白藜芦醇抑制胶质瘤细胞增殖的体内外实验研究

目的 探讨白藜芦醇(Res)对C6胶质瘤细胞增殖的抑制作用及其机制.方法 将不同浓度Res作用于C6大鼠胶质瘤细胞系,MTT法检测细胞增殖率,流式细胞术检测细胞周期及凋亡,蛋白印迹(Western blot)检测Res处理前后C6细胞表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)、胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)的表达;免疫组化分析基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)-9、转录核因子-κB(NF-κB)的表达.应用立体定向术建立大鼠动物模型,将20只大鼠分为对照组和治疗组,治疗组8只以8 mg·kg-1·d-1的剂量饲喂,2只以16 mg·kg-1·d-1的剂量饲喂,观察动物一般表现及生存期.MRI动态监测肿瘤大小,脑标本进行病理组织学及相关指标检测.结果 在体外Res可明显抑制C6胶质瘤细胞生长,细胞周期被阻滞在S期,诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡,Res可延长荷瘤SD大鼠生存期,免疫组化检测EGFR、MMP-9、NF-κB表达降低,而GFAP表达升高.结论 Res可抑制胶质瘤细胞增殖,延长荷瘤动物生存期,具有潜在临床应用价值.     

三苯氧胺对胶质瘤C6细胞垂体瘤转化基因表达及肿瘤生长影响的体内研究

目的 探讨体内三苯氧胺对胶质瘤C6细胞垂体瘤转化基因(PTTG)表达及细胞生长的影响.方法 建立SD大鼠C6胶质瘤移植动物模型,将32只荷瘤裸鼠随机分为4组:空白对照组、高(2 mg·kg-1·d-1)、中(0.2 mg·kg-1·d-1)、低(0.02 mg·kg-1·d-1)剂量三苯氧胺作用组,共给药20 d.空白对照组给等量的生理盐水.定期观察肿瘤生长情况,测量肿瘤体积,计算抑瘤率.处死全部动物模型,剔出肿瘤,逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测FITG mRNA表达.结果 与空白对照组相比,各组三苯氧胺均能抑制肿瘤生长,其体积抑瘤率分别为47.6%、35.5%、21.2%,各组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);FITG mRNA的表达在低、中、高剂量组均降低,各组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 三苯氧胺能以量效的方式抑制胶质瘤PTTG的表达和肿瘤生长,本研究为临床应用三苯氧胺治疗胶质瘤提供了理论基础.     

NF-κB和EGFR在不同放射敏感性胶质瘤中的表达

 目的 探讨NF-κB和EGFR的表达水平与胶质瘤放射敏感性的关系。方法 应用免疫组织化学SABC法检测NF-κB p50、p65及EGFR在5例正常脑组织和82例不同放射敏感性胶质瘤中的表达。结果 NF-κBB p50、p65和EGFR在正常脑组织中均未见表达。髓母细胞瘤、室管膜瘤、少枝胶质细胞瘤、低(Ⅰ～Ⅱ级)及高级别(Ⅲ～Ⅳ级)星形细胞瘤、多形性胶质母细胞瘤的NF-κB和EGFR表达率呈依次上升趋势。对放疗最敏感的髓母细胞瘤表达率与其他各组均有显著性差异(P<0．05)。结论 NF-κB和EGFR表达水平与胶质瘤的不同放射敏感性可能相关。     

全反式维甲酸治疗大鼠C6脑胶质瘤的实验研究

[目的]探讨全反式维甲酸治疗大鼠C6脑胶质瘤的疗效及其机制。[方法]建立大鼠C6脑胶质瘤模型,腹腔注射全反式维甲酸后,MRI检测胶质瘤的体积变化,免疫组化检测胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）的表达并观察生存期。[结果]治疗组较对照组肿瘤体积明显减小（P〈0.05）;生存期延长（P〈0.05）;GFAP表达增加（P〈0.05）。GFAP的表达同肿瘤体积呈负相关（P〈0.05）。[结论]全反式维甲酸治疗可延长荷瘤鼠生存期,其机制与上调GFAP的表达有关。     

银杏叶提取物对胶质瘤细胞NF-κB表达和NO生成的调控

目的研究银杏叶提取物(EGb761)对C6胶质瘤细胞核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)表达和可诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)、一氧化氮(NO)生成的影响。方法以脂多糖(LPS)和佛波酯(PMA)诱导体外培养的C6胶质瘤细胞表达可诱导型一氧化氮合酶、产生大量NO,应用激光共聚焦成像系统和NO荧光探针监测细胞内NO浓度变化,逆转录基因扩增技术和蛋白质印迹技术检测EGb761对C6胶质瘤细胞中iNOS基因表达的影响,并探讨这一调控作用的分子机制。结果EGb761能明显降低C6胶质瘤细胞中iNOSmRNA和蛋白的表达、减少NO的生成,抑制IκB-α的降解和阻止p65/RelA进入细胞核。结论EGb761可通过NF-κB信号通路对C6胶质瘤细胞iNOS基因表达和NO的生成进行调控。     

全反式维甲酸对大鼠C6脑胶质瘤细胞分化的影响

目的:探讨全反式维甲酸对大鼠C6脑胶质瘤细胞分化的影响.方法:建立大鼠C6脑胶质瘤模型,腹腔注射全反式维甲酸后,流式细胞仪检测细胞增殖时相变化及免疫组化检测p27Kip1蛋白和GFAP蛋白的变化.结果:流式细胞仪检测显示治疗组较对照组G1期细胞比例增加(P<0.05),S期细胞比例减少(P<0.05),免疫组化检测显示p27Kip1蛋白和GFAP蛋白的表达增加(P<0.05).结论:反式维甲酸可诱导大鼠C6脑胶质瘤分化,降低肿瘤恶性程度.     

黄芩甙对大鼠脑胶质瘤的抑制作用

目的 研究黄芩甙对大鼠脑胶质瘤的作用机制.方法 建立Wistar大鼠脑深部胶质瘤模型.接种C6胶质瘤细胞后7d,将大鼠随机分为对照组(0.9％氯化钠注射液30 mg·kg-1·d-1,灌胃)、小剂量组(黄芩甙50mg·kg-1 ·d-1,灌胃)、中剂量组(黄芩甙100 mg·kg-1·d-1,灌胃)和大剂量组(黄芩甙200 mg·kg-1·d-1,灌胃).分析各组大鼠治疗后脑胶质瘤的病理学、MRI影像学和电镜检查结果,采用免疫组化染色检测p53和Bcl-2的表达,分析大鼠的平均生存时间和体重变化情况.结果 与对照组比较,大剂量组大鼠处死(濒死)前的肿瘤体积为(343.62±28.98)mm3,显著缩小(P＜0.01),生存时间为(42.83±4.77)d,显著延长(P＜0.01).对照组胶质瘤细胞p53蛋白强阳性细胞百分比为(84.47±3.74)％,中度阳性细胞百分比为(47.28±2.38)％,与阴性组[(12.91±1.07)％]比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.01);大剂量组p53蛋白强阳性细胞百分比与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).对照组Bcl-2蛋白强阳性细胞百分比为(86.51±4.17)％,中度阳性细胞百分比为(48.19±2.11)％,与阴性组[(10.36±1.43)％]比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.01).电镜检查结果显示,黄芩甙可使胶质瘤细胞核和细胞器发生破坏.结论 黄芩甙对在体脑胶质瘤有明显抑制作用,其作用机制可能与下调突变型p53引发细胞凋亡有关,但与Bcl-2无关.     

金丝桃苷诱导人胃癌细胞MKN-45凋亡及其机制北大核心CSCD

目的探讨金丝桃苷(hyperoside,Hyp)对人胃癌MKN-45细胞增殖及凋亡的影响及其机制。方法体外培养MKN-45细胞,对照组不加药物,实验组分别加入不同浓度Hyp(12.5、25、50、100、200μg/ml)作用24、48 h,MTT法检测Hyp对细胞增殖的影响并筛选适宜药物浓度;流式细胞术检测细胞周期变化及凋亡率;Western blot法分析NF-κB P65、caspase-3、Bax、Bcl-2蛋白的表达情况。结果 Hyp可明显抑制MKN-45细胞的增殖,阻滞细胞于G0/G1期并促进其凋亡,Western blot结果显示,随着药物浓度的增高,Hyp可使NF-κB P65、Bcl-2蛋白表达降低,casepase-3、Bax蛋白表达增高。结论金丝桃苷可抑制MKN-45细胞增殖并诱导凋亡,其机制可能与该药物阻断细胞周期,抑制NF-κB通路,下调NF-κB P65、Bcl-2蛋白,上调casepase-3、Bax蛋白有关。     

HCV C 蛋白调控肝门部胆管癌细胞中NF-κB活性的研究

目的探讨HCV C蛋白在肝门部胆管癌细胞中对核转录因子κB(NF-κB)调控作用.方法利用稳定表达HCV C蛋白的QBC939细胞株(QBC939 HCV C ),通过NF-κB报道基因分析法、凝胶迁移率分析(EMSA)检测HCV C蛋白增强肝门部胆管癌细胞NF-κB的DNA结合活性和反式激活活性.RT-PCR、Western blot检测HCV C蛋白对核转录因子κB抑制蛋白α(IκBα)mRNA及p50、p65、IκBα蛋白表达及IκBα蛋白磷酸化的影响.结果①EMSA结果显示QBC939HCV C 细胞系中NF-κB相对信号密度明显比QBC939细胞高.②将pNF-κB-lun表达质粒转染稳定表达HCV C蛋白胆管癌细胞系中,通过单光子检测仪检测荧光素酶活性,结果显示QBC939HCV C 细胞中活化NF-κB为12.8倍,而QBC939细胞中NF-κB为2.6倍.③RT-PCR显示IκBα mRNA在QBC939 HCV C 细胞和QBC939细胞中的表达无明显差异;Western blot结果显示稳定表达HCV C蛋白的QBC939 HCV C 细胞株的胞核中的p50、p65蛋白高水平表达,而未转染HCV C蛋白的QBC939细胞仅检测出极低水平的p50、p65蛋白.在QBC939HCV C 细胞胞浆中IκBα蛋白低水平表达,QBC939细胞高水平表达,但IκBα蛋白磷酸化水平则相反.结论HCV C蛋白通过增加IκBα降解激活的NF-κB在肝门部胆管癌的发生中起重要作用.     

全反式维甲酸对大鼠C6脑胶质瘤细胞分化的影响

目的：探讨全反式维甲酸对大鼠C6脑胶质瘤细胞分化的影响。方法：建立大鼠C6脑胶质瘤模型,腹腔注射全反式维甲酸后,流式细胞仪检测细胞增殖时相变化及免疫组化检测p27Kipl蛋白和GFAP蛋白的变化。结果：流式细胞仪检测显示治疗组较对照组G1期细胞比例增加（P〈0．05）,S期细胞比例减少（P〈0．05）,免疫组化检测显示p27Kipl蛋白和GFAP蛋白的表达增加（P〈0．05）。结论：反式维甲酸可诱导大鼠C6脑胶质瘤分化,降低肿瘤恶性程度。     

外泌体在肿瘤发展中的研究进展

外泌体是细胞经过"内吞-融合-外排"等一系列调控过程而形成的细胞外纳米级小囊泡。外泌体可以携带蛋白,运送RNA,在细胞间物质和信息转导中起重要作用。外泌体可能通过调控免疫功能,促进肿瘤血管新生和肿瘤转移,以及直接作用于肿瘤细胞等途径,影响肿瘤的进展。外泌体可应用于肿瘤的诊断。本文总结了近年来有关外泌体在肿瘤发展中作用的研究进展。     

Inhibitory effect of suramin in rat models of angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo

The aim of the present study was to test the ability of the chemotherapeutic agent suramin to inhibit angiogenesis in experimental models in vitro and in vivo. In the culture of rat aortic rings on fibronectin, suramin dose-dependently inhibited vascular cell growth, achieving the maximal effect (mean − 88% versus controls, P < 0.05) at 400 μg/ml. Image analysis showed that suramin could inhibit microvessel sprouting in fibrin from rat aortic rings as evaluated by the ratio between the cellular area and the mean gray value of the sample (sprouting index); suramin at 50 μg/ml significantly reduced the sprouting index from the control value of 0.35 ± 0.04 to 0.14 ± 0.02 mm²/gray level (P < 0.05). Likewise, the area occupied by cells was 19.2 ± 1.8 mm² as compared with 41.8 ± 4.2 mm² in controls (P < 0.05). In the rat model of neovascularization induced in the cornea by chemical injury, suramin at 1.6 mg/eye per day reduced the length of blood vessels (0.7 ± 0.1 mm as compared with 1.5 ± 0.1 mm in controls, P < 0.05). In the same model the ratio between the area of blood vessels and the total area of the cornea (area fraction score) was decreased by suramin from 0.19 ± 0.02 in controls to 0.03 ± 0.003 (P < 0.05). Suramin given i.p. at 30 mg/kg per day markedly inhibited the neovascularization induced in the rat mesentery by compound 48/80 or conditioned medium from cells secreting the angiogenic protein fibroblast growth factor-3 (FGF-3). The area fraction score in control rats treated with compound 48/80 was 0.31 ± 0.03, and this was reduced to 0.07 ± 0.01 by suramin (P < 0.05). After i.p. administration of FGF-3 the area fraction score was reduced by suramin from 0.29 ± 0.03 to 0.05 ± 0.01 (P < 0.05). These results provide evidence that suramin exerts inhibitory effects on angiogenesis in both in vitro and in vivo models. Received: 9 January 1998 / Accepted: 29 June 1998     

重组人血管内皮抑制素治疗恶性肿瘤的研究进展

重组人血管内皮抑制素(恩度)是一种广谱的抗血管生成分子靶向药物,主要循证证据为联合化疗治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC).近年来,重组人血管内皮抑制素用于治疗多种恶性肿瘤的研究逐渐增多,并取得了较好的疗效.此外,有关重组人血管内皮抑制素联合治疗手段、给药途径、给药方法的研究逐渐开展,有利于其合理应用.     

Effect of trauma of implantation of metastatic tumor in bone in mice

We studied the influence of surgical trauma to the iliac bone on the implantation of I. V. injected tumor cells, which formed tumor in the surgical wounds of 27/84 mice (32%). None of these mice or nonsurgical mice developed tumor in the opposite or uninjured pelvic bone (P < 0.0001). When different numbers (10⁵, 5 × 10⁵, and 10 × 10⁵) of TA3Ha cells were injected I. V. immediately after surgery, the frequency of tumor formation showed an increase (respectively, 32%, 63%, 71%). As the interval between induction of trauma and tumor cell injection was increased from 0 to 15 days, the frequency of tumor formation declined from 32% to 0%. These results suggest that the healing wound is a privileged site for experimental metastasis, particularly in the early stages. It is likely that the proteins in the blood clotting cascade are involved in local tumor implantation. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

胶质瘤中微RNA研究进展

微RNA(microRNA,miR)可在转录后水平负调控靶基因表达,miR异常表达与肿瘤生成密切相关.对胶质瘤中多个miR异常表达及其机制的研究将对进一步探讨胶质瘤的分子病理及其诊治开拓新途径.     

Evaluation of the antitumoral effect of dihydrocucurbitacin-B in both in vitro and in vivo models

Aims  We evaluated both in vitro and in vivo antitumoral properties of an isolated compound from Wilbrandia ebracteata, dihydrocucurbitacin-B (DHCB), using B16F10 cells (murine melanoma). Materials and methods  We made use of MTT and ³H-Thymidine assays to investigate the cell viability and cell proliferation, flow cytometry analysis to monitor cell cycle and apoptosis, western blot analysis to evaluate the expression of cell cycle proteins, imunofluorescence analysis and in vivo tumor growth and metastasis. Results  Dihydrocucurbitacin-B significantly reduced cell proliferation without important effects on cells viability. DHCB lead cells to accumulate in G2/M phases accompanied by the appearance of polyploid cells, confirmed by fluorescence assays that demonstrated a remarkable alteration in the cell cytoskeleton and formation of binuclear cells. Annexin-V-FITC incorporation demonstrated that DHCB did not induce apoptosis. About 10 μg/mL DHCB was found to decrease cyclin-A, and especially in cyclin-B1. The in vivo experiments showed that DHCB treatment (once a day up to 12 days; p.o.) was able to reduce the tumor growth and lung metastasis up to 83.5 and 50.3%, respectively. Conclusions  Dihydrocucurbitacin-B reduces cell proliferation due to a decrease in the expression of cyclins, mainly cyclin-B1 and disruption of the actin cytoskeleton, arresting B16F10 cells in G2/M phase. Taken together, the in vitro and in vivo experiments suggest that DHCB was effective against cancer, however, it remains to be proved if DHCB will be a good candidate for drug development.     

中国乳腺癌患者生活质量研究进展

生活质量（qualityoflife,QOL）又译作生命质量、生存质量,它是在世界卫生组织提倡的健康新概念“人们在躯体上、精神上及社会生活中处于一种完好的状态,而不仅仅是没有患病和衰弱”的基础上构建的,是医学模式由生物医学模式向生物一心理一社会医学模式转变的体现。西方发达国家已将此概念广泛应用于临床试验、卫生政策制定和卫生资源效益评价等众多领域。生存质量已作为评价肿瘤患者术后状况的首选指标。     

Survey of changes in dietary preferences in cancer patients in China

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in dietary preferences in cancer patients in China and to determine the need for encouraging the adherence to a sensible diet among such patients.Methods A total of 468 cancer patients were interviewed using a self-designed questionnaire focusing on changes in the intake of specific foods. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16.0. Results Most patients completely avoided roosters and carp(73.1%), condiments(51.9%), and meat of aquatic species(40.4%). All other types of the specific foods were completely avoided by different subpopulations of the patients.Conclusion In addition to focusing on disease treatment, medical professionals need to help cancer patients overcome barriers associated with the customs of avoiding specific foods encompassed by the term ”fawu” and provide them with dietary guidance in order to prevent negative nutritional effects.     

新疆维吾尔族妇女宫颈病变中DAPK表达的研究

[目的]探讨DAPK基因与新疆维吾尔族妇女宫颈病变的相关关系。[方法]选取维吾尔族妇女正常或炎症的宫颈组织30例、CINⅠ30例、CINⅡ/Ⅲ30例、宫颈鳞癌组织30例采用免疫组化SP法检测DAPK蛋白表达;为了进一步验证DAPK蛋白表达水平,采用逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）法检测正常或炎症的宫颈组织10例、CINⅠ10例、CINⅡ/Ⅲ15例、宫颈鳞癌组织20例中mRNA的表达。[结果]DAPK的蛋白表达率在正常或炎症的宫颈组织、CINⅠ、CINⅡ/Ⅲ、宫颈鳞癌组织中分别为93.3%、83.3%、60.0%、33.3%,SCC组阳性表达率明显减少（P〈0.05）;四组mRNA的表达率分别为90.0%、90.0%、46.7%、10.0%,SCC组阳性表达率明显减少（P〈0.05）。宫颈组织中DAPK在蛋白水平和mRNA水平的表达均和宫颈病变程度成负关（P〈0.05）。[结论]新疆维吾尔族妇女宫颈病变组织中DAPK蛋白和mRNA水平均随病变程度加深而减少;DAPK蛋白检测可能为宫颈癌的早期诊断提供依据。