抗血管内皮生长因子单克隆抗体Ranibizumab治疗湿性年龄相关性黄斑变性方案的探索

目的　观察渗出性年龄相关性黄斑变性经玻璃体内注射Ｒａｎｉｂｉｚｕｍａｂ治疗前后的变化情况。方法　对２０１２年１０月至２０１４年３月在我院经眼科相关检查确诊为湿性年龄相关性黄斑变性的患者３２例３４眼,均接受Ｒａｎｉｂｉｚｕｍａｂ（１０ｍｇ?ｍＬ－１） ０．０５ｍＬ玻璃体内注射,２２眼采用１＋ＰＲＮ方案,另１２只较为严重眼行３＋ＰＲＮ方案注射,使用国际标准糖尿病早期治疗研究（ＥＤＴＲＳ）视力表检查,术前查最佳矫正视力、眼压、ＯＣＴ以及眼底荧光血管造影或吲哚青绿血管造影,随访３～１１个月,分别于术后１周、２周、１个月、以后每个月观察黄斑ＯＣＴ、视力、眼压,必要时查ＦＦＡ、ＩＣＧＡ等相关指标并进行统计学分析。结果　所有患眼注射（２．１７±１．０５）次,随访３个月、６个月时ＥＴＤＲＳ视力分别为（３４．３７±１２．７５）个字母、（３８．０６±１１．３８）个字母,较治疗前分别提高（５．６３±３．１７）个字母、（９．２７±５．０１）个字母,差异有统计学意义（均为Ｐ＝０．００）。治疗后１个月,黄斑区脉络膜新生血管基底部宽度、高度分别为（２００１．８３±９０．７１）μｍ、（３４７．２３±６３．７３）μｍ,与治疗前（３８５．６３±９２．５７）μｍ差异均有统计学意义（均为Ｐ＝０．００）。治疗后１个月黄斑中心视网膜厚度为（３３６．９０±８２．１１）,与治疗前差异有统计学意义（Ｐ＝０．００）。随访期间未发现全身及眼部严重不良反应。结论　湿性年龄相关性黄斑变性的玻璃体内注射Ｒａｎｉｂｉｚｕｍａｂ治疗能明显缩小病灶,消退黄斑水肿,相应改善视功能,ＯＣＴ检查测量ＣＮＶ生物学参数具有无创、安全可靠、简单易行的优点,是一种重要的观察方法。     

PDT联合ranibizumab玻璃体腔注射治疗年龄相关性黄斑变性合并CNV

目的：观察 PDT 联合玻璃体腔注射 ranibizumab (雷珠单抗)治疗老年性黄斑变性脉络膜新生血管( choroidal neovascularization,CNV)的疗效。
　　方法：将符合纳入标准,经吲哚青绿脉络膜血管造影(indocyanine green angiography, ICGA)、光学相干断层扫描( optical coherence tomography, OCT)检查确诊为黄斑区脉络膜新生血管( CNV)患者27例27眼,经PDT治疗后3~7 d内行 ranibizumab 玻璃体腔注射。观察治疗后1,3,6 mo、末次随访时行最佳矫正视力、FFA、ICGA、OCT 检查及有无并发症发生情况。
　　结果：最佳矫正视力提高17眼(63%),最佳矫正视力稳定6眼(22%),最佳矫正视力下降4眼(15%)。27例27眼治疗前平均渗漏面积为1005.69±105.47μm,治疗后1,3mo后平均875.54±103.27,423.37±79.68μm,与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),视网膜黄斑中央厚度27例27眼治疗前平均厚度为485.58±122.59μm,治疗后1,3mo后平均398.84±105.32,297.74±89.18μm,与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。
　　结论：PDT 封闭 CNV 后,联合玻璃体内腔内注射ranibizumab,有效阻断新生血管复发,减少PDT再次治疗次数和并发症,可提高治疗效果。     

Optical coherence tomography-based intravitreal ranibizumab (Lucentis) for neovascular age-related macular degeneration

To evaluate optical coherence tomography (OCT)-based intravitreal ranibizumab treatment for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the charts of consecutive patients who received intravitreal ranibizumab for subfoveal choroidal neovascularization due to AMD were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with less than 6 months follow-up were excluded. OCT was performed at baseline and at monthly intervals for induction therapy. Injections were given monthly until no improvement was observed between successive OCTs. In the maintenance period, reinjections were performed for any recurrence of macular fluid on OCT. Main outcome measures were visual acuity and number of injections given. Twenty-five eyes of 22 patients with mean follow-up of 16 months [standard deviation (SD) = 3.7 months] had mean improvement of 1.6 lines of Snellen visual acuity (SD 2.9, 95% confidence interval 0.48–2.9, P = 0.008). Visual acuity was stable (≤3 lines of visual acuity lost) in 22 eyes (88%). Nine eyes (36%) gained ≥3 lines. Three eyes (12%) lost ≥3 lines. A mean of 6.0 (SD 2.7) injections were given over a follow-up period ranging from 8 to 21 months. We conclude that OCT-based intravitreal ranibizumab treatment for neovascular AMD offered excellent visual acuity results and reduced the number of injections compared with monthly dosing.     

Retinal venular calibre dilatation after intravitreal ranibizumab treatment for neovascular age-related macular degeneration

Background: To describe the changes in retinal vascular calibre in response to intravitreal ranibizumab injections in patients with neovascular age‐related macular degeneration. Design: Prospective interventional case series. Participants: Treatment naïve patients with neovascular age‐related macular degeneration were recruited over a 1‐year period. Methods: Each patient received three monthly intravitreal injections according to a ‘loading dose’. Retinal arteriolar and venular calibre was measured from digital fundus photographs and summarized as central retinal artery equivalent and central retinal vein equivalent at baseline and 3 months. Main Outcome Measure: Central retinal artery equivalent and central retinal vein equivalent changes from baseline to 3 months. Results: Seventy‐four eyes of 71 patients had good quality images for grading vessel calibre at baseline and at 3 months in treated (study) eyes and 51 eyes of 51 patients had good quality images in fellow (control) eyes. Over 3 months, in study eyes treated with ranibizumab, there was a significant increase in central retinal vein equivalent over baseline (+6.20 µm, P = 0.005), but no significant change in central retinal artery equivalent (+0.86 µm, P = 0.55). In control eyes, there was no change in central retinal vein equivalent (?0.82 µm, P = 0.70) or central retinal artery equivalent (0.34 µm, P = 0.75). Conclusion: Intravitreal ranibizumab has a significant vasodilational effect on retinal venular calibre in eyes treated for neovascular age‐related macular degeneration. The reason for this change is unclear, but may relate to changes in blood flow or inflammatory changes within the retina.     

Retinal pigment epithelial tear following intravitreal ranibizumab injections for neovascular age-related macular degeneration

Background To report the development of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) tear after intravitreal injection of ranibizumab (Lucentis, Novartis, Basel, Switzerland). Methods Case report with presentation of the fundus photography, fluorescein angiography (FA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings. Results A 70-year-old man received intravitreal injections of ranibizumab for the treatment of occult choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) with fibrovascular pigment epithelial detachment due to age-related macular degeneration. One day after the third intravitreal ranibizumab injection, fundus examination showed a RPE defect at the foveal region. FA and OCT confirmed the presence of RPE tear sparing the fovea. No further progression of the RPE tear was observed after withholding subsequent ranibizumab injection and his right eye visual acuity remained at 20/100 at 3 months from the last injection. Conclusions As with other anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment for CNV, RPE tear might occur after intravitreal ranibizumab injection even after previous uneventful intravitreal injections.     

Environmental Amsler test as a monitoring tool for retreatment with ranibizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration

Purpose

To assess the ability of patients to predict the need for retreatment with intravitreal ranibizumab in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (NVAMD) based on their perception of visual deterioration or distortion of objects in their everyday environment (environmental Amsler).

Methods

A questionnaire was given to 89 patients undergoing optical coherence tomography (OCT)-guided retreatment with intravitreal ranibizumab for NVAMD following an initial loading regimen of three injections and with at least 12-month follow-up. The patient''s opinion on the need for an injection on the current visit, based on their perception of change in environmental Amsler, was recorded. This subjective measure was compared with the objective evaluation of retreatment, based on predefined retreatment criteria comprising of changes in visual acuity and morphological changes on OCT. The patients were then instructed on the technique of environmental Amsler, and this evaluation was repeated. The sensitivity and specificity of patient prediction were analyzed at baseline and after the training.

Results

The ability of patients to predict disease activity at baseline showed a sensitivity of 61% and specificity of 96.6%. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.8. The presence of macular fluid correlated well with the patient''s perception of an abnormal environmental Amsler. After training, the sensitivity and specificity improved to 87.5% and 98.5%, respectively.

Conclusion

In real life, most patients are able to predict the reactivation of the disease in NVAMD, after 12-month follow-up, after training to monitor their symptoms using the environmental Amsler test.     

玻璃体内注射雷珠单抗对渗出型年龄相关性黄斑变性患者的疗效

目的　探讨玻璃体内注射雷珠单抗对渗出型年龄相关性黄斑变性（age-related maculardegeneration,AMD）患者的疗效。方法　选取我院2010年2月至2015年5月收治的33例（33眼）渗出型AMD患者,均给予玻璃体内注射雷珠单抗（Ranibizumab）治疗。采用国际标准对数视力表检查患者手术前后的最佳矫正视力;比较患者术前、术后眼动脉、视网膜中央动脉、睫状动脉血流动力学参数的差异性;采用荧光素眼底血管造影测量并计算患者手术前后脉络膜新生血管（choroidal neovascularization,CNV）荧光素渗漏面积变化。结果　术后1周最佳矫正视力提高至0.29±0.18,与术前（0.16±0.15）比较,差异有统计学意义（P=0.002）。术后7 d,患者CNV荧光素渗漏面积为（8.48±6.13）mm²,较术前（11.39±6.12）mm²明显减小,差异有统计学意义（P=0.029）。注射眼术前,术后1周、4 周眼动脉、视网膜中央动脉、大脑后动脉的收缩期峰值流速、舒张末期血流速度及阻力指数、搏动指数差异均无统计学意义（均为P＞0.05）。结论　玻璃体内注射雷珠单抗治疗渗出型AMD可有效提高患者视力,减少CNV渗漏,且对患者眼血流动力学影响不显著,安全有效。     

Bimonthly injections of ranibizumab for age-related macular degeneration

Purpose

To evaluate the efficacy of bimonthly intravitreal injections of ranibizumab for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) in a pilot study.

Methods

This study was a prospective, interventional case series. Thirty eyes of 30 patients received prospectively at least three bimonthly intravitreal injections of ranibizumab (0.5 mg/0.05 ml) without loading doses. The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and the central retinal subfield thickness (CRST) were measured before and monthly after the injections.

Results

Twenty-eight patients received the three planned injections; one patient refused the third injection, one patient did not receive the third injection because blood pressure was raised, and one patient received a rescue injection at month 5 because of increased retinal thickness. The mean logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) BCVA was 0.44?±?0.37 before treatment and significantly improved to 0.25?±?0.34 at month 6 (p?p?p?=?0.005). The mean CRST was 360?±?110.8 μm before treatment and decreased significantly to 249?±?57.0 μm at month 12 (p?=?0.025).

Conclusions

Bimonthly injections of ranibizumab may be effective for treating AMD and PCV.     

Intravitreal aflibercept treatment in eyes with exudative age-related macular degeneration following prior treatment with intravitreal ranibizumab

Background:

To investigate visual and anatomical outcomes in eyes with exudative age-related macular degeneration treated with intravitreal aflibercept following prior treatment with intravitreal ranibizumab.

Materials and Methods:

Retrospective, single-center study of 192 eyes treated with 0.5 mg intravitreal ranibizumab every 4 weeks for three consecutive doses followed by a variable dose schedule. After more than 12 months of ranibizumab treatment, eyes that required ranibizumab injections at 4-week or 6-week intervals were switched to aflibercept therapy.

Results:

After 12–69 months (42 months ± 18 months, mean ± standard deviation [SD]) of treatment with intravitreal ranibizumab, 80 eyes were changed to 2 mg intravitreal aflibercept treatment with follow-up after 12–18 months (16 months ± 1 month, mean ± SD). Thirty-nine eyes had persistent macular fluid after treatment with ranibizumab. Mean logMAR visual acuity (VA) in eyes treated with ranibizumab changed by − 0.089 ± 0.310 (mean ± SD; P = 0.0003), which correlates to an approximate gain of 4.5 letters. The number of eyes with macular fluid decreased from 39 to 23 after aflibercept treatment. Mean logMAR VA in eyes with intraretinal macular fluid treated with aflibercept changed by −0.079 ± 0.134 (mean ± SD; P = 0.006), which correlates to an approximate gain of 4 letters. Mean logMAR VA in eyes with submacular fluid was not significantly different after aflibercept treatment.

Conclusion:

Eyes with persistent intraretinal macular fluid had visual and anatomic response after changing from ranibizumab to aflibercept treatment.