载药聚乙烯醇/海藻酸钠静电纺丝纤维的改性及其药物体外释放研究

目的 将聚乙烯醇(PVA)/海藻酸钠(SA)静电纺丝纤维进行改性,制备具有良好性能且能缓慢释放药物的伤口敷料.方法 采用戊二醛蒸汽、3％氯化钙无水乙醇溶液和3％氯化钙饱和硼酸溶液对PVA/SA静电纺丝纤维进行交联后,以溶胀率为指标筛选出最佳的交联剂.以3％氯化钙无水乙醇溶液为交联剂,分别制备了交联时间为1、3和20h的...     

新型静电纺丝纳米支架敷料对大鼠皮肤创伤的作用

目的 观察新型静电纺丝纳米支架敷料对皮肤创面的修复作用.方法 应用静电纺丝技术制备壳聚糖(CS)/聚己内酯(PCL)纳米支架敷料.选取健康大鼠,制备皮肤损伤创面,分为实验组(应用新型静电纺丝纳米支架敷料)及对照组(应用凡士林油纱).观察两组创面在术后第3、5、7、10、14天的愈合形态并计算愈合率,于术后第7、14天分...     

电纺纳米银/碳纳米纤维敷料的制备及抗菌效果评价

目的：利用静电纺丝技术制备纳米纤维敷料,并研究其抗菌效果。方法：采用聚丙烯腈(PAN)为前驱体高分子,利用静电纺丝技术及高温碳化方法制备碳纳米纤维敷料,并通过银镜反应制备纳米银/碳纳米纤维复合敷料。将2种样本与庆大霉素纸片及优拓（urgotul）敷料采用Kirby-Baucer法进行体外抑菌实验。结果：成功制备出具有纳米级支架结构且负载纳米银的的创面敷料。体外抑菌实验结果显示,纳米银/碳纳米纤维复合敷料和优拓对金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌和大肠埃希菌标准菌株均有较好的抑菌效果;纳米银/碳纳米纤维复合敷料对于金黄色葡萄球菌及铜绿假单胞菌抑菌效果优于优拓,但对大肠杆菌的抑制效果低于优拓;碳纳米纤维未显示出具有抑菌能力。结论：纳米银/碳纳米纤维复合敷料具有纳米级支架结构,是具有较好抗菌能力的烧伤创面敷料。     

纳米静电纺丝纤维对糖尿病小鼠创面修复的影响

目的：探讨纳米静电纺丝纤维对糖尿病小鼠模型创面愈合的影响。方法：构建糖尿病小鼠创面模型,观察组使用电纺纳米纤维包扎创面,对照组使用涂药纱布包扎创面,自愈组不做处理。比较3组小鼠创面愈合情况并计算创面愈合率;qRT-PCR法检测小鼠血清白细胞介素(IL)-1β、IL-4、IL-6和肿瘤坏死因子α水平;Western blotting法检测小鼠创面组织表皮生长因子、表皮生长因子受体、缺氧诱导因子-1α、增殖细胞核抗原蛋白表达水平。CCK-8和划痕实验明确静电纺丝对人脐静脉内皮细胞增殖和迁移的影响。结果：与对照组和自愈组比较,观察组小鼠创面愈合率提高,炎症细胞因子表达降低,表皮生长因子及受体水平升高(P<0.05～P<0.01)。采用纳米静电纺丝纤维处理后,人脐静脉内皮细胞迁移和增殖能力增强(P<0.05和P<0.01),凋亡率降低(P<0.05)。结论：纳米静电纺丝纤维可改善糖尿病创面愈合情况,具有潜在的临床应用价值。     

β-桧木醇/纳米氧化锌/聚己内酯纳米纤维的体外抑菌效果及生物相容性评价

目的 制备β-桧木醇/纳米氧化锌/聚己内酯(beta-hinokitiol/zinc oxide nanoparticles/polycaprolactone,β-H/ZnONPs/PCL)纳米纤维,评价其对耐药金黄色葡萄球菌(methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus,MRSA)的体外抑菌效果及生物相容性.方法 利用静电纺丝技术制备β-H/ZnONPs/PCL纳米纤维并通过扫描电镜观察,傅里叶红外光谱仪检测其光谱特征,同时检测其透气性、降解性能等指标,考察不同载药比例的纳米纤维对MRSA的体外抑菌效果.参照医疗器械生物学评价标准实施指南,初步研究其体外生物相容性.结果 在PCL纺丝液浓度(质量浓度)为16％、电压为14 kV、喷射速度为0.3 mL/h、接收距离为9 cm时制备的纳米纤维直径分布较为均匀,直径大多分布在150 ～ 350 nm,红外光谱显示各组纳米纤维在1 732 cm-1(C=0)、2 950 cm-1(C-H)附近有吸收峰.纳米纤维的透气性明显优于普通无纺布组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).β-H/ZnONPs/PCL纳米纤维在PBS缓冲液(pH=7.5)中缓慢降解.ZnONPs制成纳米纤维后仍能增加β-H对MRSA的抑菌作用,且纳米纤维中ZnONPs(质量浓度)的含量为1％时,纳米纤维对MRSA的抑菌效果随β-n含量的增大而增强(P＜0.05),当β-H(质量浓度)含量为0.05％时,纳米纤维的抑菌效果并未随ZnONPs含量的变化而明显改变(P＞0.05).通过MTT法细胞毒性实验、细胞粘附性实验和溶血性实验表明0.05％ β-H/0.1％ ZnONPs/16％ PCL组成的纳米纤维具有较好的体外生物安全性.结论 0.05％ β-H/0.1％ZnONPs/16％ PCL组成的纳米纤维对MRSA有较好的体外抑菌效果,其体外生物相容性评价结果符合医疗器械生物学标准.     

载积雪草总苷同轴和混纺纳米纤维膜的制备和缓释性能评价

目的 采用静电纺丝法制备同轴及混纺载积雪草总苷的纳米纤维膜,研究其形貌及体外释药行为,为深Ⅱ度烧伤提供新型功能性敷料.方法 采用静电纺丝工艺,制备芯层载积雪草总苷的同轴海藻酸钠／聚乙烯醇-壳聚糖纳米纤维膜.进行处方工艺优化,包括壳层、芯层中聚合物浓度、制备工艺等,同时制备海藻酸钠／聚乙烯醇混纺载积雪草总苷纳米纤维膜.用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜和X射线衍射表征纳米纤维.考察载积雪草总苷混纺和同轴纳米纤维膜的体外释药行为.结果 载积雪草总苷同轴纳米纤维膜的最优处方是壳层由0.8％海藻酸钠、7％聚乙烯醇混合溶液制备,芯层由含2.5％积雪草苷的3％壳聚糖溶液制备.最优工艺是静电电压23 kV,针头和接收屏距离15 cm,壳层溶液推注速度0.8 ml/h,芯层溶液推注速度0.2 ml/h.混纺纳米纤维膜与同轴纳米纤维膜的处方和工艺类似.同轴纳米纤维膜有明显壳核结构,其芯层直径为99.2nm,整个纤维直径为166.8 nm.与混纺纳米纤维比较,同轴纳米纤维膜有药物缓释效果,机制以Fick's扩散为主.结论 同轴纳米纤维膜有明显药物缓释效果,有利于积雪草苷发挥促愈合效果,可用于深Ⅱ度烧伤的治疗.     

气流辅助高压静电纺丝法制备蚕丝蛋白纳米纤维的研究

目的研究蚕丝丝素蛋白亚微米和纳米纤维二者在超细纤维加工方面的特点.方法通过高压静电纺丝和气流辅助高压静电纺丝工艺制备蚕丝蛋白亚微米、纳米纤维.结果当气体流量达到4 L/min时,气流辅助高压静电纺丝可以制的更细的纳米纤维.结论气流辅助高压静电纺丝工艺有助于获得更细的纳米纤维.     

PLGA/鱼皮胶原共轭静电纺丝膜在大鼠体内降解的实验研究*

目的：对一种新型聚乳酸-羟基乙酸(polylactic acid-glycolic acid, PLGA)/鱼皮胶原共轭静电纺丝膜的细胞毒性和体内降解进行初步探讨,为应用于引导骨组织再生(guide bone regeneration, GBR)提供实验依据。方法：以PLGA和医用级鱼皮Ⅰ型胶原为原材料,通过共轭静电纺丝技术制备出高取向性的纳米纤维膜,然后分别检测细胞毒性和大鼠体内的降解过程,初步评价组织学形态与体内降解率。结果：PLGA/鱼皮胶原共轭静电纺丝膜的细胞毒性为1级,符合植入性医用材料的标准。成纤维细胞黏附生长良好,且不能穿过纤维膜生长到膜的对侧。结论：PLGA/鱼皮胶原共轭静电纺丝膜可用作GBR的屏障膜。     

探讨活化素B在皮肤创伤愈合中的作用

目的 探讨活化素B(activinB)在离体(In vitro)和载体(In vivo)上对小鼠皮肤创伤愈合的影响.方法 利用原代角朊细胞创伤划痕实验在细胞水平上探索不同浓度activinB对细胞划痕愈合的作用,进一步观察activinB对小鼠皮肤创伤模型愈合的影响.每日观察小鼠伤口并记录小鼠创伤愈合面积,断髓处死小鼠取材制作石蜡切片, HE染色,光镜下观察小鼠皮肤动态愈合过程.结果 用浓度为10ng/mL的activinB刺激细胞,发现细胞创伤愈合的速度最快,而100ng/mL孵育细胞,反而对细胞创伤划痕有抑制作用.进一步利用细胞上的最佳浓度10ng/mL的activinB刺激小鼠创伤切口,发现其能加速小鼠皮肤创伤愈合.创面闭合率数据:实验组创面愈合速度明显快于对照组(F=70.462, P=0.000).相同时间点比较实验组创面闭合率优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).肉眼大体观察实验组创面较对照组愈合速度快, HE染色光镜观察显示实验组上皮化速度要快于对照组,至创伤后第5天时,实验组上皮化已经完成,而对照组尚未完成,并且activinB能促进毛囊生长.结论 activinB对皮肤角朊细胞创伤愈合有浓度依赖性;适中浓度的细胞因子activinB(10ng/mL)有加速皮肤创伤愈合,促进毛囊生长的作用.     

P(VDF-TrFE) 纳米纤维薄膜的柔性压力传感器

采用静电纺丝方法制备了不同含量的偏氟乙烯和三氟乙烯的共聚物(P(VDF-TrFE))纳米纤维薄膜。通过P(VDF-TrFE)纳米纤维薄膜和柔性电极的结合,设计制作了一种针对医疗和服饰等领域应用的新型柔性压力传感器。利用扫描电镜和X射线衍射分析的方法分别对 P(VDF-TrFE) 纳米纤维的形貌和晶体结构进行了表征,并通过自制的测试系统获得了柔性压力传感器的灵敏度。结果表明：静电纺丝得到的纳米纤维具有较高的结晶度和β相结晶含量,其中P(VDF-TrFE)(n(VDF)/n(TrFE)=77/23)纳米纤维的β相结晶含量达到了51.3%,同时这种纳米纤维薄膜具有柔软、透气和生物相容性好等优点;基于电纺纳米纤维的柔性压力传感器具有良好的响应性能P(VDFTrFE)(n(VDF)/n(TrFE)=77/23)压力传感器具有最高为60.5 mV/N 的灵敏度,接近于其塑性薄膜传感器,但塑性薄膜传感器的柔软性和透气性较差。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Shi Da-zhuo (史大卓) —An outstanding cardiologist of integrative medicine

Prof. SHI Da-zhuo, Ph.D., male, was born on March 20, 1960. Prof. SHI entered the Ph.D. program in 1990 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences under the supervision of Prof. CHEN Ke-ji, majoring in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 1993, Prof. SHI started working at the Cardiovascular Center in Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.