Rates of cardiac catheterization, coronary angioplasty and open-heart surgery in adults in Canada.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the rates of and waiting lists for cardiac catheterization, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and open-heart surgery in adults in Canada between Apr. 1, 1988, and Mar. 31, 1989. DESIGN: Mail survey. PARTICIPANTS: The directors of all 48 adult cardiac catheterization laboratories and the chiefs of all 33 adult cardiovascular surgery programs in Canada. MAIN RESULTS: A total of 61,116 cardiac catheterization procedures were performed, a rate of 236 per 100,000 population. The mean waiting times for elective procedures were weighted to reflect more accurately the differences between centres in the number of patients awaiting the procedures. The mean wait for elective cardiac catheterization was 8.5 weeks. There were 10,097 PTCA procedures done, a rate of 39 per 100,000 population. The mean wait for elective PTCA was 11.0 weeks, the longest wait occurring in Quebec (15.4 weeks). A total of 16,240 open-heart procedures were performed, a rate of 63 per 100,000 population. The mean wait for elective open-heart surgery was 22.6 weeks, the longest wait occurring in Quebec and British Columbia (more than 32 weeks). The rates for all three procedures were much lower in Canada than in the United States. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the cumulative wait for coronary angiography and PTCA or open-heart surgery may lead to major losses of productivity, delayed rehabilitation and reduced probability of return to previous levels of productivity. Regular collection of data such as ours should help to understand better the resources required for these specialized cardiac procedures.     

Outcome of critically ill patients undergoing interhospital transfer

OBJECTIVE: To quantify the morbidity and mortality associated with acute interhospital transfer of critically ill patients requiring intensive care (ICU) services. DESIGN: Three-year (1 July 1996-30 June 1999) retrospective case-control study based on review of patients' medical records. SETTING: Metropolitan hospitals in Melbourne, Victoria. PARTICIPANTS: 73 (of 75) consecutive, critically ill patients from one metropolitan teaching hospital who were transferred to other hospitals because ICU services were not available. OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary endpoints included inhospital mortality and length of stay in ICU and hospital. Secondary endpoints included time from study entry to ICU admission and the change in predicted mortality risk after resuscitation and transfer to ICU (inter- or intrahospital transfer). RESULTS: The Transfer Group experienced a significant delay in admission to ICU (5.0 [4.0-6.0] v 3.0 [2.0-5.5] hours; P=0.001), and a longer stay in ICU (48 [33-111] v 44 [25-78] hours; P=0.04), and hospital (10 [3-14] v 6 [3-13] days; P=0.02). Hospital mortality in the Transfer Group (24.7%) was not statistically different from that in the Control Group (17.8%; P= 0.41; OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 0.68-3.4). CONCLUSION: Acute interhospital transfer is associated with a delay in ICU admission and a longer stay in ICU and hospital, but no statistically significant difference in mortality. A study of over 300 patient transfers would be required to clarify the morbidity and mortality risk of acute interhospital transfer.     

Coronary artery bypass graft surgery in Newfoundland and Labrador

BACKGROUND: Newfoundland and Labrador, like other health care jurisdictions, is faced with widening gaps between the demands for health care and a strained ability to supply the necessary resources. The authors carried out a study to determine the rates of appropriate and inappropriate coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in the province and the waiting times for this surgery. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study was performed in the tertiary care hospital that receives all referrals for coronary angiography and coronary artery revascularization for Newfoundland and Labrador. By reviewing the hospital records, the authors identified 2 groups of patients: those in whom critical coronary artery disease was diagnosed on the basis of coronary angiography and who were referred for CABG between Apr. 1, 1994, and Mar. 31, 1995, and those who actually underwent the procedure during that period. By applying specific criteria developed by the RAND Corporation, the authors determined the appropriateness and necessity of CABG in each case. They also compared waiting times for CABG with optimal waiting times; as determined by a consensus-based priority score. RESULTS: A total of 338 patients underwent CABG during the study period. The cases were characterized by multivessel disease and late-stage angina symptoms. Almost all of the patients had high appropriateness scores (7-9), and nearly 95% had high necessity scores (7-9). However, during the study period, the waiting list increased by about 20%, because a total of 391 patients were referred by the weekly cardiovascular surgery conference; the authors identified these and an additional 31 patients as having necessity scores of 7 or more. Only 7 (23%) of 31 patients for whom CABG was considered very urgent underwent surgery within the recommended 24 hours, and only 30 (24%) of the 122 patients for whom CABG was considered urgent underwent surgery within the recommended 72 hours. INTERPRETATION: These results provide evidence that the cardiac surgery program in Newfoundland and Labrador is performing CABG in patients for whom surgical revascularization is highly appropriate and necessary. Access to CABG is less than ideal, however, since the waiting list continues to expand, and many patients wait beyond the recommended time for surgery.     

Has laparoscopic cholecystectomy changed patterns of practice and patient outcome in Ontario?

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of the introduction of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) on patterns of practice (number of cholecystectomy procedures, case-mix and length of hospital stay) and patient outcomes in Ontario. DESIGN: Cross-sectional population-based time trends using hospital discharge data. SETTING: All acute care hospitals in Ontario where cholecystectomy was provided. PATIENTS: All 119,821 Ontario residents who underwent cholecystectomy between 1989-90 and 1993-94. After exclusions (initial bile duct exploration, cancer, incidental cholecystectomy, or missing codes for age, sex or residence) 108,442 patients remained. OUTCOME MEASURES: Number of cholecystectomy procedures, proportion of patients with acute or chronic gallstone disease, length of hospital stay, and rates of death, readmission, and bile duct injury and other in-hospital complications after cholecystectomy by year. RESULTS: The number of cholecystectomy procedures increased by 30.4% between 1989-90 and 1993-94. The number of patients with chronic gallstone disease increased by 33.6%, and the number who underwent elective surgery increased by 48.3%. The proportion of procedures performed as LC increased from 1.0% in 1990-91 to 85.6% in 1993-94. Patients who received LC tended to be younger female patients with chronic gallstone disease with no coexisting conditions undergoing elective operations. The mean length of stay, adjusted for case-mix differences, was significantly lower in 1993-94 than in 1989-90 (2.6 days v. 7.5 days) (p < 0.05); the values for LC and open cholecystectomy in 1993-94 were 1.8 days and 7.3 days respectively. The decrease in the crude death rate over the study period (0.3% to 0.2%) was not significant (relative odds 1.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.72 to 1.69). In 1993-94 the adjusted risk of readmission to hospital within 30 days was 1.38 (95% CI 1.19 to 1.58) as compared with 1989-90. Over the 5 years the rate of bile duct injuries tripled (0.3% in 1989-90 v. 0.9% in 1993-94). The adjusted risk of having at least one complication after cholecystectomy in 1993-94 was 1.90 (95% CI 1.75 to 2.07) as compared with 1989-90. CONCLUSIONS: LC has had a substantial effect on the number of cholecystectomy procedures performed, the type of patient having the gallbladder removed and the length of hospital stay. Death rates are unchanged, but the odds of readmission and in-hospital complications are both increased. Future research should be directed toward determining the reasons for the overall increase in rates, developing methods to reduce bile duct injuries and identifying other relevant outcomes, such as patient satisfaction with the procedure.     

Waiting for coronary revascularization in Toronto: 2 years' experience with a regional referral office.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the frequency of major adverse events among patients awaiting coronary revascularization; to assess the match between referring physicians' estimates of urgency, a computer-generated multifactorial urgency rating score and actual waiting times; to determine the changes in waiting times as capacity for bypass surgery increased; and to evaluate the influence of choice of procedure or operator on waiting times. DESIGN: Consecutive case series. SETTING: Greater Toronto region. SUBJECTS: All 571 patients referred to an organized referral office by cardiologists at hospitals without on-site revascularization facilities between Jan. 3, 1989, and June 30, 1991. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Preoperative fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction; proportions of patients waiting longer than the maximum period recommended for their urgency rating; mean waiting times for various subgroups; and correlations among referring physicians' urgency ratings, computer-generated multifactorial urgency scores and waiting times. RESULTS: Of the 496 patients accepted for a procedure 5 had fatal cardiac events and 3 nonfatal myocardial infarction. Events occurred three times more often in patients with left mainstem disease than in those in other anatomic categories (relative risk [RR] 3.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.48 to 6.27, p = 0.03). Both the computer-generated scores and the referring physicians' scores were correlated with the actual waiting time (r = 0.46 and 0.57 respectively). Waiting times and the proportion of patients with excessive waiting times fell during the study period (p < 0.0001). However, urgent cases were much less likely to be done "on time" than those with a recommended waiting time of more than 2 weeks (RR 0.16, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.25, p < 0.0001). The mean wait for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) was 22.73 days if the referral office was allowed to find a surgeon or interventional cardiologist and 35.31 days if one was requested (p = 0.002 after adjustment for urgency scores). CONCLUSIONS: Death of a patient on the waiting list is uncommon in an organized referral system. Patients with left main-stem disease are at higher risk of death than those in other anatomic categories. There were significant correlations between referring physicians' ratings of urgency, multifactorial urgency scores and actual waiting times. Expansion of capacity for CABG led to shorter waiting times, but patients with unstable symptoms continued to wait longer than recommended. Requests for a specific surgeon caused significantly longer delays.     

Queuing for coronary angiography during severe supply-demand mismatch in a US public hospital: analysis of a waiting list registry.

CONTEXT: Adverse cardiac events have been reported in patients waiting for either coronary surgery or angioplasty. However, data on the risk of adverse events while awaiting coronary angiography are limited, and none are available from a US population. OBJECTIVE: To quantify cardiac outcomes in patients waiting for elective coronary angiography. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Observational cohort study of 381 adult outpatients (mean [SD] age, 55 [12] years; 64% male; 61% white) on a waiting list for coronary angiography at a US tertiary care public teaching hospital during 1993-1994. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Rates of cardiac death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and hospitalizations for unstable angina or heart failure as a function of amount of time spent on a waiting list. RESULTS: Sixty-six patients were dropped from the waiting list but were included in the study analysis. During a mean (SD) follow-up of 8.4 (6.5) months, cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and hospitalization occurred in 6 (1.6%), 4 (1.0%), and 26 (6.8%) patients, respectively. The probability of events was minimal in the first 2 weeks and increased steadily between 3 and 13 weeks. By Cox multivariate analysis, 2 variables independently identified an increased risk of adverse events: a strongly positive treadmill exercise electrocardiogram or positive stress imaging result at referral (odds ratio [OR], 2.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.22-4.16; P=.01) and the use of 2 to 3 anti-ischemic medications (OR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.19-3.96; P=.04). Among 311 patients who ultimately underwent angiography, those with adverse events had a higher prevalence of coronary disease (96% vs 60%; P<.001), more frequently required revascularization (93% vs 53%; P<.001), and had longer hospital stays (mean [SD], 6.2 [4.3] vs 1.3 [0.7] days; P=.001). CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that in a cohort referred for coronary angiography, delaying the procedure places some patients at risk for death, myocardial infarction, unplanned hospitalization, a longer hospital stay, and, potentially, a poorer prognosis. Waits longer than 2 weeks should be avoided, and patients with strongly positive stress test results and those who require 2 to 3 anti-ischemic medications should be prioritized for early intervention.     

Association of noninvasive ventilation with nosocomial infections and survival in critically ill patients

CONTEXT: Invasive life-support techniques are a major risk factor for nosocomial infection. Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) can be used to avoid endotracheal intubation and may reduce morbidity among patients in intensive care units (ICUs). OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the use of NIV is associated with decreased risk of nosocomial infections and improved survival in everyday clinical practice among patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or hypercapnic cardiogenic pulmonary edema (CPE). DESIGN AND SETTING: Matched case-control study conducted in the medical ICU of a French university hospital from January 1996 through March 1998. PATIENTS: Fifty patients with acute exacerbation of COPD or severe CPE who were treated with NIV for at least 2 hours and 50 patients treated with mechanical ventilation between 1993 and 1998 (controls), matched on diagnosis, Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Logistic Organ Dysfunction score, age, and no contraindication to NIV. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Rates of nosocomial infections, antibiotic use, lengths of ventilatory support and of ICU stay, ICU mortality, compared between cases and controls. RESULTS: Rates of nosocomial infections and of nosocomial pneumonia were significantly lower in patients who received NIV than those treated with mechanical ventilation (18% vs 60% and 8% vs 22%; P<.001 and P =.04, respectively). Similarly, the daily risk of acquiring an infection (19 vs 39 episodes per 1000 patient-days; P =.05), proportion of patients receiving antibiotics for nosocomial infection (8% vs 26%; P =.01), mean (SD) duration of ventilation (6 [6] vs 10 [12] days; P =.01), mean (SD) length of ICU stay (9 [7] vs 15 [14] days; P =.02), and crude mortality (4% vs 26%; P =.002) were all lower among patients who received NIV than those treated with mechanical ventilation. CONCLUSIONS: Use of NIV instead of mechanical ventilation is associated with a lower risk of nosocomial infections, less antibiotic use, shorter length of ICU stay, and lower mortality. JAMA. 2000;284:2361-2367.     

腹腔镜微创手术对普外科平均住院日影响的研究

目的：为了评价微创技术在普外科应用对缩短平均住院日及降低成本和医疗费用的作用。方法：回顾性分析我院普外科从2000年至20008年6月的住院患者病例数据。结果：2000～2008年6月我院普外科的平均住院日从15.01天下降为7.39天。腹腔镜胆囊切除平均住院日由7.41天降为3.10天,腹腔镜胆囊切除患者的费用由2005年的10736.79元下降为2008年6月的7426.13元。腹腔镜结直肠癌手术的平均住院日腹腔镜组较开腹组相比下降3.1天;手术的高危患者比率增加;腹腔镜组总并发症的发生率降低;同时腹腔镜组较开腹组的护理时间减少486分钟。结论：通过流程改造和新技术的广泛使用,缩短了平均住院日,降低了医疗费用。     

微创小切口在全髋关节置换术中的运用

目的 探讨微创小切口进行全髋关节置换手术的优越性。方法 自2001年5月～2005年3月，采用小切口微创技术对109例患者116髋进行人工髋关节初次置换术。采取后外侧入路，切口长约7～9cm。结果全髋关节置换平均手术时间65min，术中、术后出血量平均为200mL，术后平均10d出院，平均住院日14d。术后未发现并发症。随访3～52个月，复查时患者能负重行走，照片未见人工关节松动。Harris评分由术前的平均54分(45～60分)提高到末次随访平均92分(85～96分)。结论 采用微创小切口技术行全髋关置换，具有创伤小、出血量少、损伤组织少，感染机会低、康复时间快、降低住院费用住院日等优点。     

Autologous versus allogeneic transfusion: patients'' perceptions and experiences

BACKGROUND: Preoperative autologous donation is one way to decrease a patient's exposure to allogeneic blood transfusion. This study was designed to determine patients' perceptions about the autologous blood donation process and their experiences with transfusion. METHODS: To assess patient perception, a questionnaire was administered a few days before surgery to patients undergoing elective cardiac and orthopedic surgery in a Canadian teaching hospital. All patients attending the preoperative autologous donation clinic during a 10-month period were eligible. A convenience sample of patients undergoing the same types of surgery who had not predonated blood were selected from preadmission clinics. Patient charts were reviewed retrospectively to assess actual transfusion practice in all cases. RESULTS: A total of 80 patients underwent cardiac surgery (40 autologous donors, 40 nondonors) and 73 underwent orthopedic surgery (38 autologous donors, 35 nondonors). Of the autologous donors, 75 (96%) attended all scheduled donation appointments, 73 (93%) said that they were "very likely" or "likely" to predonate again, and 75 (96%) said that they would recommend autologous donation to others. There was little difference in preoperative symptoms between the autologous donors and the nondonors, although the former were more likely than the latter to report that their overall health had remained the same during the month before surgery (30 [75%] v. 21 [52%] for the cardiac surgery patients and 30 [79%] v. 18 [51%] for the orthopedic surgery patients). When the autologous donors were asked what they felt their chances would have been of receiving at least one allogeneic blood transfusion had they not predonated, the median response was 80%. When they were asked what their chances were after predonating their own blood, the median response was 0%. The autologous donors were significantly less likely to receive allogeneic blood transfusions (6 [15%] for cardiac surgery and 3 [8%] for orthopedic surgery) than were the nondonors (14 [35%] for cardiac surgery and 16 [46%] for orthopaedic surgery). They were, however, more likely to receive any transfusion (autologous or allogeneic) than were the nondonors (25 [63%] v. 14 [35%] for cardiac surgery and 31 [81%] v. 16 [46%] for orthopedic surgery). INTERPRETATION: Patients who underwent preoperative autologous blood donation were positive about the experience and did not report more symptoms than patients who did not donate blood preoperatively. Autologous donors overestimated their chances of receiving allogeneic blood transfusions had they not predonated and underestimated their chances after they had predonated. They were less likely to receive allogeneic transfusions, but more likely to receive any type of transfusion, than were patients who did not predonate.     

Right heart catheterization and cardiac complications in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery: an observational study

CONTEXT: Right heart catheterization (RHC) is commonly performed before high-risk noncardiac surgery, but the benefit of this strategy remains unproven. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between use of perioperative RHC and postoperative cardiac complication rates in patients undergoing major noncardiac surgery. DESIGN: Prospective, observational cohort study. SETTING: Tertiary care teaching hospital in the United States. PATIENTS: Patients (n = 4059 aged >/=50 years) who underwent major elective noncardiac procedures with an expected length of stay of 2 or more days between July 18, 1989, and February 28, 1994. Two hundred twenty one patients had RHC and 3838 did not. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Combined end point of major postoperative cardiac events, including myocardial infarction, unstable angina, cardiogenic pulmonary edema, ventricular fibrillation, documented ventricular tachycardia or primary cardiac arrest, and sustained complete heart block, classified by a reviewer blinded to preoperative data. RESULTS: Major cardiac events occurred in 171 patients (4.2%). Patients who underwent perioperative RHC had a 3-fold increase in incidence of major postoperative cardiac events (34 [15.4%] vs 137 [3.6%]; P<.001). In multivariate analyses, the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for postoperative major cardiac and noncardiac events in patients undergoing RHC were 2.0 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3-3.2) and 2.1 (95% CI, 1.2-3.5), respectively. In a case-control analysis of a subset of 215 matched pairs of patients who did and did not undergo RHC, adjusted for propensity of RHC and type of procedure, patients who underwent perioperative RHC also had increased risk of postoperative congestive heart failure (OR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.4-6.2) and major noncardiac events (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.4-4.9). CONCLUSIONS: No evidence was found of reduction in complication rates associated with use of perioperative RHC in this population. Because of the morbidity and the high costs associated with RHC, the impact of this intervention in perioperative care should be evaluated in randomized trials.     

腹腔镜结直肠癌手术并发症12例处理体会

[目的]探讨腹腔镜结直肠癌手术并发症的处理。[方法]2008年6月—2011年6月开展的76例腹腔镜结直肠癌手术患者中,发生并发症者12例,发生率为15.79%,分别对并发症进行相应处理。[结果]12例中,高碳酸血症1例,出血3例,骶前神经损伤1例,前列腺损伤1例,均经保守治疗处理。肠破裂2例,瘘2例,在二次手术时予以修补、吻合后痊愈。切口感染2例,经换药后痊愈。所有手术患者均痊愈出院,无死亡病例。平均住院时间(12.6±4.3)d。[结论]充分的术前准备、手术中精细地操作,可以有效减少腹腔镜结直肠癌手术并发症的发生。     

经输尿管镜钬激光碎石日间手术的安全及质量评价

目的：探讨输尿管镜钬激光碎石术行日间手术的可行性。方法选择2015年10月至2016年4月于我院行输尿管镜钬激光碎石术的日间手术患者和住院手术患者各80例为研究对象,比较两组患者的等待手术时间、住院时间、住院费用、手术时间、术后麻醉并发症发生率和就医满意度。结果日间手术组与住院手术组患者的手术时间、术后麻醉并发症发生率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);日间手术组患者的等待手术时间、住院时间和住院费用分别为(3.26±0.65) h、(22.15±5.29) h、(4463.62±758.46)元,明显少于住院手术组的(22.47±4.62) h、(70.64±14.61) h和(7864.93±1206.35)元,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);日间手术组患者的就医满意度为61%,明显高于住院手术组的34%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论选择合适的输尿管镜下钬激光碎石患者,经充分术前准备及严格的术后管理,行日间手术是安全可行的,其能明显减少患者等待入院时间、住院时间以及住院费用,且患者就医满意度高。     

The Manitoba Cataract Waiting List Program

THIS ARTICLE DESCRIBES THE MANITOBA CATARACT WAITING LIST PROGRAM. This program uses a centralized database to track and prioritize all patients waiting for cataract surgery. It provides an objective and reliable measure of the length of the wait, and patients on the waiting list are treated in a more equitable fashion through application of a uniform method of prioritization. The program will allow for long-term tracking of quality of care through monitoring of the average length of wait for patients with comparable functional impairment. It will also allow for long-term monitoring of thresholds for surgery. It has brought to light previously undocumented issues, such as the simultaneous booking of both eyes for cataract surgery and variations in waiting time between surgeons.     

全电视辅助胸腔镜外科手术与电视胸腔镜辅助小切口开胸手术临床疗效的比较研究

目的比较全电视辅助胸腔镜外科手术(c-VATS)与电视胸腔镜辅助小切口开胸手术(VAMT)围手术期的临床疗效。方法将2010年3月至2011年8月该科完成的最初的60例c-VATS作为c-VATS组,同期完成的48例VAMT作为VAMT组,对两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、肺癌淋巴结清扫数目、术后胸腔引流管保留时间、ICU住院时间、术后镇痛时间及术后住院时间进行比较。结果 c-VATS组与VAMT组比较,患者的手术时间、术中出血量、肺癌淋巴结清扫数目、术后胸腔引流管保留时间的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),而c-VATS组患者ICU住院时间、术后镇痛时间及术后住院时间明显少于VAMT组(P<0.05)。结论与VAMT相比,c-VATS的术后疼痛更轻,恢复更快。     

非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术在80岁及以上患者中的临床应用

目的：总结80岁及以上非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术（off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting, OPCABG）患者的临床治疗经验,提高临床治疗效果。方法回顾性分析33例80岁及以上患者的临床资料,平均年龄（81.30±1.51）岁,择期行OPCABG手术。结果全组患者手术顺利,平均搭桥（2.94±0.97）根,手术时间（224.09±50.05）min,术后机械通气时间（1067.73 ±594.97）min,ICU滞留时间（3776.24±3269.34）min,术后住院天数（19.78±17.66）d。术后死亡2例,死亡率为6.1%,均为肺部感染引起的多脏器功能衰竭。1例患者胸骨哆开二次手术固定。26例患者随访4～24个月,死亡3例,其余患者恢复良好,无心肌缺血症状。结论80岁及以上OPCABG患者手术治疗效果总体满意,值得临床开展。     

快速康复护理在单操作孔全胸腔镜下肺癌完全切除术后的应用

目的 探讨快速康复护理在单操作孔全胸腔镜下肺癌完全切除术后的应用效果。方法 实验组采用快速康复外科的理念对2016年6月至2017年12月间的550例患者给予护理, 对照组回顾性分析2014年9月至2016年5月间500例患者的护理方法。2组患者均行单操作孔全胸腔镜下肺癌完全切除术。结果 2组患者均手术顺利, 无围手术期死亡病例, 实验组的术后第一次下床活动时间、术后平均住院时间、平均拔管时间、首次排气时间均短于对照组 (P <0.05) , 术后并发症发生75例显著低于对照组126例, 护理满意度95.1%显著高于对照组91% (P <0.05) 。结论 单操作孔创伤小, 手术时间, 拔管时间短, 对施行单操作孔全胸腔镜下肺癌完全切除术的患者实施快速康复护理措施, 可以缩短住院时间, 缩短第一次下床活动时间, 减轻患者疼痛, 提高护理满意度。     

The impact of the establishment of a surgical high dependency unit on management of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

Background

Our ability to maintain satisfactory levels of outcome after elective abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) surgery is increasingly strained by rising levels of co-morbidity in the presenting population. In this study we present a comparative outcome analysis of patients undergoing elective AAA surgery 18 months before and after the establishment of a surgical high dependency unit (HDU).

Methods

The preoperative status (ASA &; POSSUM scores), operative factors and postoperative outcomes as well as duration of stay were calculated for 104 patients undergoing elective AAA repair (57 prior to the HDU opening and 47 patients afterwards).

Results

Patients undergoing surgery in the latter period had significantly higher ASA (2.5±0.06 versus 2.7±0.7; p = 0.007), overall POSSUM (33.2±0.5 versus 35.5±0.8; p = 0.02) and physiological POSSUM (16.3±0.3 versus 15.5±0.2; p = 0.048) scores than those operated on prior to establishment of the HDU (data are mean±SEM; 2-tailed p-score).The two groups had similar total lengths of hospital stay (518 versus 534 days). However, following establishment of the HDU patients occupied fewer ICU bed days (110 versus 181). This resulted in a saving of 50,750.

Conclusion

The efficiency and quality of care following elective AAA surgery can be improved by provision of HDU step-down facilities without significantly increased expenditure.     

Organizational characteristics of intensive care units related to outcomes of abdominal aortic surgery

CONTEXT: Morbidity and mortality rates in intensive care units (ICUs) vary widely among institutions, but whether ICU structure and care processes affect these outcomes is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether organizational characteristics of ICUs are related to clinical and economic outcomes for abdominal aortic surgery patients who typically receive care in an ICU. DESIGN: Observational study, with patient data collected retrospectively and ICU data collected prospectively. SETTING: All Maryland hospitals that performed abdominal aortic surgery from 1994 to 1996. PATIENTS AND PARTICIPANTS: We analyzed hospital discharge data for patients in non-federal acute care hospitals in Maryland who had a principal procedure code for abdominal aortic surgery from January 1994 through December 1996 (n = 2987). We obtained information about ICU organizational characteristics by surveying ICU medical directors at the 46 Maryland hospitals that performed abdominal aortic surgery. Thirty-nine (85%) of the ICU directors completed this survey. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: In-hospital mortality and hospital and ICU length of stay. RESULTS: For patients undergoing abdominal aortic surgery, in-hospital mortality varied among hospitals from 0% to 66%. In multivariate analysis adjusted for patient demographics, comorbid disease, severity of illness, hospital and surgeon volume, and hospital characteristics, not having daily rounds by an ICU physician was associated with a 3-fold increase in in-hospital mortality (odds ratio [OR], 3.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.9-4.9). Furthermore, not having daily rounds by an ICU physician was associated with an increased risk of cardiac arrest (OR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.2-7.0), acute renal failure (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.3-3.9), septicemia (OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.2-2.6), platelet transfusion (OR, 6.4; 95% CI, 3.2-12.4), and reintubation (OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.0-4.1). Not having daily rounds by an ICU physician, having an ICU nurse-patient ratio of less than 1:2, not having monthly review of morbidity and mortality, and extubating patients in the operating room were associated with increased resource use. CONCLUSIONS: Organizational characteristics of ICUs are related to differences among hospitals in outcomes of abdominal aortic surgery. Clinicians and hospital leaders should consider the potential impact of ICU organizational characteristics on outcomes of patients having high-risk operations.     

围术期应用氨溴索对胸腔镜下肺叶切除术后肺癌患者的作用

目的：探讨围术期静脉给予大剂量盐酸氨溴索注射液对胸腔镜下肺叶切除术后肺癌患者的肺功能、术后 并发症、术后住院时间和总住院费用的影响。方法：采用随机对照试验设计,选取中南大学湘雅医院心胸外科2011 年5月至2012年5月行胸腔镜下肺叶切除术的肺癌患者60例分为两组：氨溴素处理组(n=30)和空白对照组(n=30)。氨 溴素处理组自手术当日至术后3 d静脉给予盐酸氨溴索注射液1 000 mg/d;空白对照组则在相应的时间段静脉给予 相同体积的生理盐水。采集并比较两组术前一般资料、术中情况、手术前后的肺功能和血气分析结果、术后早期 并发症、机械通气时间、ICU时间、术后住院时间和总住院费用。结果：两组术前一般资料、术中情况具有可比 性。氨溴素处理组和空白对照组在手术后,第1秒用力呼气容积占预计值百分比(the percent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second,FEV1%)、第1秒用力呼气容积占用力肺活量百分比(the ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second to forced vital capacity,FEV1/FVC%)、一氧化碳弥散量占预计值百分比(the percent predicted diusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide,DLCO%)、动脉血氧分压(PaO2)比手术前均有下降;而空白对照组比氨溴素处理组的下降更明显 (P<0.05)。与空白对照组相比,氨溴素处理组肺部并发症明显减少;术后机械通气时间、ICU时间和术后住院时间明 显缩短;总住院费用显著降低(P<0.05)。结论：围术期静脉给予接受胸腔镜下肺叶切除术的肺癌患者大剂量盐酸氨溴 索注射液,可以改善患者术后肺功能,减少肺部并发症的发生,缩短术后住院时间,降低总住院费用。