经尿道绿激光汽化联合术中黏膜下多点注射吉西他滨治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱癌临床观察

目的 探讨经尿道膀胱肿瘤绿激光汽化联合术中黏膜下多点注射吉西他滨治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱癌的临床疗效及预后.方法 选取2012年3月-2013年11月收治的105例非肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者,采用简单随机分组的方式,经尿道绿激光汽化结合术中黏膜下注射吉西他滨(经尿道绿激光汽化组)38例、经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术联合术中黏膜下注射吉西他滨(经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术组)25例、经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术联合术后即刻膀胱灌注吉西他滨(对照组)42例.采用电话结合门诊随访方式,随访时间为2年,对3种治疗方式的疗效及预后进行比较,并对3组患者治疗后的生活质量做出评价.结果 105例患者手术均成功,31例复发,其中经尿道绿激光汽化组7例(18.4％)、经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术组6例(24％)、对照组18例(42.9％).3组在原手术区域肿瘤复发率分别为2.6％、8％、19.0％,首例出现肿瘤进展的时间为12个月、10个月、6个月,无进展生存率分别为94.7％(36/38)、92％(23/25)、83.3％ (35/42).3组患者治疗后的躯体功能、心理功能、社会功能、物质生活4个维度的得分差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 经尿道绿激光汽化结合术中黏膜下多点注射吉西他滨治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱癌,操作简单、安全、并发症少,有效降低了肿瘤复发率,值得在临床上推广应用.     

钬激光膀胱肿瘤切除术疗效的临床研究

目的：探讨经尿道钬激光膀胱肿瘤切除术与经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术对非肌浸润性膀胱肿瘤复发率的影响。方法选择2006年1月至2013年9月间,有完整临床及随访资料的100例非肌层浸润性膀胱尿路上皮肿瘤患者,非随机分为2组,每组各50例,分别行经尿道钬激光膀胱肿瘤切除术及电切术,两种手术方法及术后处理分别采用统一的标准,根据术后病理分类,其中经尿道钬激光手术组,低危、中危、高危分别为29例、13例、8例,经尿道电切手术组,低危、中危及高危分别为26例、14例、10例,对术后复发率进行比较。结果随访6~84个月,中位时间35个月,钬激光手术组低危患者复发率10.3%,中危患者复发率23.1%,高危患者复发率37.5%,电切手术组低危患者复发率19.2%,中危患者复发率28.6%,高危患者复发率40%。两组低、中危组复发率有明显差异（P＜0.05）,高危患者复发率无明显差异（P＆gt;0.05）。结论经尿道钬激光膀胱肿瘤切除术效果好,在低、中危膀胱肿瘤患者治疗中复发率优于电切术,高危患者有相似的疗效,可替代电切术成为新的标准方式。     

经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术与部分膀胱切除术治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱肿瘤效果分析

目的分析经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术与部分膀胱切除术治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱肿瘤的效果。方法随机将107例非肌层浸润性膀胱肿瘤患者分为2组。对照组53例给予部分膀胱切除术,观察组54例给予经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术。比较2组疗效。结果观察组手术时间、术中出血量、留置导尿管时间、并发症发生率、住院时间及术后1a复发率均短于或低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱肿瘤,能显著减少手术时间、术中出血量、尿管留置时间及住院时间,安全性高,复发率低。     

高危非肌层浸润膀胱尿路上皮癌术后再活检和电切的临床意义

目的 探讨术后再活检和电切术可否减少高危非肌层浸润膀胱尿路上皮癌的复发和进展.方法 高危非肌层浸润膀胱尿路上皮癌123例,经尿道电切术后4～6周进行再活检或电切52例,同期未行再次电切而常规随访71例,比较2组患者肿瘤复发和进展情况.结果 再活榆或电切的52例中,发现残存肿瘤28例(54%),其中肌层浸润肿瘤5例,行膀胱全切治疗2例、患者拒绝行膀胱全切3例.随访12～43个月,中位时间27个月,肿瘤复发24例(48%),进展为肌层浸润肿瘤10例(20%);常规随访组肿瘤复发49例(69%),肿瘤进展23例(32%).2组患者肿瘤复发率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),肿瘤进展率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05).结论 首次电切术后再活检和电切可以降低高危非肌层浸润膀胱尿路上皮癌的复发率,但不能减少肿瘤进展的风险.     

经尿道电切术治疗膀胱肿瘤临床分析

目的探讨经尿道电切术治疗膀胱肿瘤的体会。方法对44例膀胱肿瘤患者行经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术,观察患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后并发症及随访复发情况,观察是否复发。结果患者均成功完成手术,平均手术时间32.80 min。术中无发生大出血、膀胱穿孔,术后未出现、切口感染、电切综合征等并发症。患者均获随访1年,复发率为15.91%(7/44),其中5例再次经尿道气化电切术治愈,其余2例进行膀胱全切除术。结论经尿道电切术手术治疗浅表性膀胱肿瘤创伤小、恢复快和术后并发症少、复发率低,值得临床应用。     

经尿道电切术治疗中晚期浸润性膀胱癌的探讨

目的 探讨经尿道电切术治疗中晚期浸润性膀胱癌的疗效.方法 对81例中晚期膀胱癌患者施行了经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术(TURBT),手术参照根治性TURBT原则,切除深度均达深肌层或膀胱壁外脂肪层,术后给予卡介苗(BCG)膀胱灌注化疗或放疗,随访3～24个月.结果 复发32例,复发率39.5%(32/81),对复发者再次行TURBT.死亡18例,死亡率22.2%(18/81).结论 对年老体弱不能耐受或不愿意接受膀胱全切的中晚期膀胱癌患者可施行TURBT,以达到延长生命,提高生活质量的目的 .     

经尿道汽化电切术治疗浅表性膀胱癌25例

目的探讨经尿道汽化电切术治疗浅表性膀胱肿瘤的疗效。方法对25例浅表性膀胱癌患者行经尿道汽化电切术治疗。结果23例膀胱肿瘤1次切除,2例较大的多发性膀胱肿瘤分2次切除,随访1-24个月,肿瘤复发6例。结论经尿道汽化电切术治疗浅表性膀胱肿瘤具有手术简单、损伤小、出血少、恢复快、疗效好等优点。     

二次电切在高危非肌层浸润膀胱癌治疗中的作用

目的探讨二次电切对高危非肌层浸润膀胱尿路上皮癌复发和进展的作用。方法高危非肌层浸润膀胱尿路上皮癌患者150例,在首次经尿道电切术后6周进行第二次经尿道电切78例(二次电切组),同期未行再次电切而常规治疗随访72例(常规随访组),比较2组患者的肿瘤复发和进展情况。结果二次电切的78例患者中,发现残存肿瘤者17例(21.8%),其中残存肌层浸润肿瘤者6例(7.7%)。随访12~54个月(中位时间33个月),二次电切组的肿瘤复发率和进展率分别为37.5%(27例)和18.1%(13例),未行二次电切组则分别为66.7%(48例)和20.8%(15例)。二次电切组的肿瘤复发率较低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),但两组进展为肌层浸润肿瘤的差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。首次电切术后半年内两组患者肿瘤复发率的差异有显著统计学意义(P0.01);而首次术后半年后,两组患者肿瘤复发率的差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论高危非肌层浸润膀胱癌在首次电切术后进行二次电切可降低肿瘤复发率,但不能减少肿瘤进展的风险。     

经尿道电切联合沙培林黏膜下注射治疗浅表性膀胱肿瘤的临床研究

目的 探讨经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术联合沙培林膀胱黏膜下注射治疗浅表性膀胱肿瘤的疗效.方法 将85例膀胱肿瘤患者分为两组(A组和B组),A组42例,B组43例,两组均行经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术,A组另用5KE沙培林溶于50ml0.9％ Nacl溶液行膀胱黏膜下注射.两组术后均行沙培林膀胱灌注,膀胱内灌注保留2h,每周1次,连续8周,以后每月灌一次,连续10个月.根据随访结果对两种方法的疗效进行评价.结果 A组平均随访24个月,B组平均随访26个月.A组随访期内复发4例(9.52％),B组随访期内复发16例(37.2％),A组复发率与B组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 经尿道电切联合沙培林黏膜下注射可减少膀胱肿瘤复发,操作简单,安全有效.     

初发T1G3膀胱尿路上皮癌行膀胱全切还是保留膀胱手术?

目的 比较根治性膀胱全切与保留膀胱手术治疗初发T1G3膀胱尿路上皮癌的临床效果.方法 初发T1G3膀胱尿路上皮癌患者113例.男91例,女22例.年龄27～88岁,平均64岁.初次治疗保留膀胱患者81例,行根治性膀胱全切患者32例.采用Kaplan-Meier生存分析及log-rank检验比较2组患者5年总生存率及肿瘤特异性生存率.结果 初次治疗保留膀胱患者81例中行经尿道肿瘤电切术74例、膀胱部分切除7例,术后随访6～140个月,平均64个月,术后5年总生存率为64.2%(52/81),肿瘤特异性生存率为77.8%(63/81).根治性膀胱全切治疗32例,术后随访4～141个月,平均62个月.术后5年总生存率为59.4%(19/32),肿瘤特异性生存率为75.0%(24/32).2组术后5年总生存率及肿瘤特异性生存率比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 保留膀胱手术或根治性膀胱全切治疗初发T1G3膀胱癌,5年总生存率和肿瘤特异性生存率差异无统计学意义.膀胱全切治疗初发T1G3膀胱肿瘤至少有50%的病例有过度治疗的可能.     

Long-term results of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy for stage T1 superficial bladder cancer

OBJECTIVES: To examine in a prospective study the incidence of recurrence and progression in patients with Stage T1 bladder carcinoma after complete transurethral resection of the bladder tumor and adjuvant immunotherapy with bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). METHODS: Between July 1987 and April 1999, 126 patients presenting to our clinic with a superficial urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (Stage pT1, grade 1-3) received adjuvant intravesical immunotherapy with BCG after complete transurethral resection of the bladder tumor. In the case of recurrence of superficial tumor (pTa, pT1, or carcinoma in situ), patients received a second cycle of BCG. For muscle-invasive tumor progression (pT2, pT3, or pT4), radical cystectomy was recommended. Six of the patients (5%) presented with Stage pT1,G1 tumor, 74 (59%) with Stage pT1,G2 tumor, and 46 patients (36%) with Stage pT1,G3 tumor. Median follow-up was 53 months (range 3 to 144). RESULTS: One hundred eight patients (86%) remained tumor-free with a retained bladder during the follow-up after one or two 6-week cycles of BCG. Twenty-four patients (19%) had a recurrence of superficial tumor, 13 (10%) had muscle-invasive progression after the first BCG cycle, and an additional 4 (3%) had progression after the second BCG cycle. Six patients (5%) underwent radical cystectomy, and 9 patients (7%) died as a result of tumor progression. The tumor-free survival rate of all patients was 89% (112 of 126). CONCLUSIONS: Adjuvant immunotherapy with BCG after complete transurethral resection of the bladder tumor represents a highly effective primary treatment for Stage T1 carcinoma of the bladder. Even in Stage pT1,G3 tumor, immediate radical cystectomy does not appear necessary.     

T2a transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: long-term experience with intravesical immunoprophylaxis with bacillus Calmette-Guerin

PURPOSE: In this prospective study we evaluate the effect of combined transurethral resection of early muscle invasive bladder cancer and immunotherapy with bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) in patients unfit for radical cystectomy or refusing more aggressive therapies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 22 patients with a mean age 73.6 years were included in the study. Inclusion criteria were histologically proven muscle invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder with a tumor-free second resection and negative staging examinations in patients unfit for radical cystectomy or refusing more aggressive therapies. All patients received 6 weekly instillations of 120 mg. BCG starting 14 to 21 days after the last transurethral resection of the tumor. Followup at 3 months included cystoscopy, urinary cytology, ultrasound of the abdomen and chest x-ray. Every 6 months computerized tomography of the abdomen and bone scans were performed. RESULTS: The overall 5-year survival rate was 69.1%, while the disease specific 5-year survival rate was 94%. One muscle invasive recurrence was noted at 69 months, which was again treated with the same regimen but ultimately led to radical cystectomy 21 months later. One patient died of progressive recurrence in the upper urinary tract. The 5-year recurrence-free survival rate was 46.5%. The only severe complication was BCG pneumonitis. CONCLUSIONS: The data show encouraging results for transurethral resection of bladder tumor with intravesical BCG therapy in select patients with T2a bladder cancer who are not candidates for radical cystectomy.     

新辅助动脉化疗在肌层浸润性大体积膀胱癌保留膀胱治疗中的价值

目的评估术前新辅助动脉化疗联合经尿道手术在直径超过3cm的肌层浸润性膀胱癌保留膀胱治疗的临床价值。方法对于较大体积(直径3cm)的28例肌层浸润性膀胱肿瘤(T2N0M0~T4aN0M0)采用新辅助动脉化疗联合手术治疗,观察动脉化疗效果,分析肿瘤降期率、保留膀胱率、肿瘤复发率,Kaplan-Meier法计算总体生存率、无肿瘤复发生存率,并绘制生存曲线。结果 26例(92.9%)患者动脉化疗有效,肿瘤可见明显缩小,经3~5次动脉介入治疗后行经尿道切除术+膀胱灌注完成保留膀胱治疗;动脉化疗无效2例,立即行根治性全膀胱切除术。26例完成保留膀胱治疗的患者,术后肿瘤病理分期降低19例(73.1%),无变化为7例。肿瘤复发8例(复发率为30.8%),其中,浅表性复发5例,局部浸润性复发2例,远处转移1例。28例患者总体生存率:3年69%,5年62.1%。无肿瘤复发生存率:5年44.07%。最终25例患者得到保留膀胱(保留膀胱率89.3%)。结论直径3cm的较大体积浸润性膀胱肿瘤采用术前新辅助动脉化疗治疗,可使肿瘤降期降级及体积缩小,有利于经尿道完全切除,可有效提高患者生存率,同时保留了膀胱,大大提高患者生存质量,对不愿或不宜行膀胱全切的患者是一个理想的选择。     

Stellen wir die Indikation zur radikalen Zystektomie immer zeitgerecht?

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to examine how the survival rates for patients with muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma are influenced by the tumor stage at initial presentation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study examined the clinical course of 452 patients who underwent radical cystectomy for bladder carcinoma from 1992 to 2004. The patients were divided into three groups according to the histological results of the initial and final transurethral tumor resection (TURB). In group 1 (n=114) patients who presented with a superficial bladder carcinoma which had a high likelihood of progressing underwent radical cystectomy. Group 2 included (n=92) patients who displayed a superficial tumor stage when they first presented and developed progressive muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma under conservative treatment. Group 3 (n=246) comprised patients who were already at the muscle-invasive tumor stage in the course of primary TURB. The histopathological characteristics of all transurethral tumor resections and radical cystectomy were recorded. Progression-free survival rates and overall survival rates in the three groups were then compared. RESULTS: The average patient age at cystectomy was 64.3 (35-80) years, and the average follow-up period was 49 months. Progression-free survival and overall survival of all 452 patients were 56.1 and 53.6%, respectively, after 5 years. The best outcome was a progression-free 5-year survival rate of 78.4% with organ-confined, lymph node-negative tumors (n=213). This result was statistically significant (p<0.01) compared with the progression-free 5-year survival rate of 42.3% for non-organ-confined, lymph node-negative tumors (n=112). Lymph node-positive patients (n=127) achieved a progression-free 5-year survival rate of 29.0% regardless of the tumor infiltration. Group 1 patients achieved a progression-free survival rate of 71.3% and an overall survival rate of 69.1% after 5 years. Group 2 patients achieved a progression-free survival rate of 52.9% and an overall survival rate of 51.4% after 5 years. Group 3 patients achieved a progression-free survival and overall survival of 50.2% and 47.1%, respectively, after 5 years. There was no significant difference between groups 2 and 3 with regard to their progression-free or overall survival rates (p>0.45). However, both groups displayed significantly poorer progression-free and overall survival rates compared with group 1 (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: Our results show that patients with superficial bladder carcinoma with tumor progression to muscle invasion do not have a better prognosis after radical cystectomy than patients presenting initially with muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma. Survival rates in this group can only be improved by singling out patients on the basis of risk factors at an earlier stage and carrying out cystectomy. Due to these results we must expect that waiting for a muscle invasion in patients with superficial bladder carcinoma with a high risk profile results in a significant impairment of prognosis.     

Second resection and prognosis of primary high risk superficial bladder cancer: is cystectomy often too early?

PURPOSE: We evaluated the prognostic significance of a second transurethral resection in patients with moderately and poorly differentiated T1 bladder cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 47 patients with primary T1 bladder cancer were evaluated. A second transurethral resection was performed in 42 patients in case of moderately or poorly differentiated T1 bladder tumor or concomitant carcinoma in situ in the first resection. Five patients underwent immediate cystectomy due to large, multifocal and moderately or poorly differentiated pT1 disease. RESULTS: Of the 42 patients who underwent repeat resection 15 (36%) had no tumors. Up staging and change of treatment strategy due to the result of the second resection occurred in 10 (24%) cases. Mean followup was 60 months. An R0 second resection correlated with a 33% recurrence rate at followup compared with 57%, 75% and 87.5% in patients with pTa, Tis and T1 residual tumor, respectively, in the second resection. The rate of organ preservation was also related to the result of the second resection with 100% organ preservation in patients with no tumor in the second procedure. After immediate radical cystectomy 3 of 5 patients died during followup due to disease progression. Of this group 2 patients survived without clinical or radiological signs of disease progression. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge residual tumor after the first transurethral resection is a fact in bladder cancer treatment. The second transurethral resection offers the possibility to preserve the bladder. Furthermore, residual disease can be detected and removed in due time. In case of up staging to muscle infiltrating tumor, cystectomy is the next therapeutic step.     

Survival rates after radical cystectomy according to tumor stage of bladder carcinoma at first presentation

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to establish to what extent the survival rates of muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma are influenced by the tumor stage at initial presentation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study examined the clinical course of 230 patients who underwent radical cystectomy for bladder carcinoma from 1992 to 2002. The patients were divided into three groups according to the histological results of the initial and final transurethral tumor resection (TURB). In group 1 (n = 41) radical cystectomy was carried out for a superficial bladder carcinoma which had a high likelihood of progressing. Group 2 (n = 57) consisted of patients who displayed a superficial tumor stage when they first presented and developed progressive muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma under conservative treatment. Group 3 (n = 132) was made up of patients who were already at the muscle-invasive tumor stage in the course of primary TURB. The histopathological characteristics of all transurethral tumor resections and radical cystectomy were recorded. Progression-free survival and overall survival in the three groups were then compared. RESULTS: The average patient age when cystectomy was carried out was 63.9 (35-80) years and the average follow-up period was 38 months. An average of 2.3 (1-16) transurethral tumor resections were carried out before radical cystectomy (median = 1). Progression-free survival and overall survival of all 230 patients was 54 and 50%, respectively, after 5 years. The best result was a 74% progression-free 5-year survival rate with organ-confined lymph node-negative tumors (n = 106) which was statistically significant (p = 0.0004) compared to the progression-free 5-year survival rate of 50% for non-organ-confined, lymph node-negative tumors (n = 64). Lymph node-positive patients achieved a progression-free survival rate of 21% after 5 years regardless of the tumor infiltration. Patients in group 1 achieved a progression-free 5-year survival rate of 77% and an overall survival rate of 63% after 5 years. In group 2 patients achieved a progression-free survival rate of 51% after 5 years and an overall survival rate of 50%. In the case of primary muscle invasion (group 3), progression-free survival and overall survival were 49 and 46%, respectively, after 5 years. There was no significant difference between groups 2 and 3 with regard to their progression-free or overall survival rates (p > 0.35). However, both groups displayed a significantly poorer progression-free and overall survival rate compared with group 1 (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Our results show that superficial bladder carcinoma with tumor progress to muscle invasion does not have a better prognosis after radical cystectomy than initial muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma. Survival rates in this group can only be improved by singling out patients on the basis of risk factors at an earlier stage and carrying out a cystectomy.     

保留膀胱综合方法治疗肌层浸润性膀胱癌的疗效评价

目的探索保留膀胱手术＋膀胱内灌注化疗＋动脉灌注化疗治疗浸润性膀胱癌的临床疗效。方法 2003年5月至2012年2月,对经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切或膀胱部分切除后确诊为肌层浸润性膀胱癌（T2N0M0）的56例保留膀胱的患者,给予动脉灌注化疗加膀胱灌注化疗。结果 56例患者均获得随访,随访6～98个月,平均（36.0±3.2）个月,53例（94.6%）患者无复发及转移,3例（5.4%）分别在术后6、8、12复发,复发患者均给于全膀胱切除术,无死亡病例,没有明显并发症。结论保留膀胱手术后确诊的肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者,采用经髂内动脉灌注化疗＋膀胱内灌注化疗的联合治疗方法,能有效减少肿瘤复发,显著降低静脉化疗的副作用,提高患者的生活质量,患者易于接受,值得进一步探讨。     

Recurrence and progression of T1G3 transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder treated with intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin

OBJECTIVE: To examine the incidence of recurrence and progression in patients with stage T1, grade-3 carcinoma of the bladder treated with endovesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) after complete transurethral resection. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From May 1995 to June 2002, 937 patients with superficial bladder cancer underwent transurethral resection. 46 patients (4.9%) had T1G3 tumors. All patients received endovesical BCG therapy 2-3 weeks after transurethral resection, given in 6 sessions as weekly instillations of 120 ml Pasteur strain BCG in 50 ml saline. Success was defined by normal cytology and cystoscopy, and normal bladder biopsies. Recurrent tumors were resected and a second or third cycle of therapy was given according to pathological status. Progressive tumors were managed by radical cystectomy, radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy depending on the nature of the tumor or clinical status of the patient. RESULTS: During follow-up 60.7% of the patients (28 of 46) remained tumor free after only 1 BCG cycle and 73.9% (34 of 46) after the third BCG cycle, and the bladder was preserved in all. Muscle-invasive progression was noted in 10 (21.7%) patients at the end of the BCG cycles. Radical cystectomy was done in 10 patients. The tumor-free survival rate of all patients including those who underwent cystectomy is 84.8% (39 of 46) with a median follow-up of 61 (range 39-118) months. CONCLUSION: Adjuvant immunotherapy with BCG after complete transurethral resection of the bladder tumor represents a highly effective treatment for bladder preservation in stage pT1, grade-3 carcinoma of the bladder. pT1G3 tumors with early high-grade recurrence after failed immunotherapy should be regarded as candidates for early radical cystectomy.     

5-ALA荧光膀胱镜的应用对非肌层浸润性膀胱癌早期复发率的影响

目的：探讨5-氨基乙酰丙酸（5-ALA）荧光膀胱镜的应用对非肌层浸润性膀胱癌术后早期复发率的影响。方法：将90例非肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者随机分为两组,每组45例,分别在白光膀胱镜和5-ALA荧光膀胱镜下行TURBt,术后6周所有患者均行5-ALA荧光膀胱镜检查以观察肿瘤复发情况,并对复发肿瘤行二次TURBt。结果：行二次TURBt后,90例患者中,25例（27．7％）发现有肿瘤发生,其中自光膀胱镜组18例（40％）,荧光膀胱镜组7例（15．5％）,两组间比较差异有统计学意义（P=0．05）。结论：5=ALA荧光膀胱镜对膀胱肿瘤的诊断和治疗具有较高价值,可以显著降低非肌层浸润性膀胱癌术后早期复发率。     

Recurrence and progression in stage T1G3 bladder tumour with intravesical bacille Calmette-Guérin (Danish 1331 strain)

OBJECTIVE: To report recurrence and progression rates in patients with T1G3 superficial bladder carcinoma treated with intravesical bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG, Danish 1331 strain) after complete transurethral resection. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Data from the records of 111 patients with T1G3 bladder carcinoma treated between January 1991 and December 1999 were analysed for recurrence, progression, salvage therapy and survival. RESULTS: Of the 111 patients with T1G3 bladder tumours, 69 had intravesical BCG therapy, 20 radical cystectomy and 22 only transurethral resection (TUR). Of the 69 patients receiving BCG therapy 37 (54%) had no recurrence, and 24 (35%) had a recurrence that was not muscle-invasive (Ta/T1) and were treated with TUR only. The remaining eight (12%) progressed to muscle invasion and had salvage cystectomy. During the follow-up six patients died, four from disease and three from other causes, while the remaining 63 are alive and well. Of the other 42 patients, 15 are alive after radical cystectomy and 18 after TUR. CONCLUSION: This series further confirms the benefits of intravesical BCG (Danish 1331) in an adjuvant setting; furthermore, this treatment facilitates bladder preservation by reducing recurrences and delaying the progression in many patients.