二甲双胍抑制Fo xp 3的表达诱导乳腺癌细胞凋亡

目的：研究二甲双胍对于人乳腺癌细胞 MCF-7增殖与调亡的效应,并探讨 Foxp3在其中的作用。方法分别以二甲双胍（5 mmol/L、10 mmol/L、20 mmol/L）干预人乳腺癌细胞 MCF-748 h 后,采用 MTT 法检测细胞增殖抑制率;Hoechst 33258染色和流式细胞仪分析细胞凋亡;实时（real-time）PCR检测 Foxp3和 caspase-3 mRNA 表达水平;Western blot 法检测Foxp3蛋白的表达。结果与对照组（未经二甲双胍处理）相比,二甲双胍作用 MCF-7细胞48 h后,对细胞增殖有明显抑制作用（P＜0．05）;并可明显诱导 MCF-7细胞凋亡,早期凋亡率分别为3．76％、8．96％和18．67％;经二甲双胍处理后,MCF-7细胞中caspase-3 mRNA表达水平显著上调（P＜0．05）,而 Foxp3 mRNA和 Foxp3蛋白表达水平降低（P＜0．05）。结论二甲双胍有抑制 MCF-7增殖并诱导其凋亡的作用,其机制可能与 Foxp3表达下调有关。     

二甲双胍对尼古丁诱导肺动脉平滑肌细胞增殖的影响及机制研究

目的 明确二甲双胍(metformin)对尼古丁(nicotine)诱导肺动脉平滑肌细胞(pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells,PASMCs)增殖的影响,并探讨其机制.方法 组织贴块法原代培养SD大鼠PASMCs,不同浓度的尼古丁分别刺激PASMCs,采用CCK-8法检测细胞增殖变化,确定尼古丁促PASMCs增殖的最佳作用浓度,并观察二甲双胍对尼古丁诱导PASMCs增殖的影响.ELISA法观察二甲双胍对尼古丁暴露下PASMCs IL-6、TNF-α表达水平的影响;流式细胞术检测二甲双胍对尼古丁暴露下PASMCs产生ROS水平变化;采用Western blot检测AMPK表达和活性变化.结果 成功分离培养并鉴定PASMCs,α-actin蛋白在细胞质高表达并呈丝状分布.与对照组相比,0.1μmmol/L尼古丁处理48 h后可显著促进PASMCs增殖(P ＜0.05);2 mmol/L二甲双胍预处理后,尼古丁诱导的PASMCs增殖受到明显抑制.尼古丁处理组PASMCs细胞中IL-6、TNF-α和ROS水平明显升高(P＜0.05);而二甲双胍干预后抑制尼古丁暴露下PASMCs中IL-6、TNF-α.和ROS的产生(P＜0.05).尼古丁刺激PASMCs后可引起AMPK磷酸化水平(p-AMPK)表达一过性升高,而二甲双胍引起p-AMPK持续升高(P＜0.05).结论 尼古丁刺激PASMCs引起IL-6、TNF-α水平增加,及ROS过度生成,促进PASMCs增殖;二甲双胍抑制上述炎症反应和氧化应激状态,及尼古丁诱导的PASMCs增殖,其机制可能依赖于AMPK的持续活化.     

二甲双胍抑制人前列腺癌细胞上皮间质转化及其作用机制

目的 研究二甲双胍对前列腺癌Vcap细胞增殖、侵袭及上皮间质转化（EMT）的影响,初步探讨microRNA(miRNA) 相关的作用机制。方法 以PBS处理组作为对照,使用不同浓度二甲双胍(1~50mmol/L) 处理前列腺癌Vcap细胞,MTS比色法检测细胞的增殖能力;流式细胞术分析二甲双胍对Vcap细胞周期分布的影响;划痕和侵袭小室实验分别检测5mmol/L二甲双胍和miR30a对细胞迁移和侵袭能力的作用;使用RT-PCR和Western blotting测定5mmol/L二甲双胍对Vcap细胞上皮指标物（E-cadherin、β-catenin）和间质指标物（Vimentin、Snail）mRNA和蛋白表达水平的影响;使用RT-PCR检测miR30a、miR143、miR185、miR196、miR205的表达水平变化。结果 二甲双胍抑制前列腺癌Vcap细胞的增殖,且呈浓度和时间依赖性。5mmol/L 二甲双胍明显影响Vcap细胞的周期分布并显著抑制Vcap细胞的迁移和侵袭能力。二甲双胍在mRNA和蛋白水平上,显著上调Vcap细胞中E-cadherin 和β-catenin的表达(P均<0.05) ,下调Vimentin和N-cadherin的表达(P均<0.05)。进一步的实验发现,二甲双胍显著上调miR30a的表达水平 (P<0.05),而后者可显著抑制Vcap细胞的增殖和EMT的发生。结论 二甲双胍明显抑制前列腺癌Vcap细胞的增殖、侵袭能力和上皮间质转化的过程。该过程可能涉及二甲双胍对miR30a的表达的上调。     

二甲双胍对人肝细胞癌SMMC7721增殖的抑制作用

[摘要]目的检测二甲双胍作用下肝细胞癌SMMC-7721细胞的增殖和凋亡情况,并初步探讨了其中的机制。方法以不同浓度(0.2、1、2、5 mmol/L)二甲双胍处理SMMC-7721,用CCK-8法检测其对细胞增殖的影响,Hochest33342 DNA染色检测细胞凋亡,实时定量PCR法检测Bcl-2和Bid mRNA的表达情况。结果二甲双胍处理48 h 和96 h后,人肝细胞癌SMMC7721细胞的增殖明显受到抑制(P<0.05),以2 mmol/L和5 mmol/L组最为明显(P<0.01),并呈时间和剂量依赖性。Hochest33342染色发现,1 mmol/L和5 mmol/L浓度的二甲双胍可促进细胞凋亡,细胞凋亡率与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。二甲双胍处理后,SMMC7721细胞内抗凋亡分子Bcl-2表达下降(P<0.01),促凋亡分子Bid表达升高(P<0.05)。结论二甲双胍能抑制人肝细胞癌SMMC7721细胞增殖,促进细胞凋亡,其机制可能与细胞内抗细胞凋亡分子Bcl-2表达下降及促凋亡分子Bid表达升高有关。     

二甲双胍对人结肠癌HT29细胞的抑制作用及可能机制

目的 探讨二甲双胍对人结肠癌HT29细胞增殖、凋亡的影响及可能机制。 方法 体外培养人结肠癌细胞株HT29,随机分为2组,二甲双胍干预组采用5,10,20及40 mmol/L的二甲双胍进行干预,对照组加入等量PBS液,干预24,48及72 h后用MTT法检测细胞的增殖情况。二甲双胍干预组HT29细胞在上述各浓度的二甲双胍干预24 h后,于光镜下观察形态学改变; 40 mmol/L的二甲双胍干预48 h后,行AnnexinV-FITC和PI染色,并采用流式细胞术检测分析凋亡情况。二甲双胍干预组二甲双胍干预浓度为5及40 mmol/L,对照组加入等量PBS液,干预48 h,Western-blot法检测PI3K,AKT,P-AKT,GSK-3β及P-GSK-3β蛋白的表达。 结果 二甲双胍可抑制结肠癌HT29细胞的增殖,并呈时间-剂量依赖性,各组间抑制率差别有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。光镜下可见细胞数目减少,由多边形变为圆形,体积缩小,核固缩,细胞核溶解,且随着二甲双胍浓度的增高,细胞凋亡比例升高。流式实验结果显示,干预48 h的二甲双胍干预组凋亡率大于对照组(P<0.05)。Western-blot检测结果显示,二甲双胍可抑制HT29细胞的PI3K,P-AKT及P-GSK-3β蛋白表达量,且呈浓度依赖性,而对AKT及GSK-3β蛋白表达量无明显影响。 结论 二甲双胍可抑制人结肠癌HT29细胞的增殖能力并促进细胞凋亡,其机制可能与抑制PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β通路相关蛋白的表达有关。     

高浓度二甲双胍通过JNK通路抑制MIN6细胞增殖和迁移

目的本研究从细胞生物学角度检测二甲双胍对小鼠胰岛瘤MIN6的影响,并探讨此过程中包含的分子生物学机制。方法 MTT法检测不同浓度二甲双胍(1、2、5、10、20 mmol/L)对MIN6细胞活力的影响,细胞划痕实验检测二甲双胍对MIN6细胞迁移的影响,免疫印记实验检测此过程中细胞凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-2、Bax、caspase3表达的变化,及AMPK和JNK信号通路蛋白磷酸化水平的变化。结果二甲双胍浓度大于10 mmol/L时可以抑制MIN6细胞的活力(P<0.01),降低其迁移能力(P<0.01),高浓度二甲双胍可以上调细胞内凋亡蛋白Bax(P<0.05)和p-AMPK的表达(P<0.05),降低抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2的表达,增加caspase3剪切体(P<0.05)。同时,二甲双胍可以降低MIN6细胞内JNK信号通路的磷酸化水平(P<0.05)。结论高浓度二甲双胍可以抑制MIN6细胞的增殖和迁移,其作用可能与降低了JNK信号的通路活化有关。     

二甲双胍减轻氧糖剥夺/复糖复氧所诱导的小胶质细胞炎性反应

目的:研究二甲双胍在氧糖剥夺/复糖复氧所致小胶质细胞炎性反应中的作用?方法:建立氧糖剥夺/复糖复氧模型诱导小胶质细胞(BV-2细胞株)的活化,给予不同浓度(0.02?0.20?2.00 mmol/L)的二甲双胍预处理BV-2细胞,通过MTT活性和乳酸脱氢酶活性检测确定二甲双胍的有效浓度;通过酶联免疫吸附试验测定细胞上清炎性因子白介素(IL)-1?茁的含量,免疫荧光检测细胞表面分子CD11b的表达及蛋白免疫印迹法分析胞核蛋白κB的表达?结果:二甲双胍(2.00 mmol/L)能够减少氧糖剥夺/复糖复氧模型诱导的BV-2细胞乳酸脱氢酶的释放并增加MTT的活性,降低细胞表面分子CD11b的表达,抑制胞核蛋白κB的核转位,减少IL-1?茁的生成与释放?结论:二甲双胍能够减轻氧糖剥夺/复糖复氧所致小胶质细胞的炎性反应?     

二甲双胍对结肠癌细胞增殖、周期及凋亡的影响

  目的 研究二甲双胍对人结肠癌细胞株SW480增殖、周期及凋亡的影响,并初步探讨其可能的机制。方法 体外培养人结肠癌细胞株SW480,给予不同浓度二甲双胍干预,MTT法检测细胞增殖情况,流式细胞仪检测细胞周期及凋亡,Real time-PCR法检测相关基因mRNA的表达。结果 二甲双胍可以抑制SW480细胞的增殖,并呈时间-剂量依赖性。20mmol/L二甲双胍干预48h后与对照组相比,细胞G0/G1期比例升高,S及G2/M期比例均降低;细胞凋亡比率增高;Real time-PCR示周期相关基因CyclinD1 mRNA表达明显下调（P0.05),凋亡相关基因BCL-2 mRNA表达明显下调,CASP3及BAX mRNA 表达明显上调(P<0.01)。结论 二甲双胍能够抑制人结肠癌细胞株SW480的增殖,G0/G1期细胞周期阻滞,促进细胞凋亡;其机制可能与上调及下调某些周期、凋亡相关基因的mRNA表达有关。     

二氢杨梅素激活磷酸腺苷活化蛋白激酶抑制高糖诱导的血管内皮细胞凋亡

目的 探讨二氢杨梅素对高糖诱导血管内皮细胞凋亡的影响及其与磷酸腺苷活化蛋白激酶(AMP-activated protein kinase,AMPK)的关系.方法 体外培养原代人脐带静脉内皮细胞(human umbilical vein endothelial cells,HUVECs),分为正常对照组(5.56 mmoL/L葡萄糖)、高糖处理组(33.36 mmol/L葡萄糖)、甘露醇高渗对照组(5.56 mmol/L葡萄糖+27.8 mmol/L甘露醇)、AMPK激动剂5-氨基咪唑4-甲酰胺-1-β-D-呋喃核糖苷(5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-D-ribofuranoside,AICAR)(10 nmol/L)+高糖处理组、二氢杨梅素(1μmol/L)+高糖处理组、AMPK抑制剂compound C(5 mmol/L) +AICAR+高糖处理组和AMPK抑制剂compound C(5 mmol/L)+二氢杨梅素+高糖处理组.处理36 h后,CCK-8法检测细胞增殖活力,Annexin V-FITC/PI双标记流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡,Western blot法检测AMPK、p-AMPK、乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(Acetyl-CoA carboxylase,ACC)和p-ACC蛋白水平.结果 与正常对照组比较,高糖处理组细胞活力明显降低(P＜0.05),细胞凋亡率显著增加(P＜0.05),p-AMPK、p-ACC水平显著降低(P＜0.05);二氢杨梅素或AICAR预处理均明显抑制高糖诱导的HUVECs细胞活力下降、细胞凋亡增加和p-AMPK、p-ACC水平降低(P＜0.05);Compound C预处理明显抑制AICAR和二氢杨梅素对高糖诱导HUVECs细胞凋亡的保护作用(P＜0.05).结论 二氢杨梅素通过促进AMPK活化抑制高糖诱导的血管内皮细胞凋亡.     

二甲双胍对人鼻咽癌C666-1细胞的增殖与凋亡作用

目的：探讨二甲双胍对人鼻咽癌C666-1细胞增殖和调亡的作用,并初步研究其作用机制.方法：体外培养人鼻咽癌C666-1细胞,以剂量5,10,20 mM的二甲双胍干预细胞24 h或48 h.采用MTT法检测细胞增殖,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡,Real-time PCR检测Bax、Bcl-2和Caspase-3表达.结果：二甲双胍抑制C666-1细胞增殖,随剂量增加和干预时间延长,细胞增殖的抑制作用增强（P＜0.05）.二甲双胍诱导C666-1细胞早期凋亡,有剂量效应关系,20 mM的二甲双胍干预细胞24 h,细胞早期凋亡率（12.40±1.01）％,高于对照组的（7.20±0.53）％,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.二甲双胍诱导C666-1细胞Caspase-3表达上调,降低Bcl-2/Bax比值.结论：二甲双胍抑制人鼻咽癌C666-1细胞增殖,诱导其凋亡,其机制可能与调节凋亡相关基因Bax、Bcl-2和Caspase-3的表达有关.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.