectious diseases in obstetrics and gynecology

Clinical study on cefpiramide (CPM, SM-1652), a new cephalosporin antibiotic, was carried out and the following results were obtained. CPM was intravenously administrated at a daily dose of 2 g to 8 cases including 2 cases with intrauterine infection, 3 cases with adnexitis, 2 cases with intrapelvic infection and 1 case with external genital infection. All cases responded to the drug, and marked response was seen in 2 cases, moderate response in 6 cases. Neither side effects nor abnormal values in clinical laboratory findings attributable to the drug were seen.     

Clinical effect of cefuzonam against infectious diseases in obstetrics and gynecology

Clinical studies of cefuzonam (CZON, L-105) were performed in patients of obstetrics and gynecology, and the results obtained are summarized below. 1. CZON was intravenously administered at a daily dose of 1-2 g to 11 cases including 3 cases with intrauterine infection (pyometra), 2 cases of intrapelvic infection (1 case of pelvic dead space infection and 1 case of pelvic peritonitis), 1 case of adnexitis, and others (2 cases of vaginal cuff infection, and 1 case each of vaginal abscess, Baltholin's abscess, and vulvar abscess). Clinical efficacy was excellent in 1 case and good in 10 cases. 2. CZON showed a good antibacterial effect in single and mixed infections. 3. Neither side effects nor abnormal values in clinical laboratory findings attributable to the drug were observed.     

Clinical effect of cefotetan against infectious diseases in obstetrics and gynaecology

Clinical study on cefotetan (CTT), a new cephamycin antibiotic, was carried out and the following results were obtained. CTT was intravenously administered at a daily dose of 2 to 4 g to 24 cases including 10 cases with intrauterine infection, 2 cases with adnexitis, 6 cases with intrapelvic infection and 6 cases with extragenital infection. Marked response was seen in 8 cases, moderate response in 15 and no response in 1. Neither side effects nor abnormal values in clinical laboratory tests were observed.     

Treatment of atopic dermatitis and impact on quality of life: a review with emphasis on topical non-corticosteroids

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic skin disease with increasing prevalence and rising costs. Stigmatisation and pruritus are only some aspects of potential quality-of-life (QOL) impairments. AD is not curable and repeated treatments are often necessary. At present, treatment with topically-applied corticosteroids is state-of-the-art for mild to moderate flare-ups. However, many patients are worried about the use of corticosteroids due to the widespread fear of adverse effects. In this review the present literature is analysed concerning impact on quality of life for topically-applicable alternatives to the state-of-the-art treatment. For comparison reasons, data from other treatment modalities are additionally given. Characteristics of studies were analysed using 'general' (year and mode of publication, type and aim of study, number of patients, and clinical measurement) and 'QOL specific' criteria (type and number of QOL measurements including relevance for study aim and age group, validation in used language, sensitivity to change, and improvement at end of study). QOL data are published only in the minority of studies evaluating treatment efficacy and do not cover the variety of possible therapies. Data are available for tacrolimus, pimecrolimus, UVA/UVB combination and UVB narrowband (topical non-corticosteroidal treatments), as well as for topical corticosteroids, cyclosporin, and inpatient treatment. All studies provided a marked improvement in quality of life after therapy. One study assessed quality of life after a treatment-free follow-up period obtaining a clear increase in impact on quality of life. Since studies used different QOL measurements and vary in inclusion criteria, treatment schedules and presentation of results, a comparison of QOL improvement is not recommended. A single randomised study compared topically applied non-corticosteroidal treatment (UVA/UVB combination) with another treatment modality (cyclosporin) and found no difference in QOL improvement. At present, there is a clear lack of controlled randomised studies evaluating different active treatment modalities and their impact on quality of life. Consensus meetings are desirable to formulate guidelines for the selection and correct use of QOL measurements. Patients' fear of side effects (e.g. concerning corticosteroids) should be integrated in QOL questionnaires for evaluation of possible compliance problems and real costs. Since relapse after treatment is frequent in AD, QOL measurements should also be performed after a treatment-free follow-up period. At present, we can not answer the question 'which treatment best improves quality of life in AD?'.     

Pharmacological profile and clinical effect of tacrolimus ointment (Protopic ointment) for atopic dermatitis]

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is thought to be induced by a complex of various allergic reactions and T cells are implicated in its etiology. Since tacrolimus strongly inhibits T cell activation, tacrolimus ointment has been developed as a novel drug for AD throughout the world. Tacrolimus inhibits mast cell and eosinophil activation and antigen presenting activity of Langerhans cells in vitro. In the in vivo experimental animal models of AD, such as contact and spontaneous dermatitis in mice and repeated hapten treated skin inflammation in rats, tacrolimus ointment showed inhibitory activity. In clinical studies with AD patients in Japan, USA and Europe, tacrolimus ointment showed a marked effect. In comparative studies in Japan, it showed the same efficacy as a strong class steroid ointment on eczema at the trunk and extremities and superior efficacy at the face and neck compared to a medium class steroid. The most prominent adverse event is experienced at the local application site with reactions such as a burning sensation and erythema. Systemic side effects were rarely observed. While there is a possibility of skin infections when using tacrolimus, skin atrophy, even after long term treatment, was not observed. Thus tacrolimus ointment could be an efficient alternative to steroid ointment for AD.     

Integrative modeling of client engagement and outcomes during the first 6 months of methadone treatment

Integrative models containing client and treatment components were tested in a sample of 396 daily opioid users from three methadone maintenance treatment sites. Measures included client motivation at intake as well as repeated assessments of therapeutic engagement (relationships between clients and their counselors, session attendance, and results of urine testing) during the first 6 months of treatment. There was a positive effect of pretreatment motivation on greater engagement and a reciprocal positive relationship between components of engagement and their effects on lowering drug use throughout treatment. Further analyses addressed differential effects of group versus individual counseling and showed that group session attendance was associated with higher rates of drug-negative urines.     

Travelers' knowledge,attitudes, and practices on prevention of infectious diseases: results from a pilot study

BACKGROUND: The European Travel Health Advisory Board conducted a cross-sectional pilot survey to evaluate current travel health knowledge, attitudes, and practice (KAP) and to determine where travelers going to developing countries obtain travel health information, what information they receive, and what preventive travel health measures they employ. METHOD: Trained interviewers invited passengers at the departure gates of three international airports: London Heathrow, Paris Charles de Gaulle, and Munich to respond to a self-completion questionnaire. A total of 609 responses were collected. RESULTS: The study showed that more than one-third of travelers questioned had not sought pretravel health advice and of those who did, over 20% sought advice 14 days or less prior to travel. One-third of the respondents were aged 50 or more, and 20% had planned their trip less than 2 weeks before leaving. Only a minority were able to demonstrate that they had been immunised as per the World Health Organization or national recommendations. Respondents often misperceived both the risk of malaria at the destination and recommended preventive measures. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this pilot survey provided a valuable insight into the KAP of travelers and highlighted an important educational need among those traveling to risk destinations. Strategies are needed for raising awareness of preventable travel health issues and for raising compliance with existing recommendations.