手术治疗纵隔肿瘤48例

目的:探讨电视胸腔镜手术(VATS)在纵隔肿瘤治疗上的疗效.方法:回顾性分析我院胸外科2005年1月～2011年6月手术治疗的48例纵隔肿瘤患者的临床资料,其中16例经胸腔镜完成肿物切除,32例常规开胸手术.结果:经电视胸腔镜手术者,住院时间、术中出血量、术后并发症都显著低于传统手术组,两组病人术后恢复良好,无围手术期...     

不同手术方法治疗原发性纵隔肿瘤的效果比较

目的探讨应用不同方法治疗原发性纵隔肿瘤的临床意义。方法 48例原发性纵隔肿瘤患者行电视胸腔镜辅助切除手术(VATS组)26例和传统经胸骨正中切口开胸手术(开胸组)22例,比较两组患者围手术期相关临床观察指标。结果两组均无围手术期死亡病例,VATS组术中出血量比开胸组减少,术后住院时间比开胸组缩短(P均<0.01)。结论 VATS同样可取得与传统开胸切除术的清除效果,且创伤小、恢复快、住院时间短,可作为原发性纵隔肿瘤的重要治疗手段。     

单操作孔全胸腔镜手术在纵隔肿物切除中的应用

目的探讨单操作孔全胸腔镜纵隔肿物切除手术的优势及临床价值。方法回顾性分析2006年6月~2014年6月收治的125例行电视胸腔镜手术(video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery,VATS)切除纵隔肿物的患者,其中单操作孔VATS组56例,常规三孔VATS组69例,比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术后ICU监护治疗时间、术后胸腔引流管放置时间、术后疼痛感、术后住院时间、术后并发症等临床资料。结果 125例患者均手术顺利,无中转开胸。两组患者手术时间、术后ICU监护治疗时间、术后胸腔引流管放置时间、术后住院时间差异均无统计学意义;单操作孔VATS组术中出血量、术后疼痛评分均低于三孔VATS组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。患者无围手术期死亡,三孔VATS组出现1例肺部感染、1例心率失常,单操作孔VATS组出现1例肺部感染,余患者术后恢复顺利。随访3个月~8年,15例胸腺瘤合并重症肌无力患者(单操作孔VATS组7例,常规三孔VATS组8例)中11例患者肌无力症状术后不同程度好转(单操作孔VATS组6例,常规三孔VATS组5例),4例患者术后肌无力症状无明显改善(单操作孔VATS组1例,常规三孔VATS组3例),15例患者术后均门诊口服溴吡啶斯的明治疗。125例患者,除常规三孔VATS组1例伤口持续性疼痛半年,给予理疗止痛等治疗好转外,其他患者均恢复良好,未见复发及其他并发症。结论单操作孔VATS切除纵隔肿物在技术上是安全、可行的,与常规三孔VATS相比,具有创伤小、恢复快等优点。     

电视胸腔镜手术诊断和治疗纵隔肿瘤的探讨

为探讨电视胸腔镜子术(VATS)在纵隔肿瘤诊断和治疗中的价值,从1 998年4月至2000年6月为16例纵隔肿瘤患者进行了VATS均获成功,6例辅助小切口,无手术死亡和围术期并发症.肿瘤切除病例随访4～22个月无复发.结果提示VATS是诊断和治疗纵隔肿瘤的一种新的微创外科方法,尤其适用于中、后纵隔囊状或良性病变的切除和不明病因的肿瘤活检.     

非气管内插管自主呼吸麻醉下电视胸腔镜手术治疗纵隔肿瘤62例临床分析

目的:探讨非气管内插管自主呼吸麻醉下电视胸腔镜手术(VATS)治疗纵隔肿瘤可行性与安全性。方法:回顾性分析2011年12月-2017年3月在本院进行VATS手术治疗的纵隔肿瘤患者124例,根据不同的手术方法分为试验组与对照组,每组各62例。试验组采用非气管内插管自主呼吸胸腔镜下纵隔肿瘤切除术,对照组同期采用双腔管气管内插管全麻下行VATS手术治疗,比较两组患者的围术期相关指标以及术后并发症发生率。结果:两组患者手术均顺利,无术中或术后死亡。两组手术患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。术后早期下床活动时间、进食时间,术后咽喉疼痛、刺激性干咳等并发症发生率显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:非气管内插管自主呼吸麻醉下VATS治疗纵隔肿瘤是可行性与安全的,有利患者术后的快速康复,减少术后并发症,值得临床推广应用。     

单击针状电极在子宫纵隔切开手术中的应用

目的:评价单击针状电极在子宫纵隔切开术中的应用价值.方法:将44例行子宫纵隔切除患者分为两组,其中单击针状电极切开子宫纵隔组(研究组)19例,单击环状电极切除子宫纵隔组(对照组)25例,观察两组术中手术时间、出血量及术后3个月宫腔镜二探宫腔形态.结果:纵隔基底＜ 1cm者,两者手术时间、出血量无显著性差异(P＞0.05),宫腔形态均基本正常.纵隔基底＞1 cm者,两者手术时间有显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论:针状电极切开子宫纵隔术是一种操作简单、安全、有效的手术方法.     

解剖性分离方法在肝切除术中的临床应用

目的探讨降低肝癌肝切除术后并发症和死亡率的有效途径。方法回顾性分析398例肝脏恶性肿瘤患者的临床资料,其中243例采用解剖性分离方法(A组)进行肝切除;155例采用传统钳夹法(B组)进行肝切除。围手术期常规保肝治疗。比较2组术中出血及输血情况、术后肝功能、并发症发生率、手术死亡率以及住院时间。结果A组肿瘤直径(6.02±3.24)cm,术中出血量(445±240)ml,输血52例(24.3%),输血量(520±280)ml。无手术死亡及腹腔出血、肝功能衰竭等严重并发症,轻度并发症12例(4.9%),术后住院时间为(13.4±4.9)d。B组肿瘤直径(5.84±2.93)cm,术中出血量(1 200±320)ml,输血53(34.2%)例,输血量(1 400±623)ml。手术后30d内死亡5例(3.23%),发生并发症25例(16.1%),其中术后腹腔或肝创面出血5例、肝功能衰竭5例。术后住院时间(18.9±10.3)d。A组术中出血量、输血量、手术死亡率、术后严重并发症发生率、总并发症发生率、术后住院时间均显著低于B组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论在积极的围手术期处理同时,采用解剖性分离方法进行肝切除,可以显著降低肝癌肝切除手术并发症和死亡率。     

电视胸腔镜手术在原发性纵膈肿瘤中的临床应用

目的评价电视胸腔镜手术（VATS）在原发性纵隔肿瘤患者中的临床疗效及安全性。方法回顾性分析我院2008—2012年60例手术治疗的原发性纵膈肿瘤,按手术方法分为传统开胸组（30例）和VATS组（30例）,开胸组采用传统经胸骨正中切口或侧切口进行肿瘤切除,VATS组采用胸腔镜行肿瘤切除,对比两组的手术时间、术中失血量、术后胸腔闭式引流时间、术后并发症、术后住院天数、住院费用。结果VATS组手术时间、术中出血量、术后胸腔闭式引流时间、术后住院天数及住院时间均小于开胸组（P〈0．01）,两组住院费用比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论电视胸腔镜手术在原发性纵膈肿瘤治疗中疗效确切,安全可行,较常规开胸术具有创伤小、恢复快,有明确的微创优势。     

经胸骨L形切口切除前纵隔肿瘤囊肿

目的 探讨经胸骨L形切口切除前纵隔肿瘤囊肿的可行性.方法 18例前纵隔肿瘤囊肿患者,采用全麻单腔气管插管,胸部正中8～10 cm切口,根据肿瘤囊肿的大小及部位,选取第3或第4肋间横断胸骨(向左或向右),直视下切除肿瘤囊肿.结果 17例患者经此切口完整切除肿瘤或囊肿,其中3例侵犯邻近肺组织,予以肺部分切除,2例侵犯心包,予以心包部分切除.1例侵犯重要血管,姑息性切除.平均手术时间120min(80～140 min),术后均恢复顺利,术后平均住院时间10天,2例肺部感染.术后平均随访时间为24个月(8～36个月).结论 经胸骨L形切口手术创伤较小,术后恢复较快,能在直视下完整切除前纵隔肿瘤或囊肿,是一种可供选择的手术方法.     

单操作孔电视胸腔镜手术切除纵隔肿瘤32例临床分析

目的探讨单操作孔电视胸腔镜手术（Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery, VATS）切除纵隔肿瘤的可行性及临床意义。方法2006年8月-2009年11月,我院采用单操作孔VATS手术切除纵隔肿瘤32例,其中胸腺瘤15例,胸腺囊肿6例,神经源性肿瘤4例,畸胎瘤3例,支气管囊肿3例,心包囊肿1例。所有手术均在胸腔镜下完成。结果全部患者手术顺利,无中转开胸,手术时间（92．7±16．2）min;术中出血（110．5±24．6）ml;胸腔引流管拔出时间（2．1±1．3）d;术后住院时间（5．2±1．2）d。全部患者术后恢复顺利,无肺不张、肺部感染、出血等并发症,无围手术期死亡。结论单操作孔VATS切除纵隔肿瘤技术上可行,具有创伤小、恢复快等优点。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.