骨质疏松性骨折的风险评估

骨质疏松症是一种全身性骨疾病.其特点是骨量减少和骨组织的微细结构破坏导致骨脆性增加,骨强度降低而容易发生骨折.我国部分地区统计资料表明由于骨质疏松导致骨折的发生率达7.31%～12.2%.目前临床上主要依靠DEXA测定骨密度来诊断骨质疏松,被称为金标准.但将近一半的脆性骨折发生在骨量减少中.     

骨密度和25羟维生素D在骨质疏松性髋部骨折的作用

目的 在股骨颈骨密度达到骨质疏松阈值的情况下,比较髋部骨折与无髋部骨折患者的年龄、骨密度和25羟维生素 D,了解这些因素对髋部骨折的影响。方法 对137例骨密度达到骨质疏松阈值的绝经后女性患者进行研究,无髋部骨折组 62例,髋部骨折组75例,检测股骨颈骨密度和血清25羟维生素D,比较二组年龄、股骨颈骨密度和25羟维生素D水平。结果 无髋部骨折组：年龄：（67. 92 ±8. 52)岁,股骨颈骨密度：（0. 5064 ±0. 0706)g/cm2,T 值：-3. 10 ±0. 60,25OHD： (24. 90 ± 8. 98)ng/ml。髋部骨折组：年龄：（78. 49 ± 8. 52)岁,股骨颈骨密度：（0. 4506 ± 0. 0983 ) g/cm2,T 值：-3. 51 ± 1. 18, 25OHD： (l4.89±8.94)ng/ml。结论 在股骨颈骨密度达到骨质疏松阈值的情况下,髋部骨折患者具有更高年龄,更低骨密度和25羟 维生素D。     

骨密度结合股骨颈颈干角对各型髋部骨质疏松性骨折风险的预测

目的：探讨股骨近端骨密度和股骨颈颈干角与髋部骨质疏松性骨折的相关性。方法收集在我院住院的髋部骨折患者100例和健康老年对照组100例,采用美国GE公司生产的LUNAR-Bravo双能X线骨密度仪及其配置的高级骨科专用分析测量软件,分析股骨近端骨密度和股骨颈颈干角与骨质疏松的相关性。结果髋部骨折组与对照组比较,髋部骨折组BMD较对照组有明显下降,股骨外侧皮质骨厚度明显减小,股骨颈干角（ NSA）较对照组钝。结论髋部骨密度结合股骨颈颈干角变化特点可以提高对各型髋部骨质疏松骨折危险性的预测。     

女性骨质疏松性髋部骨折的骨密度和髋部结构强度变化

目的观察女性骨质疏松性髋部骨折的骨密度和髋部结构强度变化。方法对95例骨质疏松性髋部骨折女性患者进 行双能X线骨密度检测和髋关节结构分析,年龄：76. 60 ±9. 36岁,体重指数：20. 88 ±3. 72 kg/m2 ;将63例年龄>50岁骨密度 正常的女性作为对照组。对照组女性年龄57. 24 ±5. 65岁,体重指数：26. 56 ±4. 82 kg/m2,比较二组股骨颈骨密度和结构强 度参数(包括骨横截面积、皮质厚度和屈曲应力比）。结果髋部骨折患者的股骨颈骨密度、股骨颈和转子间的骨横截面积和 皮质厚度均非常显著低于对照组;屈曲应力比非常显著高于对照组,87. 4%髋部骨折患者的股骨颈和转子间屈曲应力比均> 10;而84. 1%正常骨密度组患者的股骨颈和转子间屈曲应力比均< 10。结论髋部骨折患者的股骨颈骨密度及髋关节结构 强度均发生非常显著改变,骨强度降低,HSA提供的结构强度参数有助于预测髋部骨折风险。     

昆明女性髋部骨密度及骨质疏松调查

目的　调查昆明成年女性髋部骨密度 (BMD)变化 ,对骨质疏松 (OP)进行筛查研究。方法　用双能X线骨吸收仪 (DEXA)测量健康女性 330名 ,左股骨颈 (Neck)、沃氏三角 (Ward s)和大转子(Troch) 3区的BMD值。结果　髋部 3区BMD峰值年龄均在 2 0～ 2 9岁 ,峰值水平Neck >Ward s >Troch ;BMD值 30岁后随年龄下降 ,绝经后 (5 0～ 5 9岁组 )失骨率显著升高 ,分别为 2 0 2 % /年 (W )、1 .32 % /年 (N)、1 0 7% /年 (T) ,70～ 79岁再次失骨加速 ,>80岁组累计失骨率 5 2 83% (W)、4 0 95 %(N)、39 97% (T)。OP筛查 :以 2 5s为标准 ,<5 0岁无OP ,之后随年龄上升 ,以Ward s三角最敏感 ;≥5 0岁患病率为 30 %～ 5 0 %。结论　 30岁前达BMD峰值 ,绝经后骨丢失加快 ,存在老年第二失骨加速期 ,提示绝经和年龄先后起决定性作用 ,5 0岁后骨质疏松开始出现。筛查OP的敏感性依次为Ward s>Neck >Troch。     

老年骨质疏松性髋部骨折危险预测

目的综合考虑引起老年人髋部骨折的两个重要因素，设计新预测指标ＢＭＤ／Ｉ，利用多测量区分析提高老年人骨质疏松性髋部骨折危险预测的准确性和可靠性。方法用ＤＥＸＡ测量骨折组和对照组的髋部骨密度，根据有关物理定律推导新预测指标的计算公式。结果利用判别分析得到预测老年人骨质疏松性髋部骨折危险性的判别函数组及预测正确率。讨论多测量区分析较通常采用的单测量区分析预测正确率明显提高，判别函数组可作为计算机辅助诊断的基础，预测结果可供临床医生参考     

高龄髋部骨质疏松性骨折治疗方法的选择

目的 探讨高龄髋部骨质疏松性骨折治疗方法的选择.方法 收治116例80岁以上髋部骨折,采用手术治疗79例(手术组),非手术治疗37例(非手术组).结果 手术组在住院期间死亡13例,其余66例随访1年,26例基本恢复伤前日常生活状态;20例生活可自理,但髋关节有疼痛,功能不佳;13例未恢复行走功能,7例于随访期内因各种原...     

老年性骨质疏松与髋部骨折

本研究采用随机分组设计比较了102名绝经后妇女中股骨颈骨折及股骨粗隆间骨折患者与正常对照组的Singh指数、股骨颈皮质骨指数和股骨外侧皮质骨厚度,结果表明两骨折组与正常对照组之间均有非常显著(P<0.01)或显著(P<0.05)之统计学差异,认为骨质疏松是老年人髋部骨折的主要影响因素之一,而采用X线平片评定股骨近端的骨量改变对于预测髋部骨折之危险性具有一定价值.     

骨密度对骨质疏松性骨折的判断价值

目的研究骨密度对骨质疏松性骨折的判断价值。方法共3组研究对象,398例骨质疏松不伴有骨折的研究对象(A组),胸腰椎骨折患者(B组),骨密度正常的正常组进行研究。研究骨密度的一般情况、不同T值在各组的分配情况,骨质疏松性骨折与骨密度(BMD)的相关性。结果腰椎L2-L4、L2-L4和股颈的BMD值之间,T值人数分配之间,正常组、A组以及B组的差别具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。腰椎L1-L4、L2-L4和股颈的BMD以及总BMD的测定值均与骨质疏松性骨折相关。结论我们认为:本地区所收治的骨质疏松性骨折患者,全部应诊断判定为骨质疏松症。     

血清H2S水平与骨密度的相关性初步研究

目的血清H_2S水平与骨质疏松的相关性。方法收集2015年10月至2017年10月112例在江苏昆山地区体检和门诊就诊人员的资料,其中男82例,女30例,年龄25～86岁,平均(51.40±10.60)岁;采用DEXA骨密度仪检测该人群的骨密度,以及采用亚甲基蓝法测定血清H_2S水平。结果体内血清H_2S水平与髋部骨密度呈正相关,与腰椎骨密度无明显相关性。结论血清H_2S水平与髋部骨密度存在相关,可能是髋部骨密度下降的独立危险因素,H_2S可能是骨密度的保护因素。     

骨转换标志物与骨密度预测老年女性骨质疏松性骨折的对比研究

目的探讨骨密度与骨转换标志物(bone turnover markers,BTMs)在老年女性骨质疏松患者中的检测意义,对比两者对骨质疏松性骨折(osteoporotic fracture,OF)的预测能力。方法收集2017年10月至2019年2月于成都医学院第一附属医院骨科住院的OF患者96例和骨质疏松患者107例,分为骨折组和非骨折组。通过双能X线吸收仪(DXA)测定骨密度,电化学发光检测BTMs:I型前胶原N端前肽(PINP)、I型胶原β-异构化C末端肽(β-CTX)、骨钙素N端分子片段(N-MID),同时测定骨代谢相关指标:碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,ALP)、钙(Ca)、磷(P),t检验对比两组间的计量资料,采用二分类Logistic回归分析骨密度和BTMs与OF的相关性。结果骨折组的骨密度低于非骨折组,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05);PINP、β-CTX高于非骨折组,70～90岁患者N-MID低于非骨折组,差异均有统计学意义(P0. 05);而ALP、P、Ca在两组之间相比,差异无统计学意义(P0. 05)。二分类Logistic回归分析提示腰椎及髋部骨密度、β-CTX与OF具有显著相关性,OR分别为-4. 182、-6. 929和7. 572,差异均有统计学意义(P0. 05)。PINP、N-MID与OF呈正相关,OR分别为4. 213和2. 510,差异均无统计学意义(P0. 05)。结论低骨密度、高β-CTX的骨质疏松老年女性更容易发生OF,β-CTX比骨密度预测OF的能力更强,可适时对高危人群进行相关干预管理。     

RA患者骨密度的特点及影响骨折风险的因素

目的探讨类风湿关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)患者骨密度的特点及其骨折的风险度,并分析其影响因素。方法选取2016年1月至2017年12月于我院已确诊的RA患者共70例(RA组),体检的正常健康人群共79例(对照组),收集两组人群的病史及骨折风险相关的基本临床资料,且采用双能X线骨密度仪测定两组人群股骨的3D骨密度、二维骨密度,并进行骨折跌倒评分及FRAX评分,分析RA患者的骨密度变化情况、骨折风险性和疾病的活动度,探讨影响RA骨密度减低的因素。结果与正常对照组相比,RA组患者无论是体积骨密度还是皮质厚度都明显降低(t=6.135,P0.01),且均与二维BMD的变化趋势相一致;RA患者骨折风险度明显高于正常对照组人群(t=6.663,P0.01),RA患者疾病的活动度与骨密度的改变之间无明显相关性(r=-0.085,P0.05),但激素的使用是其骨量流失的影响因素(χ~2=12.366,P0.05)。结论RA患者存在明显的骨量流失和骨折风险性增加,骨密度的改变主要表现为骨小梁和骨皮质密度均减低,因此,积极控制原发病并预防糖皮质激素性骨质疏松有重要的临床意义。     

虚拟骨密度在基层全科评估骨质疏松症风险应用价值探讨

基于骨质疏松症未来的高发趋势,有必要在基层全科开展绝经后女性人群骨质疏松症的筛查,目前各国骨质疏松症指南和共识中提到的风险评估指标缺乏特异性,本研究团队的研究结果提示,体质量指数、年龄、左室舒张末径、肌酸激酶同工酶、碱性磷酸酶和游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸6项临床检查指标组建的联合指标与绝经后女性股骨颈骨密度值的相关性更为显著,自创概念为虚拟骨密度,用作绝经后女性骨质疏松症风险的早期预警以及有效监控女性骨骼健康状态,根据结果采取针对性健康管理预防措施,可有效降低骨质疏松症的发病率,方法既简单又廉价,在基层应用前景广泛,可以带来巨大的社会效益。     

Correlates of trabecular and cortical volumetric bone mineral density at the femoral neck and lumbar spine: The osteoporotic fractures in men study (MrOS)

The objective of this cross‐sectional analysis was to examine the correlates of trabecular and cortical volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) in 3670 community‐dwelling men, mean age 73.6 ± 5.9 years. vBMD was measured by quantitative computed tomography (QCT) and areal BMD by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA). Demographic, historical, and lifestyle information was obtained by interview, and height, weight, and neuromuscular function were determined by examination. To express the strength of the associations, percent differences (95% confidence interval) were calculated from multivariable linear regression models using the formula 100 (β × unit/mean BMD). Units for continuous variables were chosen to approximate 1 standard deviation (SD). The multivariable linear regression models predicted 15%, 21%, and 20% of the overall variance in trabecular and cortical vBMD of the femoral neck and vBMD of the lumbar spine, respectively. Diabetes was associated with a 16.5% greater trabecular vBMD at the femoral neck and 11% at the lumbar spine but less than 2% for cortical vBMD. For femoral neck trabecular vBMD, the strongest negative correlates were past smoking (?9%), fracture history (?15%), kidney stones (?7%), corticosteroids (?11%), and insulin therapy (?26%). For cortical vBMD, the strongest negative correlate was use of thyroid medication (?2.8%). The strongest negative correlates for lumbar spine trabecular vBMD were fracture history (?5%), antiandrogen use (?19%), height (?8%), and thiazoliainedione use (?22%). Bioavailable estradiol and testosterone levels were positively related and sex hormone–binding globulin was negatively related to trabecular vBMD of the spine. There was no relationship between sex hormones and femoral neck trabecular vBMD. Our conclusion is that correlates of trabecular vBMD and cortical vBMD appear to differ in older men. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research     

Fish consumption,bone mineral density,and risk of hip fracture among older adults: The cardiovascular health study

Marine n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) may be beneficial for bone health, but few studies have investigated the association with fish consumption. Our aim was to study associations of fish and EPA + DHA consumption with bone mineral density (BMD) and hip fracture risk and determine whether high linoleic acid (LA) intake, the major dietary n‐6 PUFA, modifies the associations. The study population consisted of 5045 participants aged 65 years and older from the Cardiovascular Health Study. Data on BMD were available for 1305 participants. Food‐frequency questionnaire was used to assess dietary intake, and hip fracture incidence was assessed prospectively by review of hospitalization records. After multivariable adjustment, femoral neck BMD was 0.01 g/cm² lower in the highest versus lowest tuna/other‐fish intake category (p = .05 for trend). EPA + DHA intake (higher versus lower median of 0.32 g/day) was associated with lower femoral neck BMD (0.66 versus 0.71 g/cm², p < .001) among those with LA intake greater than the median 12.1 g/day (p = .03 for interaction). No significant associations were found with total‐hip BMD. During mean follow‐up of 11.1 years, 505 hip fractures occurred. Fish or EPA + DHA consumption was not significantly associated with fracture incidence [hazard ratio (HR) for extreme categories: HR = 1.23, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.83–1.84 for tuna/other fish; HR = 1.16, 95% CI 0.91–1.49 for fried fish; and HR = 0.98, 95% CI 0.71–1.36 for EPA + DHA]. High LA intake did not modify these associations. In this large prospective cohort of older adults, fish consumption was associated with very small differences in BMD and had no association with hip fracture risk. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.     

The change of bone mineral density in secondary osteoporosis and vertebral fracture incidence

Causes of secondary osteoporosis are diverse, and bone changes in this condition have been elucidated less than those in primary osteoporosis. In this study, bone mineral density (BMD) was measured in the lumbar spine, distal and proximal sites of the radius, and calcaneus in representative disorders that cause secondary osteoporosis to evaluate its changes. Also, the incidence of nontraumatic vertebral fracture was examined. The subjects were 80 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, 50 patients undergoing glucocorticoid (steroid) therapy, 20 patients with chronic hepatitis, 24 patients with liver cirrhosis, 14 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), 26 patients with diabetes mellitus, and 20 postgastrectomy patients; all were ambulatory female outpatients. Two hundred females with primary osteoporosis were examined as a control group. The reproducibility of the measurement of the BMD was satisfactory at about 3% by all methods of measurement employed. Concerning changes in BMD, periarticular trabecular bone density was most markedly reduced in the rheumatoid arthritis group. The patients receiving steroid therapy showed the greatest decreases in the trabecular bone mineral density at the distal 4% of the radius and lumbar spinal BMD. In addition, the threshold of vertebral fracture was higher in those undergoing steroid therapy than in those with primary osteoporosis. The patients with PBC showed the greatest decreases in BMD among patients with chronic liver disorders, and no decrease in BMD was noted in the chronic hepatitis group. BMD was reduced only in the radius in the patients with diabetic mellitus, and it was generally reduced in the postgastrectomy patients. BMD of the calcaneus was not reduced in any group. Received: Aug. 12, 1998 / Accepted: Nov. 11, 1998     

血清骨膜素水平与老年髋部骨折患者骨密度相关性研究

目的探索老年髋部骨折患者骨膜素(sP ostn)水平与骨密度的相关性。方法纳入108例患有骨质疏松性髋部骨折的老年女性和106名年龄不匹配的无骨折女性作为对照。在2 d内骨折后测量其临床特征、骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)和骨转换标志物(包括sP ostn水平)。对于108例患者,检测1年内的随访sP ostn水平。结果骨折后sP ostn的初始水平显著高于对照组。在整个队列中,sP ostn与股骨颈BMD,骨Ⅰ型胶原N-端前肽(PINP)和Ⅰ型胶原交联C-末端肽(β-CTX)相关(P均0. 05)。多变量分析后,sP ostn仍然是股骨颈BMD的独立危险因素。骨折后7 d内采样的sP ostn从第2天开始急剧增加,然后减少并在360 d保持在略高的水平。sP ostn的变化与骨折后第7天β-CTX(P0. 05)和PINP(P0. 05)的变化呈正相关。结论高sP ostn水平是老年女性急性髋部骨折患者股骨颈低BMD的独立预测因素。     

应用FRAX联合腰椎或股骨颈骨密度评估中老年女性骨折风险的临床研究

目的探讨应用FRAX联合腰椎或股骨颈骨密度评估中老年女性骨折风险。方法选取2017年3月至2018年6月在连云港市第一人民医院行骨密度检查的女性337例,收集其个人基本信息、FRAX风险评估值及腰椎和股骨颈骨密度,按照骨密度及年龄分组,根据上述资料计算10年内主要部位骨质疏松性骨折概率和10年内髋部骨折概率,比较FRAX联合腰椎或股骨颈骨密度评估骨折风险的差异。结果无论代入股骨颈骨密度还是腰椎骨密度计算骨折风险,骨质疏松组的骨折风险均高于骨量减少组(P0.05);②无论是在骨质疏松组还是在骨量减少组,采用股骨颈骨密度计算的骨折风险均高于采用腰椎骨密度计算的值(P0.05)。③进一步分析显示,不同年龄组采用股骨颈骨密度计算出的骨折风险均高于采用腰椎骨密度计算的值(P0.05)。结论对于不同年龄组的骨量异常女性,FRAX联合股骨颈骨密度预测的骨折风险高于联合腰椎骨密度预测的骨折风险。