ADMA对内皮生长晕细胞凋亡及其相关p38丝裂素活化蛋白激酶表达的影响

目的:探讨非对称性二甲基精氨酸(ADMA)对内皮生长晕细胞(EOCs)凋亡和黏附能力的影响以及凋亡相关p38丝裂素活化蛋白激酶(p38MAPK)表达水平的变化。方法:分离脐血中单个核细胞并原代培养扩增内皮生长晕细胞,免疫细胞化学染色和荧光染色法鉴定其内皮细胞特性。将浓度为0、1、5、10、30μmol/L ADMA与内皮生长晕细胞作用48 h,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率,DAPI染色及AnnexinV/PI双染观察凋亡细胞核形态变化。在倒置显微镜下观察计数重黏附细胞数来测定细胞黏附能力。用特异性的phospho-p38MAPK抗体的W esternb lotting检测p38MAPK的活性。结果:采用贴壁法培养的细胞具有多种内皮细胞特性。ADMA(1-30μmol/L)诱导内皮生长晕细胞的凋亡(P0.01),同时ADMA(5-30μmol/L)使phospho-p38MAPK蛋白表达增加,两者作用均呈浓度依赖性。ADMA作用组和对照组相比,激光共聚焦显微镜下可见更显著的细胞凋亡形态学改变。除1μmol/L ADMA外,5、10、30μmol/L ADMA均可抑制内皮生长晕细胞的黏附能力。结论:ADMA能诱导内皮生长晕细胞发生凋亡并抑制其黏附能力,ADMA诱导内皮生长晕细胞发生凋亡可能与p38 MAPK磷酸化水平上升有关。     

p38γMAPK蛋白在结肠癌组织中的表达及临床意义

目的探讨人结肠癌中p38γMAPK蛋白的表达及其临床意义。方法应用免疫组织化学法检测54例结肠癌组织、近癌旁组织、癌周正常组织和15例腺瘤息肉组织中p38γ蛋白的表达情况。结果p38γ蛋白的表达主要定位于胞质中,仅少量在胞核中表达。p38γ蛋白在结肠癌组织、癌旁组织、癌周正常组织中的高表达率分别为75.93%、51.85%、37.04%,在结肠腺瘤息肉组织中高表达率为33.33%。p38γ蛋白在结肠癌中的表达明显高于癌旁组织、癌周正常组织和腺瘤息肉组织,有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。p38γ的表达与Duke分期,组织分化程度及有无淋巴结转移有显著差异（P〈0.01）,p38γ的表达与年龄、性别、肿瘤大小、肿瘤位置无明显相关（P〉0.05）。结论结肠癌组织中p38γ蛋白处于过度表达状态,与结肠癌的发生、发展和转移密切相关。     

糖皮质激素通过抑制p38MAPK信号通路缓解大鼠内毒素性急性肺损伤

目的： 研究糖皮质激素对内毒素导致的急性肺损伤的影响及作用机制。方法: 成年雄性SD大鼠被随机分为6组：对照组（control 组,n=6）;LPS组（n=24）;地塞米松＋LPS组（Dex＋LPS组,n=24）;糖皮质激素受体拮抗剂RU486组（RU486组,n=6）;RU486+LPS组（n=24）以及RU486＋Dex＋LPS组（n=24）。除对照组和RU486组外,其余4组在注射LPS后1、3、6、12 h又被分为4个亚组。分别检测各组大鼠支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）中TNF-α和IL-6的浓度,肺组织的病理变化,以及肺组织中p38MAPK的活化状态和MKP-1的表达情况。另外又分别比较了LPS组与RU486＋LPS组、Dex＋LPS组与RU486＋Dex＋LPS组大鼠48 h的死亡率。结果: 注射LPS后,BALF中TNF-α 和IL-6的浓度明显升高（P<0.05）,HE染色显示肺组织内广泛炎症反应。而这些现象在应用RU486后变得更加严重,并且RU486＋LPS组的死亡率也明显高于LPS组(P<0.05)。地塞米松能明显缓解LPS导致的肺损伤,糖皮质激素受体(GR)参与此作用。另外,在注射LPS后,肺组织中磷酸化的p38MAPK的表达明显升高,而MKP-1的表达则明显受到抑制。地塞米松能显著降低p38MAPK的磷酸化,这一作用也是GR依赖的。结论: 糖皮质激素活化GR诱导肺组织中MKP-1的表达,进而抑制p38MAPK的活化,从而发挥其抗炎作用,缓解LPS诱导的肺损伤。     

异丙酚抑制脂多糖致大鼠脑损伤时p38 MAPK的活化

目的: 观察异丙酚对脂多糖(LPS)致大鼠脑损伤时脑组织p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(p38 MAPK)和诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)活化的影响。 方法: SD大鼠,雌雄不限,随机分为3组(n=24):对照组(C组)、LPS组(LPS组)和LPS+异丙酚组(LPS+P组),LPS组经左颈内动脉注射LPS(1 mg/kg)建立LPS性脑损伤模型,LPS+P组在给予LPS后立即通过腹腔注射给予异丙酚(100 mg/kg),C组给予等容量生理盐水。分别于注射异丙酚后6、24 、48和72 h处死6只大鼠,取大脑皮质组织,测定脑组织含水量、磷酸化p38 MAPK和iNOS表达水平,光镜下观察脑组织形态及病理变化。 结果: 与C组比较,LPS组各时点脑组织含水量升高,脑组织磷酸化p38 MAPK和iNOS表达水平均于6 h开始增加,24 h达高峰,48 h及72 h各指标仍高于C组(P<0.05);与LPS组相比,LPS+P组脑组织含水量、磷酸化p38 MAPK和iNOS的表达水平降低(P<0.05)。脑组织含水量与磷酸化p38 MAPK、iNOS水平呈正相关(r=0.603,r=0.727, P<0.05)。LPS+P组脑组织病理学损伤轻于LPS组。 结论: 异丙酚可减轻LPS所致的大鼠脑损伤,其机制可能与异丙酚抑制脑组织p38 MAPK活化,下调iNOS的表达,进而减轻炎性反应有关。     

p38MAPK信号传导通路在人绒毛滋养层细胞EMMPRIN表达和体外侵袭中的作用

目的 研究人绒毛滋养层细胞中调节细胞外基质金属蛋白酶诱导因子（EMMPRIN）表达的信号通路及p38MAPK信号通路在滋养细胞体外侵袭中的作用.方法 体外无血清培养人绒毛滋养细胞,分别加入p38MAPK抑制剂（SB203580）,JNK抑制剂（SP600125）,ERK抑制剂（PD098059）,用RT-PCR及Western blot方法观察阻断剂对EMMPRIN表达的影响.用不同浓度的佛波酯（PMA）作用于滋养细胞,ELISA方法检测滋养细胞中p38MAPK的活性变化,用transwell细胞侵入系统检测滋养细胞的侵袭作用;加入不同浓度的SB203580,观察阻断剂对滋养细胞侵袭性的影响.结果 JNK抑制剂、ERK抑制剂对滋养细胞分泌EMMPRIN无影响,p38MAPK抑制剂以时间剂量依赖的方式抑制滋养细胞表达EMMPRIN,SB203580浓度为5、10、15及20μmol/L作用24h后,EMMPIRN的抑制率分别为7.3%、24.6%、31.8%及39%;加入10μmol/L的SB203580培养24h后即可抑制EMMPRIN基因和蛋白的表达,抑制率为22%,培养48h和72h抑制率分别为45%和76%.向培养的细胞中加入浓度为0.1、1、10mmol/L的PMA作用30min,PMA以时间剂量依赖的方式激活p38MAPK,而SB203580以时间剂量依赖的方式抑制PMA对p38MAPK的激活.PMA可以促进滋养细胞体外侵袭作用,5mmol/L的SB203580能明显的抑制滋养细胞的体外侵袭能力,也能抑制PMA对滋养细胞侵袭活性的激活.结论 p38MAPK信号传导途径参与了人绒毛滋养细胞中EMMPRIN的表达.p38MAPK通路在人滋养细胞的侵袭行为中有重要的作用,p38MAPK激动剂可能会为子痫前期-子痫的防治提供新的途径.     

Tie-1 tyrosine kinase expression in human thyroid neoplasms

AIMS: To investigate tie-1 expression in human thyroid neoplasms. Recent studies have demonstrated that receptor-type tyrosine kinases (RTKs) contribute to carcinoma progression. Tie-1 is one of the RTKs and plays a role in angiogenesis, although its pathophysiological significance in human carcinoma is still to be elucidated. METHODS AND RESULTS: Immunohistochemical expression of tie-1 was studied in various thyroid neoplasms. Tie-1 immunoreactivity was only occasionally observed in normal follicular cells. In papillary carcinoma, tie-1 was classified as positive in carcinoma cells in 55.7% of the cases and was more frequently expressed in those of smaller size with an absence of a poorly differentiated lesion. In contrast, tie-1 was positive in only 8.3% of anaplastic carcinoma and no cases of follicular carcinoma or adenoma were positive. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that tie-1 has a role in thyroid tumorigenesis, especially in the early phase of papillary carcinoma, but it is not important in the progression of anaplastic carcinoma or follicular tumour.     

p38信号通路对SETD4在细胞中的表达和定位的影响

目的: 观察SETD4(SET domain containing 4)蛋白在不同细胞中的表达和定位情况,以及亚砷酸钠(NaAsO₂)刺激对细胞SETD4表达和定位的影响,探讨NaAsO₂诱导SETD4的改变是否依赖于p38信号通路。方法: 用Western blotting检测SETD4在不同细胞中蛋白的表达情况,用细胞免疫荧光技术检测SETD4在细胞中的定位;用NaAsO₂刺激 p38 ^+/+和 p38 ^-/-细胞,分别收集细胞总蛋白检测SETD4蛋白的表达变化,同时观察SETD4的定位和移位改变。结果: SETD4蛋白无论在鼠源还是人源的细胞中均有表达;细胞免疫荧光结果显示SETD4在整个细胞中分布,以胞质较多; p38 ^+/+和 p38 ^-/-细胞受NaAsO₂刺激后其SETD4蛋白的表达趋势一致,即均在6 h时有明显减少; p38 ^+/+细胞受NaAsO₂刺激后SETD4蛋白从胞质向胞核移位,而 p38 ^-/-细胞SETD4的移位现象不明显。结论: SETD4蛋白在不同种属及组织来源的细胞中均有表达,表现为全细胞分布,以胞质为主;NaAsO₂刺激可影响细胞SETD4蛋白的表达水平及定位,NaAsO₂诱导的SETD4移位改变有赖于p38 MAPK介导的信号通路。     

Local thermal injury induces general endothelial cell contraction through p38 MAP kinase activation

Endothelial cells (ECs) of thin‐walled blood vessels form a barrier between blood and tissue. As a response to inflammation, the EC junctions widen and gaps form, resulting in compromised barrier functions. Although the mechanisms behind the establishment of these changes are still incompletely understood, one known reason is actomyosin‐dependent actin rearrangement. Here, by using atomic force microscopy and a combination of confocal microscopy methods, we are the first to report that thermal injury induces general venular hyperpermeability and that serum from burned rats induces EC actin rearrangement, contraction, as well as tight‐junction damage. Inhibition of the p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) largely ameliorates resulting vascular dysfunction by significantly reducing EC stress‐fiber formation, contraction, volume changes and tight‐junction damage, thereby greatly reducing the appearance of EC gaps. The findings may be of importance for the design of future pharmacotherapies aiming to ease the severe general vascular dysfunction that follows extensive burns.     

p38 MAPK抑制剂SB203580对雨蛙肽诱导的小鼠胰腺组织损伤的影响

 目的：探讨p38 MAPK抑制剂SB203580（SB）对雨蛙肽（caerulein,CAE）诱导的小鼠离体胰腺组织损伤的影响,并探讨其可能的机制。方法：分离小鼠离体胰腺组织后培养4 h,用CAE(10-5mol/L)刺激,加用或不加用SB (10-5mol/L)进行干预,以生理盐水（NS）作为对照。在刺激1 h和4 h后测定胰腺组织活力（MTT）、培养上清液中淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性（生化法）以及白细胞介素6（IL-6）和细胞因子诱导的中性粒细胞趋化因子1（CINC-1）的水平（ELISA法）;同时测定胰腺组织中热休克蛋白60（HSP60)和HSP70蛋白水平（ELISA法）,并用Western blotting测定胰腺组织p38及磷酸化p38 （p-p38）MAPK蛋白的表达。结果：CAE刺激后胰腺组织活力与NS组比较有所下降,尤其在刺激后4 h明显降低（P<0.05）;CAE刺激后1 h,离体胰腺组织培养上清液中淀粉酶、脂肪酶、IL-6和CINC-1水平较NS组均明显升高（P<0.05）;胰腺组织中HSP60、HSP70、p38及p-p38 MAPK蛋白的表达较NS组有所升高（P<0.05）,而SB可不同程度干预CAE引起的这些指标的改变。结论：CAE对离体胰腺组织具有损伤作用,SB可减轻CAE造成的胰腺组织的损伤,其机制可能与其对p38 MAPK抑制进而使炎症反应受到抑制有关;HSP60和HSP70的变化是因为炎症反应减轻而使细胞应激程度降低所致,还是失去了p38 MAPK的调控作用所致,还有待进一步研究。     

p38 MAPK信号通路参与受体介导的细胞内吞的调控

目的：观察p38 MAPK信号转导通路在受体介导的细胞内吞中的作用。方法：利用Alexa 594标记的转铁蛋白作为受体介导的内吞作用的观察指标，来研究p38特异性抑制剂SB203580或ERK通路特异性抑制剂PD98059预处理以及p38基因敲除对该过程的影响。 结果：在受体介导的细胞内吞中，p38被磷酸化激活。SB203580的预处理或p38基因的敲除都能阻断受体介导的细胞内吞，而PD98059的预处理对该过程没有影响。 结论：p38 MAPK信号转导通路参与了受体介导的细胞内吞的调控。     

辛伐他汀通过抑制p38 MAPK活化降低肝硬化门静脉高压大鼠门静脉压力

 目的:探讨p38 MAPK信号通路在辛伐他汀降低肝硬化门静脉高压症大鼠门静脉压力（PP）中的作用。方法:采用四氯化碳复合因素法构建大鼠肝硬化门静脉高压症模型,成模后将存活大鼠随机分为模型组（n=10）、辛伐他汀治疗组（n=11）和p38 MAPK信号通路抑制剂SB203580处理组（n=10）,后2组分别给予辛伐他汀及SB203580干预处理;另设正常对照组（n=8）。处理结束后检测大鼠PP、肝脏总p38 MAPK蛋白、磷酸化p38 MAPK蛋白、总eNOS蛋白、磷酸化eNOS蛋白表达水平以及肝脏一氧化氮（NO）含量的变化。结果:（1）模型组大鼠PP明显高于正常对照组;辛伐他汀治疗组及SB203580处理组PP均明显低于模型组（P＜0.01）,辛伐他汀治疗组PP明显低于SB203580处理组（P＜0.01）。（2）与正常大鼠相比,模型组大鼠肝脏总p38 MAPK蛋白及总eNOS蛋白表达水平无明显变化（P＞0.05）,而磷酸化p38 MAPK蛋白及磷酸化eNOS蛋白表达水平分别增高与降低（P＜0.01）;辛伐他汀治疗组大鼠肝脏磷酸化p38 MAPK蛋白及磷酸化eNOS蛋白表达水平分别降低与增高（P＜0.01）;SB203580处理组大鼠肝脏磷酸化p38 MAPK蛋白及磷酸化eNOS蛋白表达水平分别降低与增高（P＜0.01）,但磷酸化eNOS蛋白表达水平增高的程度低于辛伐他汀治疗组（P＜0.01）。(3)辛伐他汀治疗组肝脏NO含量［（15.73±1.59） μmol/(g protein)］及SB203580处理组肝脏NO含量［（13.98±1.27) μmol/(g protein)］明显高于模型组［（9.81±1.12） μmol/（g protein）］（P＜0.01）,辛伐他汀治疗组NO含量明显高于SB203580处理组（P＜0.01）。结论: 辛伐他汀降低肝硬化门静脉高压症大鼠门静脉压力可能与其抑制p38 MAPK信号通路的活化有关。     

Immunohistochemical detection of p53 in differentiated, poorly differentiated and undifferentiated carcinomas of the thyroid

In an attempt to find whether or not p53 immunoreactivity in the thyroid gland is restricted to undifferentiated carcinomas and to evaluate the putative prognostic usefulness of its detection, we investigated p53 immunoreactivity in a series of 14 benign thyroid lesions and 65 thyroid carcinomas (12 papillary; six minimally invasive follicular; four widely invasive follicular; 31 poorly differentiated and 12 undifferentiated tumours). Unequivocal nuclear immunostaining for p53 was observed in two widely invasive follicular carcinoma (20.0%), five poorly differentiated carcinomas (16.1%) and in 10 undifferentiated carcinomas (83.3%). The percentage of immunoreactive cells was much smaller in the former groups than in undifferentiated carcinomas. Despite a trend to a more aggressive behaviour of the p53 immunoreactive cases no significant differences in the outcome of patients with positive and negative tumours was found when the comparison was made within each category of carcinomas. We conclude that p53 immunoreactivity can be detected both in undifferentiated carcinomas and in some differentiated and poorly differentiated thyroid carcinomas. Larger series of cases are necessary to evaluate the prognostic usefulness of this finding.     

p38/ATF-2通路参与C反应蛋白诱导的内皮细胞活化

目的:考察p38 MAPK/ATF-2通路在C反应蛋白(CRP)诱导的内皮细胞活化中的作用。方法:采用培养的人冠状动脉内皮细胞(HCAEC)第3~7代用于实验。CRP刺激诱导内皮细胞活化,给予p38抑制剂SB203580和SB202190干预。免疫印迹法检测p-e NOS、p-p38和p-ATF2的水平;ELISA法测定HCAEC分泌的黏附分子ICAM-1、VCAM-1和MCP-1的变化。结果:CRP呈浓度依赖性地抑制p-e NOS水平,CRP诱导HCAEC分泌ICAM-1、VCAM-1和MCP-1;CRP激活p38/ATF-2通路;SB203580和SB202190部分恢复p-e NOS水平和抑制CRP诱导的ICAM-1、VCAM-1和MCP-1分泌。结论:p38 MAPK/ATF-2通路参与CRP诱导的HCAEC活化。     

Effect of p38 mitogen-activate protein kinase on MUC5AC protein expression of bile duct epithelial cells in hepatolithiasis patients

Primary hepatolithiasis is a common bile duct disease with benign nature but complicated mechanisms. Current studies have revealed its correlation with cytokine release by chronic inflammation, which also increased mucin (MUC) synthesis. This study investigated the role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in regulating cytokine release and mucin synthesis, in an attempt to elucidate the role of p38 signaling molecule in the pathogenesis of hepatolithiasis. In human intrahepatic bile duct endothelial cells (HIBECs), lipoprotein (LPS) was used to induce the high expression of MUC. Small interference RNA (siRNA) was then used to silencing p38 gene expression. Cytokines including interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were measured, along with MUC5AC protein and mRNA expression assay. The interference of p38 gene expression inhibited the release of IL-1β and TNF-α in cultured cells. It also depressed both mRNA and protein levels of MUC5A. P38 MAPK signal pathway may be involved in the formation and progression of hepatolithiasis. This study provides potential new strategy for treating hepatolithiasis using p38 MAPK signal pathway as the drug target.     

MAPK和caspase-3在异基因CD8+T淋巴细胞诱导血管内皮细胞凋亡中的作用

目的： 探讨MAPK和caspase-3在异基因CD8+T细胞诱导血管内皮细胞凋亡中的作用。方法：免疫磁珠阳性分选异基因CD8+T细胞,AnnexinⅤ/FITC试剂盒检测异基因CD8+T细胞诱导的HUVECs和HDMECs凋亡率,Western blotting检测血管内皮细胞内caspase-3、MAPK表达。观察SB203580 (p38MAPK抑制剂)、SP600125 (JNK抑制剂)、PD98059（ERK抑制剂）、Z-DEVD-FMK（caspase-3抑制剂）对内皮细胞凋亡的影响。结果：异基因CD8+T细胞作用24 h和48 h后,HUVECs凋亡率分别为41.7％±10.1％和29.4％±8.3％,HDMECs凋亡率分别为28.9％±7.2％和15.2％±4.8％,与对照组相比均具有显著差异（P<0.01）。异基因CD8+T细胞作用后,HUVECs和HDMECs内磷酸化p38MAPK表达、caspase-3裂解增强,而磷酸化JNK、ERK无明显变化。Z-DEVD-FMK和SB203580可显著抑制异基因CD8+T细胞诱导的HUVECs和HEMEC凋亡,并降低内皮细胞caspase-3表达。结论：p38MAPK和caspase-3介导了异基因CD8+T细胞诱导的血管内皮细胞凋亡。     

c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase mediate double-strand RNA-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in microglial cells

Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) has been implicated as a potential immune stimulant in activating microglia, which can cause chronic neurodegeneration. In this study, we examined the involvement of different types of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in the induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) by dsRNA in microglial cells. Nitric oxide production was increased after exposure of microglia to 50 μg/mL dsRNA. Levels of dsRNA-induced nitrite production in a line of immortalized murine microglia (BV2) and in primary cultures of murine microglia were decreased by inhibition of JNK or p38 MAPK, but were increased by inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase. Similar results were shown in the levels of dsRNA-induced iNOS gene expression in BV2 cells. Phosphorylation levels of p38 MAPK were increased, depending on p38 MAPK inhibitor concentrations, while activation levels of MAPKAPK2, a known p38 substrate, were inhibited. Thus, it is likely that SB203580 inhibited the kinase activity of p38 MAPK, resulting in the loss of a feedback inhibition regulatory loop of p38 MAPK in BV2 cells. These findings suggest that dsRNA stimulated iNOS expression via MAPK signaling pathways, including JNK and p38 MAPK.