全程强化健康教育干预对2型糖尿病患者的疗效分析

目的研究糖尿病健康教育的有效干预模式,探讨糖尿病健康教育对2型糖尿病患者的血糖变化指标、糖尿病知识知晓率和患者依从性的影响。方法选取106例2型糖尿病病人,随机分为两组,对照组53例,进行规范治疗和一般健康教育,观察组53例,除规范治疗外辅以全程强化糖尿病教育,观察两组8个月后空腹血糖、餐后血糖、糖化血红蛋白、糖尿病知识知晓率和依从性情况。结果两组治疗后空腹血糖、餐后2小时血糖及糖化血红蛋白均有下降,观察组下降幅度大于对照组（P〈0.01）,并且糖尿病知识知晓率和依从性提升幅度高于对照组（P〈0.01）。结论全程强化健康教育有助于2型糖尿病患者糖代谢的改善,能提高患者对糖尿病的认识和依从性,有利于病情的控制。     

门冬胰岛素对妊娠期糖尿病患者血糖和妊娠结局的影响

目的：探讨胰岛素类似物门冬胰岛素注射液对妊娠期糖尿病患者血糖和妊娠结局的影响。方法将84例妊娠期糖尿病患者随机分为观察组和对照组(n=42),观察组给予门冬胰岛素注射液治疗,对照组给予运动控制饮食的普通治疗,每天检测患者餐前、餐后血糖和糖化血红蛋白含量,并统计妊娠结果,即围产儿健康情况。结果观察组患者的餐前[(5.48±1.23)mmol/L vs (6.10±1.36)mmol/L]、餐后血糖[(6.24±1.19)mmol/L vs (6.93±1.47) mmol/L]含量明显低于对照组(P<0.05),且围产儿健康率(64.3%)明显高于对照组(35.7%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论门冬胰岛素注射液治疗妊娠期糖尿病患者具有较好疗效。     

2型糖尿病患者经CSII强化治疗后诺和锐30皮下注射的疗效观察

目的观察2型糖尿病患者经持续皮下注射胰岛素(CSII)强化治疗后改用诺和锐30治疗的有效性和安全性。方法选择62例经CSII强化治疗达标的2型糖尿病患者,随机分为诺和锐30组和人胰岛素多次皮下注射组,治疗12周,观察患者糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖、低血糖发生率。结果诺和锐30组早餐后2h血糖低于对照组[(9.19±0.51)vs.(10.16±0.84)mmol/L,P<0.05)];午餐后2h血糖高于对照组[(9.60±0.60)vs.(8.94±0.38)mmol/L,P<0.05)];其他各点血糖水平两组间无明显差异;两组糖化血红蛋白A1c指标无明显差异[(6.82±0.16)%vs.(6.83±0.28)%,P>0.05)]。结论诺和锐30治疗2型糖尿病有效、安全、依从性好。     

2型糖尿病患者经CSII强化治疗后诺和锐30皮下注射的疗效观察

目的观察2型糖尿病患者经持续皮下注射胰岛素(CSII)强化治疗后改用诺和锐30治疗的有效性和安全性。方法选择62例经CSII强化治疗达标的2型糖尿病患者,随机分为诺和锐30组和人胰岛素多次皮下注射组,治疗12周,观察患者糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖、低血糖发生率。结果诺和锐30组早餐后2h血糖低于对照组[(9.19±0.51)vs.(10.16±0.84)mmol/L,P<0.05)];午餐后2h血糖高于对照组[(9.60±0.60)vs.(8.94±0.38)mmol/L,P<0.05)];其他各点血糖水平两组间无明显差异;两组糖化血红蛋白A1c指标无明显差异[(6.82±0.16)%vs.(6.83±0.28)%,P>0.05)]。结论诺和锐30治疗2型糖尿病有效、安全、依从性好。     

急性脑卒中合并糖尿病患者健康教育的效果分析

目的探讨健康教育对急性脑卒中合并糖尿病患者的效果.方法将80例急性脑卒中合并糖尿病患者随机分入对照组与观察组,每组40例.对照组患者接受常规治疗与护理,观察组患者除接受常规治疗与护理外,还接受系统化的健康教育,包括住院期间健康教育及出院后6月内的延续.比较两组干预前后血糖、糖化血红蛋白的变化,应用改良Barthel指数评估患者日常生活能力(ADL)的差异,调查患者及家属对疾病相关知识的知晓率、对临床服务的满意度.结果出院后半年观察组空腹血糖、餐后血糖及糖化血红蛋白显著优于对照组,差别具有统计学意义(P<0.01);出院后6月Barthel指数评分显著高于对照组,差别具有统计学意义(P<0.01);出院时患者及家属对疾病相关知识的知晓率、对临床服务的满意度显著优于对照组,差别具有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论对急性脑卒中合并糖尿病患者进行系统化的健康教育可增加患者及家属疾病相关知识,提高患者治疗依从性,加强自我管理,有利于肢体功能的恢复,提高患者生活质量,并提高对临床服务的满意度.     

回馈教学法对老年2型糖尿病患者胰岛素注射依从性的应用效果评价

目的将回馈教学应用到老年2型糖尿病离退休老干部患者胰岛素注射教育中,探讨回馈教学法对其胰岛素注射依从性的影响。方法 2019年4月1日-2020年7月31日在北京市某医院干部门诊采用随机数字表法选取2型糖尿病的离退休老干部200例,分为观察组100例和对照组100例。对照组给予常规的胰岛素注射教育,观察组在对照组基础上增加回馈教学法,2组患者均于健康教育后第12周门诊复查时采用自行设计的胰岛素注射依从性问卷测评胰岛素注射依从性,同时收集其血糖控制达标率,采用2样本均数t检验对其胰岛素注射依从性及血糖水平进行对比。结果 2组胰岛素注射依从性比较,对照组依从性高者占73%,依从性中者占18%,依从性低者占9%,观察组依从性高者占87%,依从性中者占9%,依从性低者占4%,对照组胰岛素注射依从性低于于观察组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2组血糖控制比较,对照组空腹血糖8.24±2.13,餐后2h血糖12.15±2.83,糖化血红蛋白9.18±2.14,观察组空腹血糖6.81±1.21,餐后2h血糖9.55±2.25,糖化血红蛋白7.12±1.36,观察组血糖控制达标率高于对照组,...     

糖尿病的社区干预效果分析

目的:探讨糖尿病进行社区干预的效果,为糖尿病患者的社区干预提供依据。方法:将180例2型糖尿病患者随机分为观察组(社区干预组)和对照组(非社区干预组)各90例,随访观察12个月后比较两组患者的空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2h血糖(PBG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)、糖尿病知识知晓率、治疗依从性情况。结果:观察组FBG、PBG、HbAlc、糖尿病知识知晓率、治疗依从性情况与对照组比较均有显著性差异(P<0.01),具有统计学意义。结论:对糖尿病患者进行社区干预可以改善血糖水平、提高治疗依从性。     

影响2型糖尿病患者胰岛素注射依从性因素的调查与评价

目的调查2型糖尿病患者胰岛素治疗依从性影响因素,寻找提高2型糖尿病患者胰岛素治疗依从性的对策。方法采用自制调查表对80例2型糖尿病患者进行调查分析。结果2型糖尿病患者胰岛素注射依从性比较差。主要影响胰岛素治疗依从性因素为：经济情况、害怕成瘾、害怕疼痛麻烦、饮食习惯、糖尿病知识、胰岛素治疗知识、家庭支持系统及血糖控制情况等。结论在糖尿病健康教育中,应排除有关影响因素,选择恰当有效的健康教育模式,才能提高患者胰岛素治疗依从性。     

扩大饮食教育对象对糖尿病患者血糖控制效果的观察

目的：探讨不同的饮食教育对象对提高糖尿病（DM）患者的饮食治疗依从性和血糖控制的效果观察。方法：选取80例2型男性糖尿病患者随机分为两组,对照组和观察组各40例,对照组饮食指导的对象为患者,观察组指导对象由患者扩大至其家庭主要成员。观察两组患者饮食治疗的依从性与血糖控制的关系。结果：教育前,两组成员在饮食治疗知识、态度和行为方面回答正确率均较低,两组血糖和体重控制较差,组间比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。教育后,观察组利用家庭支持系统的监督和协管作用,与对照组比较在有效降低空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖和糖化血红蛋白方面,比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。对照组教育前与教育后空腹血糖比较无明显统计学意义（P>0.05）,餐后2 h血糖和糖化血红蛋白比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;实验组教育前与教育后空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖比较差异有统计学差异（P<0.01）,糖化血红蛋白比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：在家庭中不担任饮食管理主体的DM患者,医护人员在进行饮食指导时,应将健康教育的半径扩大到其家庭主要成员,使家属能较好的发挥督导和协助功能,提高患者饮食治疗的依从性,帮助患者有效控制血糖,满足营养需求,避免并发症的发生。     

甘精胰岛素联合口服降糖药治疗2型糖尿病的临床观察

目的 观察甘精胰岛素联合口服降糖药对单纯口服药物治疗血糖控制不佳的2型糖尿病患者的治疗效果.方法 选择我院2016年1～6月收治的血糖控制不佳的2型糖尿病患者80例,随机分为实验组和对照组,实验组采用甘精胰岛素联合二甲双胍和吡格列酮治疗,对照组采用预混胰岛素注射治疗,患者均每周进行随访,持续观察3个月.监测患者治疗前后空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖和糖化血红蛋白等指标的变化,并对比患者治疗前后的血脂指标和体重.观察并记录患者的不良反应.结果 治疗3个月后,实验组空腹血糖[(5.31±1.12)mmol/L vs.(6.48±1.09)mmol/L]、餐后2h血糖[(7.46±1.08) mmol/Lvs.(8.21± 1.46) mmol/L]、糖化血红蛋白[(5.39±0.98)％vs.(6.03±1.04)％]较对照组均明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);2组血脂指标、BMI的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).治疗过程中,实验组轻微低血糖事件3例,对照组轻微低血糖时间8件,夜间低血糖时间5例,2组均无低血糖昏迷发生,2组不良反应发生情况比较差异有统计学意义(x2=7.813,P=0.005).结论 对于单纯药物治疗血糖控制不佳的2型糖尿病患者,合理使用甘精胰岛素联合口服降糖药进行治疗,对控制血糖具有明显的效果,且低血糖发生率低.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.