醋氨己酸锌、雷尼替丁、甲硝唑三联疗法清除幽门螺杆菌的疗效

目的：在应用雷尼替丁加甲硝唑（对照组）的基础上加用醋氨己酸锌（治疗组）治疗有幽门螺杆菌（Ｈｐ）感染的慢性胃炎和消化性溃疡患者１０４例,观察醋氨己酸锌对Ｈｐ阳性的胃炎和消化性溃疡患者的效果。方法：对照组给予雷尼替丁１５０ｍｇ,ｂｉｄ,甲硝唑２００ｍｇ,ｑｉｄ;治疗组在对照组的基础上加用醋氨己酸锌３００ｍｇ,ｔｉｄ共４ｗｋ。结果：治疗组的Ｈｐ清除率明显高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０５）,消化性溃疡的愈合率虽高     

前列腺素E1治疗慢性病毒性肝炎,肝硬化及重症肝炎的疗效

目的：进一步探讨前列腺Ｅ１（ＰＧＥ１）对病毒性肝炎的疗效。方法：对９５例慢性乙型肝炎、肝炎肝硬化及重症肝炎在综合护肝治疗的基础上加用ＰＧＥ１治疗,疗程１４～２１ｄ,另设对照组９０例。ＰＧＥ１治疗组中血清总胆红素（ＳＢ）的降低明显优于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０５）。在慢性肝炎病例组中,治疗组中ＡＬＴ的下降显著低于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０５）;而在重症肝炎组中,虽然两组的病死率无显著性差异,但治疗组中〖凝血〗因子Ⅱ     

含替硝唑与含甲硝唑的2种三联疗法对根除幽门螺杆菌的对比研究

目的：比较替硝唑三联疗法与甲硝唑三联疗法对根除幽门螺杆菌的疗效及不良反应。方法：将内镜及病理证实的慢性胃炎患者８５例随机分成Ａ,Ｂ组,Ａ组即替硝唑三联组（替硝唑０．５ｇ,ｂｉｄ,阿莫西林１．０ｇ,ｂｉｄ,次枸椽酸铋钾２２０ｍｇ,ｂｉｄ,疗程２周）,Ｂ组即甲硝唑三联组（甲硝唑０．４ｇ,ｂｉｄ,阿莫西林１．０ｇ,ｂｉｄ,次枸椽酸铋钾２２０ｍｇ,ｂｉｄ,疗程２周）。结果：Ａ组幽门螺杆菌根除率８３．７％（３６／４３）,Ｂ组为７６．２％（３２／４２）,对疼痛的缓解率分析为８６．２％（２５／２９）和８４．０％（２１／２５）。两组比较均无明显差异（Ｐ〉０．０５）,不良反应发生率Ｂ组为３１．０％（１３／４２）,明显高于Ａ组的１１．６％（５／４３）,两组比较有明显差异（Ｐ〈０．０５）。结论：本研究结果显示Ａ组幽门螺杆菌根除率及疼     

脂必妥与多烯康治疗高脂血症的比较

目的：比较脂必妥片（下称脂必妥）与多烯康胶丸（下称多烯康）的降脂疗效。方法：高脂血症１０８例,按１：１比例随机分为两组,每组各５４例,比较两种方法在治疗高血脂症中的疗效。结果：二组ＴＣ、ＴＧ、ＬＤＬ－ｃｈ均非常显著下降（Ｐ〈０．０１）,脂必妥组ＴＣ和ＬＤＬ－ａｃｈ下降幅度大于多烯康组（Ｐ〈０．０５）;二组ＨＤＬ－ｃｈ均显著上升（Ｐ〈０．０５）,脂必妥组ＨＤＬ－ｃｈ上升幅度大于多烯康组（Ｐ〈０．０５     

含服卡托普利治疗高血压急症的疗效观察

目的：给高血压急症患者含服卡托普利片治疗,并与肌注利血平治疗作对照,找出快速有效的降压药物。方法：含服卡托普利片３７．５ｍｇ治疗高血压急症３０例,３０例用利血平针１ｍｇ肌注作对照。结果：含服卡托普利片１５ｍｉｎ后却开始有显著的降压作用（Ｐ〈０．０１）,３０、６０、１２０ｍｉｎ后降压效果更显著（Ｐ〈０．０１）;利血平股注治疗组１５ｍｉｎ后血压无明显下降（Ｐ〉０．０５）,３０、６０、１２０ｍｉｎ血夺下降显著（Ｐ〈０．０１）。组间比较,含服卡托普利降压作用明显（Ｐ〈０．０１）。结论：卡托普利含服是治疗高血压急症较有效的方法。     

兰索拉唑治疗十二指肠溃疡

对经胃镜检查确诊的活动期十二指肠溃疡６０例，随机分为２组，试验组（兰索拉唑组）每天晨服兰索拉唑３０ｍｇ，对照组（泰胃美组）每天晚上服泰胃美８００ｍｇ疗程为４周。试验组愈合率和有效率分别为９６．７％和１００％，对照组愈率和有效率分别为７０．０％和８０．０％（Ｐ〈０．０５）；两组疼痛缓解率分别为１００％和７６．９％（Ｐ〈０．０５）。在治疗中未见明显不良反应，本研究表明兰索拉唑治疗十二指肠溃疡优于Ｈ２受     

奥美拉唑三联疗法根除幽门螺杆菌的疗效

目的观察奥美拉唑、阿莫西林、呋喃唑酮短程三联疗法根除幽门螺杆菌（HP）感染的疗效。方法将86例经胃镜检查确诊并经快速尿素酶和组织学测定为HP阳性的消化性溃疡或慢性胃炎患者,随机分成奥美拉唑加阿莫西林加呋喃唑酮组（AAF）43例和奥美拉唑加阿莫西林加甲硝唑组（AAM）43例治疗一周。治疗后停用抗生素,至少四周复查。13C尿素呼气试验（13C-UBT）。结果 AAF组共有41例完成治疗,37例HP被根除,根除率90.2%;AAM组共有38例完成治疗,28例HP被根除,根除率73.7%。AAF组根除率明显高于AAM组（P〈0.05）。结论奥美拉唑联合阿莫西林、呋喃唑酮组比较联合阿莫西林、甲硝唑组HP根除率高。     

善得定和垂体后叶素治疗食管静脉曲张破裂出血的临床对比研究

方法 食管静脉曲张破裂出血１２７例,善得定组治疗６２例,垂体后叶素组治疗６５例,结果 善得定止血有效率为７３．４％,优于垂体叶素有效率５０．７％（Ｐ〈０．０５）,再出血发生率明显小于后者（Ｐ〈０．０５）,副作用发生率为６．４％,明显小于垂体后叶素组３２．２％（Ｐ〈０．０５）。结论 善得定为治疗食管静脉曲张破裂出血的有效药物。     

糖尿病病人血清肌酸激酶变化的意义

为明确糖尿病病人血清肌酸激酶（ＣＫ）变化的意义，采用紫外分光光度法检测了１１０例糖尿病（ＤＭ）患者血清ＣＫ及其它指标。结果：１．糖尿病组血清ＣＫ值明显低于对照组，其中有血管病变组（Ｉ组）又明显低于无血管病变组（Ⅱ组），Ｐ〈０．０５或Ｐ〈０．０１。血清镁离子（Ｍｇ）Ｉ组明显低于Ⅱ组及对照组，后两者无明显差异。２．相关分析表明，ＣＫ与病程和ＨｂＡｌｃ成负相关（Ｐ〈０．０５），与Ｍｇ成正相关（Ｐ〈０．０     

锡类散、甲硝唑加庆大霉素保留灌肠治疗溃疡性结肠炎疗效观察

目的：观察锡类散、甲硝唑加庆大霉素保留灌肠治疗溃疡性结肠炎的疗效。方法：41例溃疡性结肠炎患者随机分为治疗组和对照组，治疗组锡类散、甲硝唑加庆大霉素睡前2h保留灌肠；对照组不加锡类散，其余相同，10d为一疗程。结果：治疗组总有效率95．24％，明显高于对照组总有效率55．00％，两组比较差异具显著性（P〈0．01）。结论：锡类散、甲硝唑加庆大霉素保留灌肠治疗溃疡性结肠炎疗效显著，方法简便，值得推广。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

---

Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.