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1.
Women with disabilities are at greater risk for physical abuse than women without disabilities. However, no previous population-based
studies have examined physical abuse against women with disabilities around the time of pregnancy, a critical period for mother
and child. The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of physical abuse before and during pregnancy among
a representative sample of Massachusetts women with and without disabilities. Data from the 2007–2008 Massachusetts Pregnancy
Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) were analyzed in 2010. Disability prevalence was 4.9% (95% CI = 3.9–6.2) among Massachusetts
women giving birth during 2007–2008. The prevalence of physical abuse during the 12-months before pregnancy among women with
disabilities was 13.6% (95% CI = 7.2–24.0) compared to 2.8% for women without disabilities (95% CI = 2.1–3.7). Similarly,
8.1% (95% CI = 4.0–15.7) of women with disabilities compared to 2.3% (95% CI = 1.7–3.1) of women without disabilities experienced
physical abuse during pregnancy. Multivariate analyses indicated that women with disabilities were more likely to report physical
abuse before pregnancy (OR = 4.3, 95% CI = 1.9–9.7), during pregnancy (OR = 2.8, 95% CI = 1.1–7.1), or during either time
period (OR = 3.2, 95% CI = 1.4–7.1) than women without disabilities while controlling for maternal age, education, race/Hispanic
ethnicity, marital status and household poverty status. No difference was observed by disability status in the likelihood
of prenatal-care providers talking to women about physical abuse. These analyses reveal disproportionate prevalence of physical
abuse before and during pregnancy among women with disabilities. Screening for physical abuse and timely referral of women
in need of assistance are critical to optimize health outcomes for both mother and child. 相似文献
2.
Patricia A. Braun Amy G. Huebschmann Christina A. Kim Dennis C. Lezotte Alyson Shupe Dana Dabelea 《Journal of immigrant and minority health / Center for Minority Public Health》2011,13(3):426-433
(1) Describe gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) prevalence time trends in USborn (USWH) and Mexico-born (MWH), white Hispanic
Colorado women and (2) Determine effect of maternal birthplace on GDM prevalence. Retrospective population-based study of
1995–2004 Colorado birth certificate data for live, singleton births to white, Hispanic mothers estimated prevalence, trends,
and association of GDM and maternal birthplace. Univariate, bivariate and logistic regression analyses were conducted. GDM
prevalence in 154,957 births increased in both USWH (1.77–2.53%, P < 0.0001) and MWH (2.38–3.08%, P < 0.0001). Over study years, MWH had higher crude odds (OR = 1.30; 95% CI = 1.22–1.38) for developing GDM than USWH. Adjustment
for maternal age and maternal education reduced GDM risk by birth country (OR = 1.05; 95% CI = 0.98–1.13, P = ns). GDM prevalence increased in both US-born and Mexico-born, white, Hispanic Colorado women. Mexico-born immigrant women
may have increased risk for GDM compared with their USborn counterparts. Lower education attainment may be determinant of
disease risk. 相似文献
3.
Boutin-Foster C Rodriguez A 《Journal of immigrant and minority health / Center for Minority Public Health》2009,11(5):359-365
This study evaluated the psychosocial correlates of being overweight or obese among US born and immigrant Latino adults. Depressive
symptoms were measured with the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D10). Of the 177 participants, 64%
were either overweight or obese, of which, 51% also had comorbid depressive symptoms. On bivariate analyses, these participants
were younger (OR = 2.4, 95% CI = 1.5–5.2), female (OR = 2.5, 95% CI = 1.3–4.6), US born (OR = 6, 95% CI = 1.3–9.0), more likely
to have lived in the US 15 or more years (OR = 2.6, 95% CI 1.3–5.1), reported fair or poor health, (OR = 3.8, 95% CI = 1.8–8.0),
and were more likely to perceive greater stress (OR = 7.8, 95% CI = 3.4–18.0). On multivariate analysis, only perceived stress
remained significant (OR = 6.5, 95% CI = 2.7–15.6). This suggests that interventions designed to reduce the epidemic of overweight
and obesity in Latino adults may also need to address their psychosocial health. 相似文献
4.
Objectives To identify prenatal and perinatal factors that predict women at risk of sub-clinical and major postpartum depression among
a cohort of low medical risk pregnant women in Canada. Methods Data from 1,403 women who completed a randomized controlled trial of supplementary support during pregnancy was analyzed
to identify risk factors for sub-clinical and major postpartum depression. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS),
completed at eight weeks postpartum, was used to classify each woman’s depression symptom severity. Demographic, obstetric,
behavioral risk, mental health and psychosocial factors were considered. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to
identify risk factors most predictive of sub-clinical and major postpartum depression. Results After adjustment for other covariates, variables that increased the risk of sub-clinical postpartum depression included a
history of depression (OR = 2.27, CI = 1.42–3.63), anxiety symptoms during pregnancy (OR = 2.12, CI = 1.09–4.11), being born
outside Canada (OR = 1.87, CI = 1.17–3.00), and low parenting self-efficacy (OR = 1.65, CI = 1.06–2.55). Variables that increased
the risk of major postpartum depression included a history of depression (OR = 2.78, CI = 1.56–4.97), being born outside Canada
(OR = 2.97, CI = 1.70–5.17), depressive symptoms during pregnancy (OR = 2.83, CI = 1.29–6.19) and not breastfeeding at eight
weeks postpartum (OR = 2.12, CI = 1.21–3.70). Conclusions A history of depression and being born outside Canada predicted women who were at an increased risk of sub-clinical and major
postpartum depression. The remaining risk factors specific to sub-clinical and major postpartum depression suggest some differences
between women vulnerable to sub-clinical compared to major depressive symptoms in the postpartum period, which may have implications
for targeted screening and intervention strategies. 相似文献
5.
Wiklund F Lageros YT Chang E Bälter K Johansson JE Adami HO Grönberg H 《European journal of epidemiology》2008,23(11):739-746
The etiologic role of physical activity in prostate cancer development is unclear. We assessed the association between lifetime
total physical activity and prostate cancer risk in a Swedish population-based case–control study comprising 1,449 incident
prostate cancer cases and 1,118 unaffected population controls. Information regarding physical activity was obtained via a
self-administered questionnaire assessing occupational, household, and recreational activity separately at various ages throughout
an individual’s lifetime. Clinical data (TNM-classification, Gleason sum and PSA) was obtained from linkage to the National
Prostate Cancer Registry. Overall, we observed no association between lifetime total physical activity and prostate cancer
risk (odds ratio [OR] = 1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.77–1.41 for ≥49.7 vs. <41.9 metabolic equivalent-hours per
day). There was a significantly increased risk of prostate cancer in the most active men compared with the least active men
in household (OR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.08–1.92) and recreational physical activity (OR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.16–2.10). Comparing
the most active with the least active men, total physical activity was not associated with either localized disease (OR = 0.95,
95% CI = 0.67–1.34) or advanced disease (OR = 1.19, 95% CI = 0.83–1.71). These findings do not support the hypothesis that
physical activity uniformly protects against prostate cancer development. 相似文献
6.
The mortality in prisoners is high. However, our knowledge about the mortality in convicted offenders, irrespective of incarceration
history, is limited. Our aim was to investigate possible predictors for over-all and cause specific mortality in a nation-wide
study of convicted offenders with and without previous imprisonment. This case–control study drew random samples of deceased
and living offenders (N = 1,112) from four complete cohorts of convicted offenders, two male (born 1967 and 1977, respectively), and two female (born
1967–70 and 1977–80, respectively). All criminal records were systematized and information about date and cause of death was
collected on those deceased. Multivariable analyses demonstrated that age at first court conviction (OR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.84–0.93),
drug related crimes (OR = 1.99, 95% CI = 1.23–3.22), and crime diversity (1.51, 95% CI = 1.07–2.13) were significant predictors
of premature death in males. In females, age at first court conviction (OR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.88–0.97), drug related crimes
(OR = 2.24, 95% CI = 1.37–3.69) and belonging to the oldest cohort (OR = 2.10, 95% CI = 1.35–3.26) were significant predictors
of premature death. Age at first court conviction remained a significant predictor for death in all cause specific multivariable
mortality analyses. In addition, having committed drug related crimes and high crime diversity were strong predictors for
substance related deaths. Males did more often die in accidents or commit suicide. Somatic deaths were most often encountered
in the oldest cohort. Incarceration did not remain a significant predictor for premature death in any of the multivariable
analyses. Measures intended to prevent premature death in convicted offenders should target wider populations than hitherto
acknowledged. 相似文献
7.
Lowered maternal weight gain and reduction in early pregnancy have been associated with risk of neural tube defects (NTDs)
in offspring. We examined the association of self-reported maternal dieting behaviors on the occurrence of NTDs. We conducted
a population based case–control study among Mexican–American women who were residents of the 14 Texas counties bordering Mexico.
Case women had an NTD-affected pregnancy identified at birth or prenatally and had deliveries during the years 1995–2000.
Control women were those who delivered live born infants without an apparent congenital malformation, randomly selected and
frequency-matched to cases by year and facility. One hundred eighty-four case women and 225 control women were asked in person
about the use of nutritional supplements, dieting to lose weight, and type of weight reduction supplements used during the
3 months before conception. Women who reported being on a diet to lose weight during the 3 months before conception had an
NTD odds ratio (OR) of 1.9 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.1, 3.3) compared with those not reporting being on a diet. Neither
consuming vitamin drinks (OR = 1.2) nor using diet pills (OR = 1.6) during the 3 months before conception had ORs that were
different from the null, when compared to women not reporting those behaviors. The risk effect for dieting did not differ
markedly among normal or underweight (OR = 2.0, 95% CI = 0.7, 5.6), overweight (OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 0.7, 5.0), or obese women
(OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 0.6, 4.0). No effect was seen among dieting women who were consuming at least 1.0 mg/day of folate (OR = 1.1,
CI = 0.3, 4.5). Maternal dieting prior to conception may increase the risk of NTDs in offspring. 相似文献
8.
Kouichi Yoshimasu Chikako Kiyohara Kazuhisa Miyashita The Stress Research Group of the Japanese Society for Hygiene 《Environmental health and preventive medicine》2008,13(5):243-256
The purpose of the present review is to evaluate the effects of common risk factors for suicide by meta-analyses using data
extracted from studies based on the psychological autopsy method. We focused on five common risk factors of suicide: substance-related
disorders, mood disorders, adverse marital status, adverse employment status, and self-harm behaviors. A total of 24 articles
were identified from MEDLINE in which the crude odds ratio (OR) could be calculated for the above five risk factors through
30 April 2007, using such search keywords as “suicide,” “psychological autopsy,” and “case-control study.” Overall, both substance-related
disorders [OR = 5.24; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 3.30–8.31] and mood disorders [OR = 13.42; 95% CI = 8.05–22.37] were
strongly associated with suicidal risk. Suicidal attempt and deliberate self-harm, which can directly lead to completed suicide,
have been shown to be very strongly associated with suicidal risk [OR = 16.33; 95% CI = 7.51–35.52]. Effects of social factors
such as adverse marital and employment status were relatively small. As substance-related disorders and mood disorders were
strongly associated with an increased risk of completed suicide, the comorbidity of these two disorders should be paid a maximum
attention. The effective prevention of suicide depends on whether we can successfully incorporate these personal factors as
well as social factors into an adequate multi-factorial model.
Members of the Stress Research Group of the Japanese Society for Hygiene are listed in the Appendix. 相似文献
9.
Women commit 4–5% of all sexual crimes, but there is considerable uncertainty about associations with psychosis and substance
abuse. We examined the prevalence of psychiatric hospitalization, psychotic disorders, and substance abuse in a nationwide
sample of female sexual offenders. We obtained data from Swedish national registers for criminal convictions, hospital discharge
diagnoses, and demographic and socioeconomic factors between 1988 and 2000, and merged them using unique identifiers. Convicted
female sexual offenders (n = 93) were compared with all females convicted of non-sexual violent offences (n = 13,452) and a random sample of general population women (n = 20,597). Over 13 years, 36.6% of female sexual offenders had been admitted to psychiatric hospital and 7.5% been discharged
with a diagnosis of a psychotic disorder. Compared to non-sexual violent offenders, there were no significant differences
in the proportion diagnosed with psychosis or substance abuse. Compared to women in the general population, however, there
was a significantly increased risk in sex offenders of psychiatric hospitalization (age-adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 15.4;
95% CI: 10.0–23.7), being diagnosed with a psychotic disorder (AOR = 16.2; 95% CI: 7.2–36.4), and with substance use disorders (AOR = 22.6; 95% CI: 13.0–39.1). We conclude that the prevalence of psychotic and substance use disorders was not different between
sexual offenders and other violent offenders, suggesting non-specificity of sexual offending in women. Nevertheless, substantially
increased prevalences of psychiatric disorder, underline the importance of screening and assessment of female sexual and other
violent offenders. 相似文献
10.
Existing cross-sectional research suggests associations between physical and sexual abuse in childhood and same-sex sexual
orientation in adulthood. This study prospectively examined whether abuse and/or neglect in childhood were associated with
increased likelihood of same-sex partnerships in adulthood. The sample included physically abused (N = 85), sexually abused (N = 72), and neglected (N = 429) children (ages 0–11) with documented cases during 1967–1971 who were matched with non-maltreated children (N = 415) and followed into adulthood. At approximately age 40, participants (483 women and 461 men) were asked about romantic
cohabitation and sexual partners, in the context of in-person interviews covering a range of topics. Group (abuse/neglect
versus control) differences were assessed with cross-tabulations and logistic regression. A total of 8% of the overall sample
reported any same-sex relationship (cohabitation or sexual partners). Childhood physical abuse and neglect were not significantly
associated with same-sex cohabitation or sexual partners. Individuals with documented histories of childhood sexual abuse
were significantly more likely than controls to report ever having had same-sex sexual partners (OR = 2.81, 95% CI = 1.16–6.80,
p ≤ .05); however, only men with histories of childhood sexual abuse were significantly more likely than controls to report
same-sex sexual partners (OR = 6.75, 95% CI = 1.53–29.86, p ≤ .01). These prospective findings provide tentative evidence of a link between childhood sexual abuse and same-sex sexual
partnerships among men, although further research is needed to explore this relationship and to examine potential underlying
mechanisms. 相似文献
11.
C. Manithip A. Sihavong K. Edin R. Wahlstrom H. Wessel 《Maternal and child health journal》2011,15(8):1356-1362
This study aims at exploring factors related to the antenatal care (ANC) utilization in rural areas of Lao PDR. A quantitative,
cross-sectional interview study was conducted in the Khammouane and Champasack provinces. The study population comprised all
currently pregnant women 15–45 years of age with a gestational period beyond 32 weeks plus all women who had given birth during
the last 12 months. With the informed consent of all eligible women, 460 respondents were included in the study and interviewed
using a structured questionnaire. Multiple logistic regression analysis was applied to determine factors significantly related
to ANC use. Fifty-one percent of the respondents had at least one ANC visit. Among the users, 63% had visited ANC three times
or more but only 28% attended during the first trimester. After adjusting for other factors, using a 95% Confidence Interval
(CI), statistically significant associations were found between ANC use and the following factors: women whose husbands were
salaried employees (OR = 2.66, CI = 1.45–4.88); women younger than 18 years old at first pregnancy (OR 0.56, CI = 0.28–0.97);
women perceiving ANC as somewhat useful (OR = 2.88, CI = 1.26–6.61) or very useful (OR = 7.45, CI = 3.59–15.46). Awareness of the usefulness of ANC was related to more frequent use and could be one
focus of community intervention to increase utilization. 相似文献
12.
Objective We evaluate the impact of the Healthy Start intervention program on feto-infant morbidity within a community setting. Methods Prospective data from 2002 to 2007 within the ongoing Federally funded Healthy Start intervention project in Central Hillsborough
County were merged with corresponding birth outcomes data from the Florida Department of Health. The impact of the project
on the following feto-infant morbidity indices was assessed among service recipients: low birth weight (LBW), very low birth
weight (VLBW), preterm, very preterm, small for gestational age (SGA) and a composite feto-infant morbidity outcome. Program
effectiveness and impact were measured using odds ratios from logistic regression models and number needed to treat (NNT).
Results The risk for low birth weight (OR = 0.7; 95% CI = 0.5–1.0), preterm (OR = 0.7; 95% CI = 0.5–0.9) and the composite feto-infant
morbidity outcome (OR = 0.8; 95% CI = 0.6–0.9) was reduced among service recipients (N = 536) as compared to non-recipients (N = 2,815). A clinically important level of risk reduction was also noted for very low birth weight (OR = 0.5; 95% CI = 0.2–1.1)
and very preterm (OR = 0.6; 95% CI = 0.3–1.2) although these did not reach statistical significance. The adjusted NNT was
lowest for the composite feto-infant morbidity outcome (18), preterm birth (21) and low birth weight (24), and highest for
very preterm (86) and very low birth weight (74) events. Conclusions In a disadvantaged community setting, the Healthy Start intervention program was found to reduce the risk for very low birth
weight and preterm births by about one-third. 相似文献
13.
Mohsen Maddah Nazli Ahani Haji Hossaini Majid Karandish 《Mediterranean journal of nutrition and metabolism》2012,5(1):49-51
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is not uncommon in non-obese people. We examined the independent predictors of NAFLD
in a group of non-obese and non-diabetic men and women in Rasht, Iran. Sixty-one adults aged 38.4 ± 8.4 years (32 men and
29 women) with body mass index (BMI) <30 kg/m2 and non-diabetic with clinical features of NAFLD who visited our center between 2007 and 2009 were compared to 147 non-obese,
non-diabetic and normal liver subjects (40 men and 107 women) aged 40.8 ± 9.1. Data on blood lipids, anthropometry, fasting
blood glucose, exercise, and educational levels were gathered using a questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis revealed
that weight gain during adulthood [OR = 1.90 (95% CI = 1.03–1.84), P < 0.04] and high serum triglyceride levels [OR = 1.19 (95% CI = 1.09–1.28), P < 0.0001] were independent predictors of NAFLD in this group of non-obese subjects. BMI, educational levels, gender, and
habitual physical activity were not independently related to NAFLD in this study. These data suggest that weight gain after
20 years of age rather than BMI and high levels of triglyceride may serve as screening tool for NAFLD in clinical practice
in this population. In nutritional management of these apparently normal weight subjects with NAFLD modest weight loss is
necessary. 相似文献
14.
Sari L. Reisner Matthew J. Mimiaga Patricia Case Carey V. Johnson Steven A. Safren Kenneth H. Mayer 《Journal of urban health》2009,86(2):250-262
Studies have found that between 14% and 46% of US men who have sex with men (MSM) consistently report “barebacking” behavior
(i.e., intentional unprotected anal intercourse) with other men. This is of public health significance because MSM continue to constitute more
than 50% of new HIV infections in the USA. Men who self-identify as barebackers may represent a different and unique subset
of MSM with distinct HIV prevention needs. In 2007, 227 HIV seronegative MSM recruited through modified respondent-driven
sampling completed an interviewer-administered survey which assessed barebacker identity (i.e., personally identifying with
the barebacker scene), demographics, sexual risk behaviors, psychosocial variables, and drug/alcohol use. Bivariate and multivariable
logistic regression procedures were used to examine predictors of barebacker identity in relation to HIV risk behavior. Overall,
31% of participants identified as a barebacker. In bivariate analyses, lower education (OR = 1.76; 95% CI = 0.99–3.13; p < 0.05), a current drinking problem (OR = 2.34, 95% CI = 1.29–4.23; p < 0.01), higher levels of HIV treatment optimism (OR = 1.06; 95% CI = 1.01–1.12; p < 0.05), meeting sexual partners at private sex parties (OR = 2.47; 95% CI = 1.28–4.74; p < 0.01) or at bars/cubs (OR = 1.97; 95% CI = 1.10–3.52; p < 0.05), and engaging in serodiscordant unprotected insertive anal sex (OR = 3.42; 95% CI = 1.27–9.21; p < 0.01) significantly predicted barebacker identification compared to those with no barebacker identification. In a multivariable
model, barebackers were more likely to screen in for alcohol abuse (adjusted OR = 2.16; 95% CI = 1.09–4.27; p < 0.05) and engage in serodiscordant unprotected insertive anal sex (adjusted OR = 3.17; 95% CI = 1.09–9.20; p < 0.05) compared to their non-barebacker counterparts. No significant differences were found in serodiscordant unprotected
receptive anal sex between barebackers and non-barebackers. These findings suggest that barebacker identity is related to
intentional HIV sexual risk taking and alcohol abuse. Furthermore, strategic positioning (i.e., engaging in insertive rather
than receptive sex) might be associated with barebacker identification and may indicate a harm-reduction strategy being used
among some HIV-uninfected MSM to reduce their risk of becoming infected. Additional research is warranted to understand the
social identity of barebacking among MSM in order to develop more nuanced prevention strategies. 相似文献
15.
Ayman A. E. El-Mohandes Michele Kiely Marie G. Gantz M. Nabil El-Khorazaty 《Maternal and child health journal》2011,15(1):19-28
This study examines whether an integrated behavioral intervention with proven efficacy in reducing psycho-behavioral risks
(smoking, environmental tobacco smoke exposure (ETSE), depression, and intimate partner violence (IPV)) in African-Americans
is associated with improved pregnancy outcomes. A randomized controlled trial targeting risks during pregnancy was conducted
in the District of Columbia. African-American women were recruited if reporting at least one of the risks mentioned above.
Randomization to intervention or usual care was site and risk specific. Sociodemographic, health risk and pregnancy outcome
data were collected. Data on 819 women, and their singleton live born infants were analyzed using an intent-to-treat approach.
Bivariate analyses preceded a reduced logistical model approach to elucidate the effect of the intervention on the reduction
of prematurity and low birth weight. The incidence of low birthweight (LBW) was 12% and very low birthweight (VLBW) was 1.6%.
Multivariate logistic regression results showed that depression was associated with LBW (OR = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.12–2.62). IPV
was associated with preterm birth (PTB) and very preterm birth (VPTB) (OR 1.64, 95% CI = 1.07–2.51, OR = 2.94, 95% CI = 1.40–6.16,
respectively). The occurrence of VPTB was significantly reduced in the intervention compared to the usual care group (OR = 0.42,
95% CI = 0.19-0.93). Our study confirms the significant associations between multiple psycho-behavioral risks and poor pregnancy
outcomes, including LBW and PTB. Our behavioral intervention with demonstrated efficacy in addressing multiple risk factors
simultaneously reduced VPTB within an urban minority population. 相似文献
16.
Venkataraman K Kannan AT Kalra OP Gambhir JK Sharma AK Sundaram KR Mohan V 《Journal of community health》2012,37(3):653-662
A cross-sectional survey of 507 in- and out-patients, with diagnosed Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was undertaken to study
the relationships between personal, disease and treatment-related factors and diabetes control in a tertiary care hospital.
On multivariate logistic regression analysis, self-efficacy (odds ratio (OR) = 2.94; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.92–4.54);
P < 0.001) was the single most important determinant of current diabetes control (HbA1c ≤ 7%), along with absence of hyperglycemic
symptoms in the past year (OR = 1.83; 95% CI = 1.15–2.93, P < 0.01), current treatment with oral medication (OR = 1.77; 95% CI = 1.17–2.66; P < 0.007), and adherence to dietary restrictions (OR = 2.7; 95% CI = 1.28–5.88; P < 0.009). Self-efficacy was itself influenced by educational status, employment, availability of family support, and positive
mental attitudes. Our findings suggest that health care delivery inputs, patients’ personal characteristics including education
and attitude, and family support for care are complexly processed to determine patients’ ability to manage their disease,
which ultimately influences disease outcomes. 相似文献
17.
Boqin Xie PhD Chenjuan Ma PhD Yu Chen PhD Junqiao Wang MSN 《Health & social care in the community》2021,29(1):294-303
This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of the co-occurrence of physical frailty and cognitive impairment and to identify its associated demographic, psychosocial and behavioural factors. Participants were recruited from 32 neighbourhoods using multistage sampling method in Xuhui District, Shanghai, China. A total of 1585 older adults were included who lived in community, were 75 years or older and without a clinical diagnosis of dementia. Based on the presences of frailty (using the modified frailty phenotype criteria) and/or cognitive impairment (using Chinese version Mini-Mental Status Examination stratified by educational level), the participants were classified into four groups: normal, cognitive impairment alone, frailty alone and co-occurrence. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the demographic, psychosocial (depression, social participation and social support) and behavioural (sedentary lifestyle and sleep problems) characteristics associated with the co-occurrence of physical frailty and cognitive impairment. The prevalence of frailty alone, cognitive impairment alone and the co-occurrence of physical frailty and cognitive impairment in the study sample were 7%, 26.94% and 7.19% respectively. The results of multinomial logistic regression show the following characteristics significantly associated with the co-occurrence of physical frailty and cognitive impairment: advanced age (81–85 years old, Odds Ratio, OR = 1.99, 95% CI = 1.10–3.59; 86 years or older, OR = 6.43, 95% CI = 3.66–11.29), number of co-morbidities (OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.01–1.77), depression (OR = 3.88, 95% CI = 2.39–6.29), social participation (OR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.39–0.96), sedentary lifestyle (OR = 2.69, 95% CI = 1.66–4.34) and sleep problems (insomnia occasionally, OR = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.07–3.17; insomnia every day, OR = 2.38, 95% CI = 1.33–4.26). The co-occurrence of physical frailty and cognitive impairment is a prevalent health issue in oldest old community-dwelling older adults. Advanced age, co-morbidity, depression, sedentary lifestyle and sleep problems are risk factors for cognitive frailty while good social participation may have a protective effect on it. 相似文献
18.
Chiu-Fang Chou Pamela Jo Johnson Lynn A. Blewett 《Journal of immigrant and minority health / Center for Minority Public Health》2010,12(4):470-479
We examined indicators of health status and healthcare utilization according to immigration status to assess the ‘healthy
immigrant effect’ for Chinese adults. Data for Chinese in Taiwan (n = 15,549) were from the 2001 Taiwan National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). Data for U.S.-born Chinese (n = 964) and Chinese Immigrants in the U.S. (n = 253) were from the 1998–2004 U.S. NHIS. We used multivariate logistic regression to estimate the adjusted odds of perceived
poor health, having ever smoked, and past year emergency room visits according to immigration status. For Chinese immigrants,
more years in the U.S. were associated with lower odds of reporting poor health (OR = 0.4; 95% CI = 0.2–0.8) and past-year
emergency room use (OR = 0.5; 95% CI = 0.3–0.9). Compared with recent Chinese immigrants (<5 years in U.S.), Chinese in Taiwan
had higher odds of reporting poor health (OR = 6.2; 95% CI = 3.2–12.1) and having ever smoked (OR = 1.6; 95% CI = 1.1–2.5).
Our results suggest that those who migrate have better health profiles than those who do not migrate. However, recent Chinese
immigrants were not significantly different than U.S.-born Chinese. 相似文献
19.
Standish K Nandi V Ompad DC Momper S Galea S 《Journal of immigrant and minority health / Center for Minority Public Health》2010,12(3):310-318
Background High household density increases exposure to communicable diseases, psychological distress in adults, and poor long-term
health in children. High residential density, which may be a mediator of poor health, is common among immigrants. Methods We used data from a pilot survey among Mexican immigrants in New York City. Respondents were recruited through venue-based
sampling in neighborhoods with large Mexican populations. Results Among respondents that reported being undocumented (N = 404), the mean number of people per room (PPR) of residence was 2.2. In multivariate analyses, living in conditions of
>2 PPR was positively associated with living with one’s children (OR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.4–3.9), having experienced food insecurity
in the past 6 months (OR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.1–3.6), and language discrimination (OR = 2.3 compared to other forms of discrimination,
95% CI = 1.2–4.4). Conclusions Undocumented Mexican immigrants, particularly those who are linguistically marginalized and experience food insufficiency,
live in conditions of marked household density in NYC. 相似文献
20.
Behrens G Leitzmann MF Sandin S Löf M Heid IM Adami HO Weiderpass E 《European journal of epidemiology》2011,26(2):81-90
Although light to moderate alcohol intake may reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, the effect on total mortality
requires further study, particularly among young and middle-aged women. We studied the association between alcohol consumption
and mortality from all causes, from cancer, and from CVD in the Swedish Women’s Lifestyle and Health Study, a cohort of 47,921
female residents of Sweden aged 30–49 years at baseline in 1991/1992 and followed up to 2006. We estimated the relative risk
(RR) of mortality associated with alcohol intake using Cox regression adjusted for age, smoking, BMI, saturated fat intake,
physical activity, and education. During 713,295 person-years of follow-up, 1,119 deaths occurred, including 158 deaths from
CVD, 673 deaths from cancer, and 288 deaths from other causes. Compared with non-drinking, light to moderate drinking (0.1–19.9 g
of alcohol per day) showed a statistically significant inverse association with total mortality (RR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.71–0.98).
Analyses of cause-specific mortality revealed an RR for CVD mortality of 0.69 (95% CI = 0.46–1.01) and an RR for cancer mortality
of 0.92 (95% CI = 0.75–1.15). These results suggest that in younger women, a possibly beneficial effect of light to moderate
drinking on future risk of mortality is limited to a prevention of CVD mortality but not cancer mortality. 相似文献