旋转式伽玛刀治疗脑动静脉畸形

目的：评估旋转式伽玛刀对脑动静脉畸形的治疗效果及术后并发症。方法：1996年11月－2000年5月以旋转式伽玛刀治疗脑动静脉畸形。脑动静脉畸形平均直径23mm。脑动静脉畸形周边平均照射剂量19．2Gy(13-25Gy),中心平均照射剂量37．6Gy(32.5-50Gy）。结果：106例病人有完整的随访资料，平均随访18．4个月（5－44个月）。5例病人（4．2％）伽玛刀治疗后5－13个月发生再出血，无死亡。78例病人治疗后行CT或MR检查，19例（22％）出现放射性水肿，多发生在治疗后6－18个月，一般经类固醇激素治疗，数月可消退，无遗留永久并发症。68例病人随访超过1年，其中57例在治疗后1年行脑血管造影复查，24例（42％）畸形血管完全闭塞。27例随访超过2年，其中23例行脑血管造影检查，18例（78％）完全闭塞。结论：旋转式伽玛刀是一种新的可靠的立体定向治疗设备，对脑动静脉畸形具有较高的治愈率，治疗后并并发症少且极少出现永久性并发症。     

应用立体定向X-刀治疗多发性脑转移瘤的疗效评价

目的 :分析立体定向X -刀治疗脑多发转移瘤的疗效及手术前的处理。方法 :对 33例患者的 94个肿瘤进行治疗 ,每例肿瘤数目 2～ 7个 ,平均 3.8个。病变体积 1.5cm× 1.0cm× 1.0cm～ 5cm× 5cm× 4 .5cm。处方剂量 2 4～ 30Gy,周边剂量 13～ 2 2Gy。结果 :术后 1.5～ 2月神经影像学复查 ,显示 78个 (84 .0 4 % )肿瘤消失 ,10 .6 4 %肿瘤缩小 ,6 .38%肿瘤保持稳定。随访4月～ 2 .5年 ,2 9例 (87.88% )患者存活。结论 :采用立体定向X -刀治疗脑多发性转移瘤效果确切、并发症少     

Onyx胶治愈性栓塞脑动静脉畸形的临床研究

目的 介绍Onyx胶治愈性栓塞脑动静脉畸形的经验.方法 2008年8月至2012年8月收治40例脑动静脉畸形患者,临床表现为颅内出血18例,癫痫发作8例,头痛7例,神经功能障碍5例和偶尔发现2例.根据S-M分级,I级10例,Ⅱ级15例,Ⅲ级9例,Ⅳ级4例,V级2例.对所有患者均采用Onyx胶液体栓塞剂进行栓塞治疗,并进行随访.结果 栓塞后造影显示22例达到完全栓塞,10例80％～ 90％栓塞,5例60％～70％栓塞,3例50％左右栓塞.未能完全栓塞的1 8例中2例接受立体定向放射治疗痊愈.11例发生并发症,导致1例永久性神经功能障碍,无死亡病例.6个月后血管造影随访,22例患者完全栓塞.结论 血管内栓塞治疗脑动静脉畸形安全性好,损伤小,Onyx胶适合作为脑动静脉畸形的栓塞材料,并能达到较高治愈率.     

NBCA血管内栓塞治疗颅内动静脉畸形

目的　观察α 氰基丙烯酸正丁酯 (NBCA)血管内栓塞治疗脑动静脉畸形 (AVM )的疗效。方法　经股动脉插管 ,用微导管技术超选择病灶内注入NBCA栓塞治疗脑AVM ,共 118例。位于大脑半球 116例 ,小脑半球 2例。病变大于 6cm者 5 2例 ,3～ 6cm者 5 9例 ,小于 3cm者 7例。单支供血动脉13例 ,2支 37例 ,3支以上 6 8例。栓塞加手术切除巨大型脑AVM 15例。结果　完全栓塞病变 2 1例 ,栓塞 90 %以上 5 7例 ,70 %～ 90 % 2 7例 ,5 0 %～ 70 % 8例 ,栓塞 <5 0 %者 5例。结论　NBCA为永久性栓塞剂 ,应作为栓塞治疗颅内AVM的首选材料。栓塞加手术切除、栓塞加伽玛刀或X线刀是彻底治愈脑AVM的较有效手段     

复发性脑膜血管外皮细胞瘤的放射外科治疗

作者报道Mayo医院用γ刀治疗5例11个(2例复发,2例残存,7例新诊断)脑膜血管外皮细胞瘤。每个患者曾至少1次开颅(1～6个肿瘤作1～3次手术)切除病变,继用放射外科治疗(3例)或在颅内不同位置切除肿瘤(2例)。3例放射外科前用分割外照射50～53Gy。此次放射外科是置患者于立体定向架内(LeksellG型),局麻下作立体定向CT扫描以确定肿瘤边缘与剂量计划等中心坐标,1例后颅窝多病灶者为更清楚显示肿瘤与周围结构还用了立体MR显象。最后的剂量计划是经Micro Vax计算机完成,后来用一种新的、     

脑转移瘤γ刀、X刀治疗后MRI观察与分析

目的　利用MRI评价立体定向放射外科治疗脑转移瘤的疗效。方法　选择 70例经γ刀、X刀治疗后的MRI复查资料进行分析治疗后的影像表现。结果　经γ刀、X刀治疗后肿瘤控制率在 91%,消失率在 5 8%,肿瘤消失缩小 ,肿瘤强化程度减低 ,病灶中间出现坏死 ,环状强化是疗效满意的征像。肿瘤增大 ,水肿增大 ,先小后大 ,出现新病灶是复发的征像。结论　脑转移瘤立体定向放射外科治疗后应用MRI能客观评价治疗效果     

脑膜脑动静脉畸形的诊断和治疗

目的　分析脑膜脑动静脉畸形血管结构学特征 ,探讨其血管结构与临床诊治之间的联系。方法　对 5 2例脑膜脑动静脉畸形患者的DSA全脑血管造影检查结果及治疗方法进行回顾性分析。结果　 5 2例脑膜脑动静脉畸形病人全部应用微导管插管技术行血管内栓塞治疗。栓塞后行手术切除AVM者 2例 ,行γ 刀治疗 3例 ,均治愈。治疗后临床症状消失 ,完全恢复正常生活工作 17例 ,癫痫或头痛等症状明显好转 16例。结论　血管结构学研究对脑膜脑动静脉畸形的临床诊治有非常重要的指导意义。     

ONYX胶栓塞治疗颅内动静脉畸形的临床应用

目的:探讨应用Onyx胶栓塞治疗颅内动静脉畸形的应用价值。方法:全麻下经股动脉穿刺插管,微导管超选择插管到达病变部位后,用Onyx栓塞治疗颅内动静脉畸形30例。结果:30例颅内动静脉畸形患者,共行47次栓塞治疗,畸形血管团栓塞达80%以上者8例,其中4例完全栓塞,栓塞50%~80%者15例,栓塞50%以下者7例。发生颅内出血并发症2例,球麻痹1例,经过相应处理后好转。结论:Onyx是治疗脑动静脉畸形较为理想的栓塞材料,血管内栓塞是颅内动静脉畸形综合治疗中重要的组成部分。     

动静脉畸形立体定向放射外科治疗

立体定向放射外科是近年来伴随计算机、现代影像学和现代放疗学发展起来的一门新技术,临床应用治疗肿瘤和一些良性疾病具有靶区剂量高和周围正常组织损伤小的特点.本文就立体定向放射外科治疗动静脉畸形进行综述.     

X射线立体定向放射治疗后脑肿瘤的病理学观察

X射线立体定向放射用于治疗脑肿瘤已多年 ,对治疗后肿瘤的病理变化报道甚少 ,且多为动物实验[1～2 ]。我们收集经X射线立体定向放射治疗后又行手术切除的脑肿瘤标本 ,观察这些肿瘤的病理学改变。一、材料和方法1 材料 :洛阳医学高等专科学校附属医院经立体定向放射治疗后又手术切除的脑肿瘤标本 2 4例。经常规石蜡制片 ,HE染色。美国产Varian 60 0c直线加速器和德国Fisher公司ZD立体定向手术系统 ,准直器直径 10～ 2 3mm ,以等中心剂量的 80 %等剂量曲线覆盖肿瘤边缘 ,并以此剂量为靶区处方剂量 ,总剂量 16～ 3 6Gy ,分次剂量 :8～ 12Gy…     

伽玛刀治疗难治性癫痫的临床观察

目的探讨伽玛刀治疗症状性难治性癫痫的疗效。方法2003年1月—2007年1月,我院应用国产旋转式立体定向放射系统(伽玛刀)治疗经长期正规药物治疗不能控制的脑内有病灶的难治性癫痫20例。选择靶点:头颅MR I扫描确定病灶部位,并结合脑电图、脑电磁图、PET-CT等检查确定;适当扩展病灶外延1~2 mm作为治疗靶点,靶点周边剂量10~13 Gy,中心计量为20~26 Gy。疗效评估采用国际抗癫痫联盟提出的疗效标准。结果20例患者术后平均随访15个月(3~42个月)。满意3例;显著改善9例;良好5例;效差2例;无效1例。显效率为85%。治疗后症状即开始缓解,治疗后症状稳定平均时间为4.1个月(0~11个月);未出现并发症。结论伽玛刀治疗难治性癫痫能够显著控制癫痫的发生、提高生活质量,对病灶明确的症状性难治性癫痫是一种较为理想的治疗方法。     

Linac-Based Radiosurgery of Cerebral Melanoma Metastases

PURPOSE: Stereotactic radiosurgery is an alternative option to neurosurgical excision in the management of patients with brain metastases. We retrospectively analyzed patients with brain metastases of malignant melanoma who were treated at our institution for outcome and prognostic factors. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 64 patients with 122 cerebral metastases were treated with stereotactic radiosurgery between 1986 and 2000. Twelve patients (19%) showed neurologic symptoms at the time of treatment, and 46 patients (72%) had extracerebral tumor manifestation at that time. The median dose to the 80% isodose line, prescribed to encompass the tumor margin, was 20 Gy (range, 15-22 Gy). RESULTS: Neurologic symptoms improved in five of twelve symptomatic patients. 41 patients remained asymptomatic or unchanged in their neurologic symptoms. Only five patients (8%) temporarily worsened neurologically after therapy despite no signs of tumor progression. With a mean follow-up time of 9.4 months, actuarial local control was 81% after 1 year. There was a statistically significant dose and size dependency of local tumor control. Median actuarial survival after treatment was 10.6 months. Patients without extracerebral tumor manifestation showed a superior survival (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Despite high local tumor control rates, the prognosis of patients with cerebral metastases of malignant melanoma remains poor. Stereotactic radiosurgery has the potential of stabilizing or improving neurologic symptoms in these patients in a palliative setting.     

Occlusion of cerebral arteriovenous malformations with N-butyl cyano-acrylate is permanent.

PURPOSETo verify the permanence of total occlusion of cerebral arteriovenous malformations after embolization with N-butyl cyano-acrylate and to evaluate the occlusion rate.METHODSOne hundred thirty-four patients were treated for cerebral arteriovenous malformations with N-butyl cyano-acrylate embolization after superselective catheterization. Those initially totally occluded have been followed with angiography.RESULTSIn 15 instances (11.2%) the arteriovenous malformations were totally occluded by embolization alone. Follow-up angiograms have been performed in 12 cases (80%) after 4 to 78 (mean, 27) months after embolization. In all instances the arteriovenous malformations have remained occluded, and there have been no clinical signs of activity.CONCLUSIONAfter total occlusion of a cerebral arteriovenous malformation with N-butyl cyano-acrylate, the lesion stays occluded, and the clinical course seems stable.     

Clinical Assessment Of Stereotactic IGRT: Spinal Radiosurgery

The role of stereotactic radiosurgery for the treatment of intracranial lesions is well established. Its use for the treatment of spinal lesions has been limited because of the availability of effective target immobilization devices. Recent advances in stereotactic IGRT have allowed for spinal applications. Large clinical experience with spinal radiosurgery to properly assess clinical outcomes has previously been limited. At our institution, we have developed a successful multidisciplinary spinal radiosurgery program in which 542 spinal lesions (486 malignant and 56 benign lesions) were treated with a single-fraction radiosurgery technique. Patient ages ranged from 18 to 85 years (mean 56 years). Lesion location included 92 cervical, 234 thoracic, 130 lumbar, and 86 sacral. The most common metastatic tumors were renal cell (89 cases), breast (74 cases), and lung (71 cases). The most common benign tumors were neurofibroma (24 cases), schwannoma (13 cases), and meningioma (7 cases). Eighty-nine cervical lesions were treated using skull tracking. Thoracic, lumbar, and sacral tumors were tracked relative to either gold or stainless steel fiducial markers. The maximum intratumoral dose ranged from 12.5 to 30 Gy (mean 20 Gy). Tumor volume ranged from 0.16 to 298 mL (mean 47 mL). Three hundred thirty-seven lesions had received prior external beam irradiation with spinal cord doses precluding further conventional irradiation. The primary indication for radiosurgery was pain in 326 cases, as a primary treatment modality in 70 cases, for tumor radiographic tumor progression in 65 cases, for post-surgical treatment in 38 cases, for progressive neurological deficit in 35 cases, and as a radiation boost in 8 cases. Follow-up period was at least 3 to 49 months. Axial and/or radicular pain improved in 300 of 326 cases (92%). Long-term tumor control was demonstrated in 90% of lesions treated with radiosurgery as a primary treatment modality and in 88% of lesions treated for radiographic tumor progression. Thirty of 35 patients (85%) with progressive neurological deficits experienced at least some improvement after treatment. Spinal stereotactic radiosurgery is now a feasible, safe, and clinically effective technique for the treatment of a variety of spinal lesions. The potential benefits of radiosurgical ablation of spinal lesions are short treatment time in an outpatient setting with essentially no recovery time and excellent symptomatic response. This technique offers a new therapeutic modality for the primary treatment of a variety of spinal lesions, including the treatment of neoplasms in medically inoperable patients, previously irradiated sites, for lesions not amenable to open surgical techniques, and as an adjunct to surgery.     

Changes in regional cerebral blood flow in irradiated regions and normal brain after stereotactic radiosurgery

OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the radiation effect on the normal brain after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), we evaluated the change in regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) in targeted and extra-targeted areas according to the radiation dose given. METHODS: Thirteen patients who underwent SRS for brain tumors or arteriovenous malformations were included in this study. Maximum radiation doses to the lesion ranged from 24 to 37 Gy. Mean and regional CBF were measured by 99mTc-HMPAO scintigraphy with graphic analysis, performed at before, 2 weeks and 3 months (5 patients) after SRS. Under the co-registration with the CT with superimposed isodose distribution, ROIs were set on target (37-20 Gy), peri-target (20-5 Gy) and out-of-field (5-2 Gy and less than 2 Gy) areas on the quantitative SPECT images. RESULTS: Significant reductions in mean CBF (by 7%) and regional CBF in the peri-target areas (by 5-7%) and out-of-field areas (by 6-22%) were recognized at 2 weeks and 3 months after SRS. Regional CBF in the target and peri-target areas did not significantly change, presumably because there was little or no normal tissue in these areas. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that subclinical regional CBF reduction occurs after SRS in the normal brain in out-of-field of radiation.     

电解可脱卸弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤

目的　探讨电解可脱卸弹簧圈 (Guglielmidetachablecoil,GDC)栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤的方法及效果。方法　颅内动脉瘤患者 11例 ,其中男 5例 ,女 6例 ,年龄 2 3～ 6 5岁。颈内动脉瘤 4例 ,后交通支动脉瘤 4例 ,前交通支动脉瘤 3例 ,动脉瘤直径最小为 4mm ,最大为 2 3mm ,所有患者均采用GDC材料进行栓塞。结果　 10 0 %栓塞 7例 ,90 %～ 99%栓塞 3例 ,70 %～ 90 %栓塞 1例 ,术后临床随访 1～ 12个月 ,无一例再出血。结论　血管内栓塞治疗动脉瘤是一种安全、微创、有效的治疗方法 ,使用GDC栓塞材料操作方便、手术并发症少。     

Linac Radiosurgery Versus Whole Brain Radiotherapy for Brain Metastases

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: For patients with inoperable brain metastases, whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) has been the standard treatment for decades. Radiosurgery is an effective alternative strategy, but has failed to show a substantial survival benefit so far. The prognostic factors derived from the RTOG recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) provide a framework that allows a nonrandomized comparison of the two modalities. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From 1991 to 1998, 117 patients with one to three previously untreated cerebral metastases underwent single-dose linac radiosurgery (median dose 20 Gy) without adjuvant WBRT. After radiosurgery, 26/117 patients (22%) had salvage WBRT, radiosurgery or neurosurgical resection of recurrent (4/117) and/or new (24/117) metastases. Survival of these patients was compared to a historical group of 138 patients with one to three lesions treated by WBRT (30-36 Gy/3-Gy fractions) from 1978 to 1991; only nine of these patients (7%) had salvage WBRT. All patients were classified into the three RPA prognostic classes based on age, performance score, and presence of extracranial tumor manifestations. RESULTS: In RPA class I (Karnofsky performance score > or = 70, primary tumor controlled, no other metastases, age < 65 years), radiosurgery resulted in a median survival of 25.4 months (n = 23, confidence interval [CI] 5.8-45.0) which was significantly longer than for WBRT (n = 9, 4.7 months, CI 3.8-5.5; p < 0.0001). In RPA class III (Karnofsky performance score < 70), no significant difference in survival between radiosurgery (n = 20, 4.2 months, CI 3.2-5.3) and WBRT (n = 68, 2.5 months, CI 2.2-2.8) was found. In RPA class II (all other patients), radiosurgery produced a small, but significant survival advantage (radiosurgery: n = 74, 5.9 months, CI 3.2-8.5, WBRT: n = 61, 4.1 months, CI 3.4-4.9; p < 0.04). CONCLUSION: Radiosurgery in patients with one to three cerebral metastases results in a substantial survival benefit only in younger patients with a low systemic tumor burden when compared to WBRT alone. It cannot be excluded that this effect is partially caused by the available salvage options after radiosurgery.     

Linear-accelerator-based stereotactic irradiation for metastatic brain tumors

To assess the safety and availability of stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) for metastatic brain tumors, we reviewed 54 consecutive cases with a total of 118 brain metastases treated with linear-accelerator-based stereotactic irradiation (STI). Nineteen patients with a total of 27 brain tumors that were larger than 3 cm or close to critical normal tissues were treated with SRT. The marginal dose of SRT was 15-21 Gy (median 21 Gy) in 3 fractions for 3 days. The median marginal dose of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) was 20 Gy. Effective rates of imaging studies were 72.7% and 94.4%, and those of clinical symptoms were 46.7% and 55.6% for SRT and SRS, respectively. One-year and two-year survival rates of SRT were 40.9% and 17.6%, respectively, and the median follow-up period was 6.4 months. The one-year survival rate of SRS was 32.7%, with a median follow-up of 4.6 months. Fourteen cases (7 cases each) had recurrent tumors at STI sites. Early complications were observed in one case of SRT and 8 cases of SRS, and late complications occurred in 3 cases of SRS. There were no significant differences among effective rates, survival rates, median follow-up times, recurrence rates, and complications between SRT and SRS. We concluded that SRT is a safe, effective therapy for large or eloquent area metastases.     

Efficacy of whole brain radiotherapy combined with fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy in metastatic brain tumors, and prognostic factors

PURPOSE: We attempted to analyze the effectiveness of whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) combined with fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT) in brain metastases. METHODS: Thirty-seven metastatic brain tumors in 29 patients without previous treatment were treated with WBRT plus FSRT, from October 1996 to February 2002. Four of the patients received stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) prior to WBRT. Non-small cell lung cancer was the most common type of primary tumor (20/29). The total dose to the whole brain ranged from 30 Gy to 40 Gy, and the boost dose from FSRT ranged from 12 Gy to 40 Gy. End points were survival rate and local control rates. Factors influencing survival were evaluated. RESULTS: Median survival was 13 months, and actuarial survival rates at one and two years were 81% and 39%, respectively. Actuarial one and two year local control rates for all lesions were 78% and 71%, respectively. Survival was significantly associated with age, tumor size, presence of active extracranial tumors, and performance status. No acute or delayed complications were observed. CONCLUSIONS: We believe that WBRT plus FSRT should be included in the treatment options for metastatic brain tumors, and we consider the effect of this non-invasive method to be quite good in patients with good prognostic factors, although other invasive modalities could also be effective in them.     

肾上腺转移瘤的伽马刀治疗

目的探讨肾上腺转移瘤的伽马刀治疗效果。方法对20例肾上腺转移瘤病人,用伽马刀进行肾上腺转移瘤适形放射外科治疗,以50%~60%等剂量曲线包绕病灶,周边剂量3.5Gy~4.5Gy,隔日1次,共8~10次。结果除2例因全身多处转移伴全身衰竭未完成治疗外,18例患者完成治疗。5例患者治疗后有2例生存超过1年,1年生存率为40%(2/5)。治疗后超过6个月的12例患者中,10例生存;6个月生存率为83.3%(10/12)。随访患者平均生存时间10个月。伽马刀治疗后3个月后复查,根据B超和CT检查肾上腺转移瘤,88.9%(16/18)患者的转移瘤有不同程度的缩小。77.8%(14/18)患者原有的腰痛症状逐步减轻。结论肾上腺转移瘤对放射治疗敏感,伽马刀治疗肾上腺转移瘤是比较安全有效的姑息治疗,无严重并发症。