Seldinger导管法心包穿刺置管引流治疗心包积液25例

心包穿刺是治疗心包积液的重要方法之一 ,传统的心包穿刺有一定的危险性 ,1 997年 2月～2 0 0 0年 7月来 ,我们采用 Seldinger导管法 [1]进行心包穿刺抽液 ,为 2 5例心包积液患者安全地施行了心包穿刺留置单腔中心静脉导管引流治疗 ,取得了较好的效果 ,现报道如下 :1　资料与方法1 .1　临床资料 :1 .1 .1　本组全部为住院患者 ,并经 X线检查心影扩大 ,术前均以二维超声确认有心包积液 ,2 5例中男 1 8例 ,女 7例 ,年龄 1 7～ 73岁。心包积液量中等以上并伴有心包填塞症状 1 5例。1 .1 .2　病因 :癌性心包炎 8例 (均示大量心包积液 ) ,结核性…     

Seldinger技术置管引流恶性心包积液35例分析

目的 评价中心静脉导管置管引流恶性心包积液的效果.方法 采用Seldinger技术将中心静脉导管置人心包腔引流恶性心包积液.结果 35例患者均一次穿刺成功,并发症少,置管引流心包积液后患者自觉症状很快缓解,引流效果好.结论 Seldinger技术置管引流心包腔积液是一项集诊断、急救、治疗为一体的综合性治疗方法,具有方便、快捷、安全、有效、痛苦小、并发症少,医疗费用较少的优点,特别适用于恶性心包积液引流.     

Seldinger导管法心包穿刺引流心包积液38例

目的：评价Seldinger导管法心包穿刺置管引流治疗心包积液的临床疗效及安全性。方法：38例心包积液患在心尖部、左侧第5-6肋间隙心浊音界内1.5-2cm处穿刺心包，置入单腔中心静脉导管，观察患的心包积液引流及临床情况。结果：全部病例均完全置管引流，临床症状明显改善。所有患术中、术后未发生严重并发症，无1例并发感染。结论：Seldinger技术穿刺心包，置入单腔中静导管引流是安全、简便、实用的治疗方法。     

心包穿刺置管引流治疗心包积液的护理

目的探讨心包经皮穿刺置管引流治疗心包积液的护理。方法对10例心包积液患者应用中心静脉导管进行心包穿刺并置管引流,加强术前护理,术中配合,置管后做好体位、留置导管、心理及生活方面的护理指导并密切观察病情。结果10例心包积液患者经皮穿刺置管术均穿刺成功,导管留置时间5～20d,中位时间12d。置管后2例出现穿刺处渗液,1例出现导管松脱,2例发生导管堵塞。结论心包经皮穿刺置管引流是治疗心包积液的安全、有效的方法,做好术前、术中、术后观察和护理,使患者积极配合,可减少并发症的发生,提高患者的生存质量。     

Seldinger法心包穿刺引流45例

自2001年2月至2005年8月,我们采用Seldinger法进行心包穿刺,留置中心静脉导管引流45例心包积液患者,取得了良好的效果。现报道如下:1资料和方法1·1病例资料:我科自2001年2月至2005年8月,共45例患者(47例次)采用Seldinger法行心包穿刺引流术。男性,29例。女性,15例。年龄,57±1     

心包穿刺置管引流治疗大量心包积液的疗效分析

1资料与方法2005-09至2010-08我院共行心包穿刺术90例,其中男54例,女36例,年龄17～81岁,平均45岁,其中结核性心包炎39例,肿瘤性心包积液26例,结缔组织疾病8例,心脏介入手术至心包填塞5例,外科冠状动脉搭桥术后心包渗液共12例,全部患者均经超声心动图证实为中大量心包积液。将上述患者随机分为直接置管引流组(55例),单纯穿刺抽液组(35例)。     

心包腔深静脉留置管引流治疗心包积液

目的观察经皮心包穿刺置管引流及腔内注入药物治疗心包积液的疗效及安全性。方法 26例有大量心包积液伴心脏压塞症状者在B超引导下行心包穿刺并留置深静脉引流管引流、腔内注药。结果穿刺成功率100%。置管引流后心脏压塞症状迅速缓解,总有效率92.3%。结论心包积液量较大有心脏压塞症状时心包腔内置深静脉引流管引流、注药治疗,安全有效,可迅速缓解心脏压塞症状,适合基层医院临床应用。     

心包穿刺引流治疗AIDS并发心包积液2例

<正>艾滋病(Acquired immune deficiency syndrome,AIDS)累及人体各系统组织,心包为常见受累器官[1]。少量心包积液可无症状,大量心包积液可致死。北京佑安医院于2013年用心包穿刺引流方法治疗艾滋病并发心包积液2例,报道如下。1临床资料例1:男性,23岁。有同性性接触史。因间断咳嗽、发热1个月,加重并喘憋1周入院。查体:面罩吸氧下血氧饱和度98%。双肺呼吸音粗,可闻干、湿罗     

心包穿刺置管引流治疗心包积液的护理

目的探讨心包经皮穿刺置管引流治疗心包积液患者的护理。方法对4例心包积液患者应用中心静脉导管进行心包穿刺并置管引流,加强术前护理,术中配合,置管后做好体位、留置导管、心理及生活方面的护理指导并密切观察病情。结果 4例心包积液患者经皮穿刺置管术均穿刺成功,导管留置时间5～20 d,平均10d。置管后2例出现穿刺处渗液,1例出现导管松脱。结论心包经皮穿刺置管引流是治疗心包积液的安全有效的方法,做好术前、术中、术后观察护理,使患者积极配合,可减少并发症的发生,提高患者的生存质量。     

心包置管引流加凝血酶治疗恶性心包积液

随着恶性肿瘤发病率的升高,恶性心包积液有增多的趋势.恶性心包积液以积液量大、不易控制为特点,患者常死于心包填塞.采用置管引流加凝血酶治疗,为恶性心包积液患者提供了非常有效的治疗方法,能较快地明显改善患者心悸、气急、胸闷等症状,是一种简便、安全、效果好、并发症少的方法.     

心包积液持续导管引流穿刺部位的新选择

目的　探讨经胸骨左缘第 3、4肋间穿刺放置心包积液引流导管的可行性和安全性。方法　应用二维超声心动图 ( 2DE) ,探测 38例中到大量心包积液患者剑突下、心尖部及胸骨左缘第 3、4肋间距胸骨左缘 2cm处 3个部位的舒张期最大积液厚度和预定进针深度 ;在 2DE引导下 ,以胸骨左缘第 3、4肋间为穿刺点 ,留置导管引流心包积液。结果　 2DE探测 3个部位的舒张期最大积液厚度差异无显著性 ,胸骨左缘第 3、4肋间处预定进针深度最小 ;38例患者均一次穿刺、留置导管成功 ,其中36例 ( 94 8% )经超声证实引流导管位于后心包。无穿刺相关并发症 ,无导管脱出心包腔及积液渗漏至胸腔或皮下 ,1例于放置引流导管后第 3天发生神经介导性晕厥。结论　经胸骨左缘第 3、4肋间途径行心包引流导管留置术安全有效、操作简便 ,优于剑突下和心尖部途径     

经皮穿刺心包置管引流治疗心包渗液54例疗效观察

目的 :探讨经皮穿刺置入导管引流心包渗液的疗效及安全性。方法 :5 4例中量至大量心包渗液的患者在超声引导下置管行心包闭式引流。结果 :5 4例患者均置管成功 ,置管时间平均 10d( 5～ 2 0 )d ,均无脏器、组织损伤或感染等。 2例发生导管堵塞 ,经肝素盐水冲洗后再度通畅 ;1例有症状性低血压 ;1例发展为缩窄性心包炎。结论 :经皮穿刺置入导管行心包引流是一种安全、有效的治疗心包渗液的方法     

胸腔内置管治疗结核性胸腔积液的价值

目的探讨胸腔内留置中心静脉导管在治疗结核性胸腔积液的应用价值。方法对住院患者60例结核性胸腔积液分为引流组30例和抽液组30例,将两组病人的引流、胸液、胸水排净时间和导致胸膜增厚的程度进行对比。结果引流组与抽液组比,穿刺次数少,排液持续时间长,引流胸液量大,胸液排净时间短、并发症少,引成胸膜增厚明显减少。结论胸腔内置管治疗结核性胸腔积液优于胸穿抽液术,方便、安全、疗效满意,值得在临床推广应用。     

The anteroposterior pericardial sac diameter measured by echocardiography correlates with the volume of pericardial effusion and with effort dyspnea.

AIMS: To examine the value of the anteroposterior pericardial sac diameter (APD) for prediction of the volume of pericardial effusion. METHODS AND RESULTS: We measured the APD by echocardiography before 52 pericardiocentesis procedures and correlated it with the aspirate volume, etiology, symptoms, and clinical outcome. The volume of the aspirate ranged from 60 to 2300 ml (median 650 ml). The APD (range 8.0 cm-15.9 cm, median 12 cm) correlated well with the cubic root of the volume of the effusion [volume=(0.8APD-0.6)3, r2=0.533, p<0.01]. An APD>or=12 cm had a positive predictive value of 88% and a negative predictive value of 83% for effusion volume above the sample median (>or=650 ml) and a positive predictive value of 100% for effusion in the middle or upper aspirate volume tertiles. Effort dyspnea was more common among patients with APD>or=12.0 cm (n=13) than in those with APD<12.0 cm (n=11) (p=0.007). One-year survival after pericardiocentesis was closely related to the severity of the underlying etiology and was not influenced by the volume of the effusion before aspiration. CONCLUSIONS: The APD is a simple, valuable method for non-invasive prediction of pericardial fluid volume. A greater APD is associated with, and may explain, effort dyspnea.     

Diagnosis and management of pericardial effusion

Pericardial effusion is a common finding in everyday clinical practice.The first challenge to the clinician is to try to establish an etiologic diagnosis.Sometimes,the pericardial effusion can be easily related to a known underlying disease,such as acute myocardial infarction, cardiac surgery,end-stage renal disease or widespread metastatic neoplasm.When no obvious cause is apparent,some clinical findings can be useful to establish a diagnosis of probability.The presence of acute inflammatory signs(chest pain,fever,pericardial friction rub) is predictive for acute idiopathic pericarditis irrespective of the size of the effusion or the presence or absence of tamponade.Severe effusion with absence of inflammatory signs and absence of tamponade is predictive for chronic idiopathic pericardial effusion,and tamponade without inflammatory signs for neoplastic pericardial effusion.Epidemiologic considerations are very important,as in developed countries acute idiopathic pericarditis and idiopathic pericardial effusion are the most common etiologies,but in some underdeveloped geographic areas tuberculous pericarditis is the leading cause of pericardial effusion.The second point is the evaluation of the hemodynamic compromise caused by pericardial fluid.Cardiac tamponade is not an"all or none"phenomenon,but a syndrome with a continuum of severity ranging from an asymptomatic elevationof intrapericardial pressure detectable only through hemodynamic methods to a clinical tamponade recognized by the presence of dyspnea,tachycardia,jugular venous distension,pulsus paradoxus and in the more severe cases arterial hypotension and shock.In the middle,echocardiographic tamponade is recognized by the presence of cardiac chamber collapses and characteristic alterations in respiratory variations of mitral and tricuspid flow.Medical treatment of pericardial effusion is mainly dictated by the presence of inflammatory signs and by the underlying disease if present.Pericardial drainage is mandatory when clinical tamponade is present.In the absence of clinical tamponade,examination of the pericardial fluid is indicated when there is a clinical suspicion of purulent pericarditis and in patients with underlying neoplasia.Patients with chronic massive idiopathic pericardial effusion should also be submitted to pericardial drainage because of the risk of developing unexpected tamponade.The selection of the pericardial drainage procedure depends on the etiology of the effusion.Simple pericardiocentesis is usually sufficient in patients with acute idiopathic or viral pericarditis.Purulent pericarditis should be drained surgically,usually through subxiphoid pericardiotomy. Neoplastic pericardial effusion constitutes a more difficult challenge because reaccumulation of pericardial fluid is a concern.The therapeutic possibilities include extended indwelling pericardial catheter,percutaneous pericardiostomy and intrapericardial instillation of antineoplastic and sclerosing agents.Massive chronic idiopathic pericardial effusions do not respond to medical treatment and tend to recur after pericardiocentesis, so wide anterior pericardiectomy is finally necessary in many cases.     

心包穿刺硅胶管引流103例经验总结

目的　探讨安全心包穿刺引流、并有效治疗心包积液的方法。方法　将经穿刺并硅胶管引流的 10 3例资料与同期单纯心尖部穿刺的 30例资料进行比较。结果　引流组 30例 (30 / 35 )肿瘤性积液、2 5例 (2 5 / 2 9)结核性积液、16例(16 / 16 )特发性渗出性积液、2例 (2 / 2 )化脓性心包炎经引流与心包内注药后积液消失 ,引流组其余病因的积液也获得有效缓解 ;而单纯穿刺组仅暂时缓解症状 ,大部分积液及压塞未缓解而转入引流组。操作相关的并发症以后者为多。采用Seldinger导管法穿刺引流 ,在床边不需两维超声指引 ,安全可靠。硅胶管与组织相容性好 ,可长时间保留心包内引流(1～ 82天 )。结论　本方法简单、安全、有效 ,可有效引流及治疗心包积液。Seldinger导管法用于心包穿刺引流安全可靠。     

微创中心静脉导管留置治疗胸腔积液临床观察

目的探讨中心静脉导管置管引流和传统胸腔穿刺治疗胸腔积液的疗效。方法118例胸腔积液患者,随机分为微创置管组（n=59）和常规穿刺组（n=59）,比较两种引流方法的疗效,并发症及医疗费用。结果微创置管组与常规穿刺组病例相比,胸水吸收（5．83±4．72天vs18．7±10．9天）,胸膜反应（1．7％vs13．6％）,胸膜增厚（10．2％vs20．3％）,胸水包裹发生率：（0％vs5．9％）,气胸发生率（0％vs3．4％）,肺水肿发生率（0％vs1．7％）。医疗费用（355．5±125．5元vs660．7±331．4元）,两组对比差异显著性（P〈0．01）。结论中心静脉导管置管引流具有创伤小、操作简便安全、疗效较好、并发症更少、医疗费用较低、可提高生活质量,值得临床推广。     

甲状腺功能减退症合并心包积液的临床分析

目的 对甲状腺功能减退症（甲减）合并心包积液进行临床分析加以探讨,以使治疗工作中减少误诊、漏诊、提高治愈率。方法 诊断明确基础上用甲状腺素片治疗,初始用小剂量,每日15～30mg,逐增每日40～120mg,维持量40～80mg。结果 4～8周治疗,甲状症状明显改善,ECG恢复正常,X线及心动超声亦恢复正常,T3、T4、TSH恢复正常或明显好转。结论 遇到原因不明心包积液而心包填塞症状不明显,同时伴有或不伴有心动过缓均应想到甲减的可能,甲减性心包液不应行常规心包穿刺抽液,应早期强心利尿,使用尿状腺素片治疗,心包积液即可消失。     

Demographic,clinical and etiological profile of pericardial effusion in India: A single centre experience

IntroductionPericardial effusion (PE) is a life-threatening condition. However, there are very few Indian studies which determined etiological distribution. The current retrospective observational study was carried out to assess etiological factors responsible for PE in a tertiary care centre in India.MethodsThe study enrolled consecutive 55 patients with the diagnosis of moderate to large PE as established by echocardiography between January 2018 and December 2018. The echocardiography guided percutaneous pericardiocentesis was performed by the standard procedure.ResultsAmongst the enrolled PE patients in the study, 30 (54.55%) were males and 25 (45.45%) were females, with the average age of 43.00 ± 15.54 years. In clinical assessment, tamponade was found in 52 (94.54%) patients. Tuberculosis was the most common etiology for PE (n=35, 63.64%) followed by hypothyroidism (n = 6, 10.9%), and malignancies (n = 4, 7.27%). Among 12.72% patients, the PE was of recurrent type. Additionally, no death or any complication was encountered during pericardiocentesis.ConclusionPericardial disease and effusion is a major cause of morbidity in India. Despite developments in the healthcare facilities, tuberculosis was the most common etiology for PE. Additionally, the raised number of hypothyroid and malignant PE cases demonstrates the changing etiological trends, similar to western countries.     

心包积液穿刺引流对心钠素释放的影响

目的探讨心包穿刺放液引起的心包腔内压、心房压变化与心房扩张,对心钠素（ＡＮＦ）释放的影响。方法对６例大量心包积液患者进行心包置管引流,记录引流前后的心包腔压力及尿量的变化,测定心包积液与血浆ＡＮＦ浓度。其中一例做血流动力学监测。结果心包穿刺放液前血浆ＡＮＦ低于正常水平,心包液ＡＮＦ高于血浆水平（Ｐ＜０．０５）,放液后心包压、右房压下降,血浆ＡＮＦ反向升高（Ｐ＜０．０５）,２４小时尿量增加,心包液ＡＮＦ明显下降,且低于血浆水平。结论心包积液穿刺放液刺激血浆ＡＮＦ的释放,产生利尿作用。ＡＮＦ的释放依赖于心房的扩张,而不是心房压的升高。心包具有分泌ＡＮＦ功能,其分泌量随心包腔内压增高而增加。