内脏动脉瘤41例治疗分析

目的探讨内脏动脉瘤(VAA)的合理治疗方式。方法回顾性分析2006年1月至2016年9月在安徽省立医院血管外科诊治的41例VAA患者,其中脾动脉瘤24例,肾动脉瘤7例,肝动脉瘤4例,腹腔干动脉瘤4例,肠系膜上动脉瘤1例,多发动脉瘤1例,并对其治疗方法及结果进行分析。结果22例行手术治疗,1例脾动脉瘤破裂患者在准备手术过程中发生二次破裂而死亡,18例未手术,首次手术成功率91.3%(21/23),二次手术成功率95.7%(22/23)。所有患者随访1~36(平均14.7)个月,22例手术患者中1例术后1个月出现脾梗死,余患者术后均无动脉瘤破裂、出血及复发;未手术18例,其中1例3个月后脾动脉瘤破裂导致死亡,3例合并恶性肿瘤患者分别在5、13、15个月后死亡,余患者随访期间均无动脉瘤破裂、出血及增大。结论 VAA的治疗需要综合考虑实际情况选择合适的治疗手段,开放手术与腔内治疗均能取得良好效果,未手术者应密切随访。     

介入治疗内脏动脉瘤的远期疗效

目的观察介入治疗内脏动脉瘤(VAA)的远期疗效。方法回顾性分析30例接受介入治疗VAA患者(41个瘤灶),术后随访时间均12个月,观察治疗效果及并发症。结果对12个肾动脉瘤、8个脾动脉瘤行动脉瘤填塞术,其中5个脾动脉瘤、5个肾动脉瘤采用裸支架辅助填塞;对13个脾动脉瘤、1个肝动脉瘤行动脉瘤栓塞术;对4个肾动脉瘤行载瘤动脉支架植入术,其中3个采用多层裸支架植入术、1个采用覆膜支架植入术;对2个肾动脉瘤、1个腹腔干动脉瘤行保守治疗;均获得成功。1个脾动脉瘤栓塞术后出现部分脾梗死,1个左肾多发动脉瘤植入支架后瘤腔小部分显影。术后随访12～55个月,平均(23.44±12.48)个月,期间脾梗死者梗死面积未增大、未见脓肿形成,瘤腔部分显影病变显影面积未增大。30例患者中,1例因心力衰竭死亡,余均存活,无VAA复发及其他并发症。结论介入治疗VAA远期疗效较好,且安全性较高。     

内脏动脉瘤手术治疗临床分析

目的 总结内脏动脉瘤(VAAs)的诊断与治疗经验.方法 2003年6月至2008年12月共收治8例VAAs;男性2例,女性6例;年龄30～72岁,平均49岁.8例患者共有9个动脉瘤,包括脾动脉瘤4例,肠系膜上动脉瘤2例,肾动脉瘤2例(3个).均经彩色超声、CTA或DSA明确诊断.6例行经腹动脉瘤切除,其中3例行血管重建.1例伴门静脉高压患者,行脾动脉瘤切除、脾切除和脾肾静脉分流术.1例双侧肾动脉瘤患者,左肾动脉瘤较大,且接近肾门,行动脉瘤切除和肾摘除术,右肾动脉瘤直径1.2 cm,密切随访.2例经股动脉行动脉瘤栓塞治疗.结果 本组8例VAAs患者,无论是动脉瘤切除、两端动脉结扎;还是端端吻合,人工血管间置血流重建;以及经股动脉病灶栓塞治疗,多取得了满意的效果.没有死亡和严重并发症发生.随访2～60个月,平均26.5个月,效果良好.结论 VAAs一旦明确诊断,应积极采取治疗措施.选择性手术或栓塞术足安全和有效的治疗方法.直径<2 cm且无症状的VAAs可考虑密切随访.     

肠系膜上动脉瘤17例诊治分析

目的 探讨肠系膜上动脉瘤（SMAA）的病因、诊断和治疗方式的选择。方法 回顾性分析2010年1月至2018年12月复旦大学附属中山医院血管外科收治的17例SMAA病人临床资料。观察指标包括院内死亡、围手术期并发症及疾病相关病死率和手术相关并发症。结果 17例病人中，6例接受了开放手术，开放手术技术成功率100%。11例接受腔内治疗，腔内治疗技术成功率90.9%。病人中位住院时间12（4~71）d，无院内死亡。1例开放手术病人因术中切除部分胰腺组织，术后出现胰漏；1例腔内治疗病人术中造影存在少量内漏，后随访消失。17例病人均接受随访，中位随访时间48（12~108）个月。1例病人术后发现瘤体增大，再次收入院造影显示为Ⅱ型内漏。1例腹腔多发动脉瘤病人术后64个月出现左肾血肿，肾动脉瘤破裂，急诊行动脉瘤栓塞术。随访过程中，无SMAA相关性死亡发生。结论 SMAA罕见，一旦破裂死亡风险较高。术前应进行详细的CT血管造影评估，开放手术和腔内治疗对SMAA均安全、有效，需根据病人情况个体化选择。     

介入下血管腔内治疗腹腔动脉瘤的诊治体会

目的总结血管腔内介入治疗腹腔内脏动脉瘤(Visceral artery aneurysms,VAA)的方法及临床效果。方法选取2015年1月至2020年1月确诊为VAA病例,采用保守治疗、单纯栓塞、瘤腔栓塞联合载瘤动脉栓塞、覆膜支架置入、裸支架+弹簧圈瘤腔内栓塞术式对不同类型的VAA进行治疗,统计其术后疗效。结果全组病人顺利完成治疗,无死亡病例,1次栓塞成功率(92.16%,47/51),2次成功率100%。14例保守治疗,随访期间无动脉瘤增大;6例行单纯弹簧圈栓塞、36例行载瘤动脉远近端栓塞或瘤腔栓塞联合载瘤动脉栓塞术、覆膜支架植入术7例、裸支架+弹簧圈瘤腔内栓塞术2例,治疗效果满意。结论 EVT治疗VAA具有创伤小、麻醉风险低、术后快速康复的优势,但应根据具体病情选择合适的治疗方法。     

内脏动脉瘤腔内治疗进展

所谓内脏动脉,是指供应胃肠道、肝、脾及胰腺的动脉[1]。内脏动脉瘤(viseral artery aneurysm,VAA)即为腹腔干、肠系膜上、肠系膜下动脉及各自分支处的动脉瘤。因此,严格地讲,VAA并不包括肾动脉瘤,但因为后者在发病特点及治疗方式上与VAA大体相仿,所以一些文献也将二者合并在一起进行分析[2,3]。VAA在临床中较为少见,发生率约为0.1%～2%,其中以脾动脉瘤比例最高,约为60%,肝动脉瘤为20%、肠系膜上动脉瘤5.5%、腹腔动脉瘤4%、胃     

腹部内脏动脉瘤与腔内治疗

<正>内脏动脉瘤(visceral artery aneurysm,VAA)是指除了主-髂动脉系统以外的腹腔内动脉瘤,包括腹腔干动脉、肠系膜上动脉和肠系膜下动脉及其分支动脉瘤,肾动脉瘤因其特殊性,往往被单列讨论。VAA因其潜在的破裂出血风险而受到临床医师重视,随着影像学和腔内治疗技术的进展和普及,更多无症状的VAA被发现并得到早期干预~([1-2])。VAA腔内治疗技术因其创伤小,住院时间短,更容易为病     

内脏动脉瘤的诊断和治疗进展

内脏动脉瘤(visceral artery aneurysms,VAAs)是腹腔干、肝动脉、脾动脉、肠系膜上动脉、肠系膜下动脉、胰十二指肠动脉和胃十二指肠动脉及其分支的动脉瘤.VAAs的病因及临床表现取决于受累的内脏区域,治疗指征和策略也因动脉瘤部位而异.本研究旨在总结VAAs诊治的进展,初步评估开放治疗和腔内治疗在 ...     

复杂性肾动脉瘤诊治

目的 探讨复杂性肾动脉瘤(RAA)的特点及诊治方法.方法 1999年3月至2008年9月收治复杂性RAA患者5例.女4例,男1例.平均年龄35(20～54)岁.腰痛伴血尿2例、腹痛伴休克i例、高血压1例、查体发现1例.RAA直径平均3.5(0.5～9.0)cm.单侧3例、双侧2例.5例均经数字减影血管造影确诊.保守治疗1例、肾动脉栓塞后肾切除1例、超选择性肾动脉栓塞1例、覆膜支架介入治疗1例、肾分支动脉结扎1例.结果 1例孤立肾多发动脉瘤破裂出血者保守治疗5 d死亡;1例肾上极1.5 cm动脉瘤,超选择性肾动脉栓塞后随访10个月未见复发;1例直径9.0 cm肾动脉瘤经肾动脉栓塞后行肾切除,随访12个月未见复发;1例肾内3.0 cm动脉瘤行覆膜支架介入治疗,随访12个月未见复发;1例右肾2.5 cm动脉瘤行右肾分支动脉结扎,10个月后发现左肾1.3 cm动脉瘤.随访24个月左肾RAA无变化,右肾RAA无复发.结论 直径＜2 cmRAA可密切观察,复杂性RAA治疗应根据患者一般状况、症状,动脉瘤大小、数目、部位、肾功能、有无并发症等选择手术或介入治疗.     

移植肾动脉瘤五例报告

目的 探讨移植肾动脉瘤(RAA)的病因、诊断及治疗. 方法 1998年8月至2004年12月共行同种异体肾移植手术1251例,发生RAA 5例(0.4%).5例均为男性,平均年龄43岁,移植肾血管吻合方式均为移植肾动脉一髂内动脉端端吻合.患者主要临床表现为进行性肾功能减退,突发少尿或无尿,顽固性高血压及肾区疼痛,均经彩色多普勒超声、数字减影血管造影检查确诊为动脉瘤,动脉瘤大小1.8 cm×2.0 cm×2.0 cm～4.0 cm×4.0 cm×5.0 cm. 结果 移植肾动脉吻合口动脉瘤2例,1例发现动脉瘤后1个月内移植肾功能丧失,行移植肾切除术,术后规律透析治疗,随访1年后行二次肾移植;1例移植肾失功后1周内行对侧髂窝二次肾移植手术,保留原移植肾,术后随访2年肾功能正常.RAA合并近端移植肾动脉狭窄2例,1例行吻合口球囊扩张并放置支架后,以弹簧螺圈栓塞动脉瘤,术后随访1年肾功能稳定;1例行移植肾切除、二次.肾移植术,术后随访3年肾功能正常.吻合口髂内动脉侧粥样硬化斑块导致髂内动脉狭窄、移植肾动脉侧动脉瘤1例,行移植肾切除术,术后2 d因脑干栓塞死亡. 结论 移植肾动脉-髂内动脉端端吻合易诱发血管并发症,RAA治疗应谨慎采用开放手术切除,可选择近期行二次肾移植和血管内介入治疗.     

Visceral artery aneurysm rupture

PURPOSE: Aneurysms of the visceral arteries are infrequently encountered. Many are found incidentally and are thought to have a benign outcome. To better characterize these lesions and their clinical course, we reviewed our experience with visceral artery aneurysms (VAAs) at a single institution. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of all VAAs diagnosed at our institution over the past 10 years was performed. The presentation, management, and outcome of therapy was examined for each patient. RESULTS: Thirty-four VAAs in 26 patients were diagnosed over the past 10 years. Four patients had multiple VAAs: splenic (17), hepatic (7), celiac (3), superior mesenteric (2), gastroduodenal (2), pancreaticoduodenal (1), right gastric (1), ileal (1) artery aneurysms. Associated aneurysms were found in 31% of patients and involved the thoracic aorta (3 patients), abdominal aorta (4 patients), renal arteries (2 patients), iliac artery (3 patients), lower extremity (1 patient), and intracranium (1 patient). In 15 patients (58%), VAAs were detected before rupture by chance or because abdominal symptoms resulted in diagnostic evaluation. Eight of these underwent elective surgery, and there were no deaths. Of those 15 patients with known VAAs, one patient died of rupture and hemorrhage from an untreated splenic artery aneurysm. Eleven patients (42%) presented unexpectedly with rupture, and two died despite prompt surgical treatment. The mortality rate in patients who had ruptured VAAs was 25%, including those who presented with ruptured aneurysms and those observed whose aneurysms eventually ruptured. CONCLUSIONS: Aneurysms of the visceral arteries are rare but important vascular lesions. Associated aneurysms are common. Because of the risk of rupture, often with a fatal outcome, an aggressive approach to the treatment of VAA is essential.     

内脏动脉瘤的外科治疗

目的 探讨内脏动脉瘤的外科治疗方法。方法 回顾性分析2002年2月至2010年6月收治的19例内脏动脉瘤患者外科治疗的临床资料,包括脾动脉瘤7例、肝右动脉瘤1例、胃左动脉瘤1例、胰十二指肠动脉瘤3例、胃十二指肠动脉瘤2例、肠系膜上动脉瘤、结肠中动脉瘤和左结肠动脉瘤各1例、肾动脉瘤2例。其中破裂12例。按照手术方式分为两组,介入栓塞治疗组13例,开放手术组6例。结果 4例栓塞后再出血,2例行手术探查止血、2例行二次栓塞后都得以成功止血。8例动脉瘤破裂伴休克患者术后均停止出血。1例胰十二指肠动脉瘤栓塞后出现十二指肠不全梗阻。2例脾动脉瘤患者术后出现部分脾梗死。术后随访18例,随访2 ～ 103个月,无动脉瘤复发。结论 以支配脏器和动脉解剖的特点作为内脏动脉瘤选择手术方案的主要依据。腔内治疗和开放手术在治疗内脏动脉瘤方面均有效,而对于假性动脉瘤破裂患者,腔内治疗效果满意。     

Is Endovascular Therapy the Preferred Treatment for All Visceral Artery Aneurysms?

Endovascular intervention can provide an alternative method of treatment for visceral artery aneurysms. We conducted a retrospective review of all patients with visceral artery aneurysms at a single university medical center from 1990 to 2003, focusing on the outcome of endovascular therapy. Sixty-five patients with visceral artery aneurysms were identified: 39 splenic (SAA), 13 renal, seven celiac, three superior mesenteric (SMA), and three hepatic. Eleven patients (16.9%) had symptoms attributable to their aneurysms, which included a total of four ruptures (6.2%): three splenic and one hepatic. Management consisted of 18 (27.7%) endovascular interventions, nine (13.9%) open surgical repairs, and 38 (58.5%) observations. Mean aneurysm diameter for patients treated expectantly was significantly less than for those who underwent intervention (p = 0.001). Endovascular interventions included 15 (83.3%) embolizations (11 SAA, three renal, one hepatic) and three (16.7%) stent grafts (two SMA, one renal). The initial technical success rate of the endovascular procedures was 94.4% (17/18). However, there were four patients (22.2%) with major endovascular procedure-related complications: one late recurrence requiring open surgical repair, two large symptomatic splenic infarcts, and one episode of severe pancreatitis. These four patients had distal splenic artery aneurysms at or adjacent to the splenic hilum. There were no endovascular procedure-related deaths. Reasons for performing open surgical repair included three SAA ruptures diagnosed at laparotomy and complex anatomy not amenable to endovascular intervention (six patients). One surgical patient had a postoperative small bowel obstruction treated nonoperatively; and there was one perioperative death in a patient operated on emergently for rupture. Endovascular management of visceral artery aneurysms is a reasonable alternative to open surgical repair in carefully selected patients. Individual anatomic considerations play an important role in determining the best treatment strategy if intervention is warranted. However, four of 11 (36.4%) patients with distal splenic artery aneurysms treated with endovascular embolization developed major complications. Based on our experience, traditional surgical treatment of SAA with repair or ligation and concomitant splenectomy when necessary may be preferred in these cases.Presented at the Twenty-ninth Annual Meeting of the Peripheral Vascular Surgery Society, Anaheim, CA, June 4, 2004.     

三维增强核磁共振血管造影在内脏动脉瘤诊治中的应用

目的 探讨三维增强核磁共振血管造影在内脏动脉瘤诊治中的临床价值.方法 对43例内脏动脉瘤患者行三维增强MR血管造影检查,19例同期行数字减影血管造影(digital subtraction angiography,DSA).三维增强MR血管造影用屏气超快速三维梯度回波序列,图像减影后进行三维重建.结果 43例共50个内脏动脉瘤,涉及脾动脉32个(其中5例脾动脉异位起源于肠系膜上动脉),占64%;肠系膜上动脉7个(14%),腹腔动脉干5个(1例为腹腔系膜干),肾动脉4个,肝动脉2个.三维增强MR血管造影能清楚显示动脉瘤部位、大小、形态,并在立体直观显示动脉瘤及其与周围血管脏器关系方面优于DSA.43例中,行栓塞治疗15例,手术9例,保守观察19例.结论 三维增强MR血管造影能尤创、准确诊断内脏动脉瘤,所提供的三维解剖细节有助于临床治疗方案的制定,可作为内脏动脉瘤的首选检查方法.     

Visceral artery aneurysms

Visceral artery aneurysms (VAAs) are a rare condition, in case of a rupture they have a high mortality rate up to 70%. Visceral artery aneurysms are seen more often these days with the more widespread use of computed tomography and angiography. There are various options for treating VAAs; open surgical repair, endovascular treatment, and laparoscopic surgery. We report 5 cases of visceral aneurysms, all treated differently--ligation, aneurysmectomy (with splenectomy), emergency and elective coil embolization, and conservatively. We will further give a review of the literature on etiology, diagnosis, and treatment options.     

The endovascular management of visceral artery aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms

OBJECTIVE: Visceral artery aneurysms may be treated by aneurysm exclusion, excision, revascularization, and endovascular techniques. The purpose of this study was to review the outcomes of the management of visceral artery aneurysms with catheter-based techniques. METHODS: Between 1997 and 2005, 90 patients were identified with a diagnosis of visceral artery aneurysm. This was inclusive of aneurysmal disease of the celiac axis, superior mesenteric artery (SMA), inferior mesenteric artery, and their branches. Surveillance without intervention occurred in 23 patients, and 19 patients underwent open aneurysm repair (4 ruptures). The endovascular treatment of 48 consecutive patients (mean age 58, 60% men) with 20 visceral artery aneurysms (VAA) and 28 visceral artery pseudoaneurysms (VAPA) was the basis for this study. Electronic and hardcopy medical records were reviewed for demographic data and clinical variables. Original computed tomography (CT) scans and fluoroscopic imaging were evaluated. RESULTS: The endovascular treatment of visceral artery aneurysms was technically successful in 98% of 48 procedures, consisting of 3 celiac axis repairs, 2 left gastric arteries, 1 SMA, 12 hepatic arteries, 20 splenic arteries, 7 gastroduodenal arteries, 1 middle colic artery, and 2 pancreaticoduodenal arteries. Of these, 29 (60%) were performed for symptomatic disease (5 ruptured aneurysms). Procedures were performed in the endovascular suite under local anesthesia with conscious sedation (94%). The femoral artery was used as the preferential access site (90%). Coil embolization was used for aneurysm exclusion in 96%. N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (glue) was used selectively (19%) using a triaxial system with a 3F microcatheter for persistent flow or multiple branches. The 30-day mortality was 8.3% (n = 4). One patient died from recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding after gastroduodenal embolization, and the remaining died of unrelated causes. All perioperative deaths occurred in patients requiring urgent or emergent intervention in the setting of hemodynamic instability. No patients undergoing elective intervention died in the periprocedural period. Postprocedural imaging was performed after 77% of interventions at a mean of 16 months. Complete exclusion of flow within the aneurysm sac occurred in 97% interventions with follow-up imaging, but coil and glue artifact complicated CT evaluation. Postembolization syndrome developed in three patients (6%) after splenic artery embolization. There was no evidence of hepatic insufficiency or bowel ischemia after either hepatic or mesenteric artery aneurysm treatment. Three patients required secondary interventions for persistent flow (n = 1) and recurrent bleeding from previously embolized aneurysms (n = 2). CONCLUSION: Visceral artery aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms can be successfully treated with endovascular means with low periprocedural morbidity; however, the urgent repair of these lesions is still associated with elevated mortality rates. Aneurysm exclusion can be accomplished with coil embolization and the selective use of N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate. Current catheter-based techniques extend our ability to exclude visceral artery aneurysms, but imaging artifact hampers postoperative CT surveillance.     

Surgical treatment of a ruptured giant renal artery aneurysm--case report and literature review

Renal artery aneurysms are the second most common visceral artery aneurysms after splenic artery aneurysms, and before hepatic artery aneurysms. The study presented a case of a ruptured giant right renal artery aneurysm in a female patient. The presented case is worth mentioning, due to the giant size of the lesion. The diameter of the aneurysm exceeded 10 cm. Available literature data mentioned single reports of such large aneurysms located in the renal arteries. In spite of the fact that renal artery aneurysms are the second most common visceral artery aneurysms, their management is accompanied by some controversy. Literature data mentioned the dominance of endovascular techniques. However, surgical treatment remains to be the most effective and radical method.     

Viszeralarterienaneurysmen

With respect to the etiology visceral artery aneurysms (VAA) can generally be divided into true aneurysms of atherosclerotic origin and pseudoaneurysms caused by damage of the vessel wall. The most common sites for VAAs are the splenic artery (60%) and the hepatic artery (20?C50%). Due to the increased use of cross-sectional imaging VAAs are more commonly diagnosed as either asymptomatic incidental findings or highly symptomatic in the most dramatic state of acute rupture. Despite recent improvements in diagnosis and therapy this still represents a life-threatening condition with mortality rates reaching up to 75% whereas rupture rates vary between 20% and 70% depending on the localization and diameter. Concerning treatment of VAAs preoperative or preinterventional computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance (MR) angiography is essential. There is strong consent that all symptomatic VAAs and false VAAs should be treated. For asymptomatic VAAs treatment of aneurysms exceeding 2?cm diameter is recommended. Surgical and endovascular approaches are both well-established methods for treatment of VAAs. However, decision-making is dependent on an interdisciplinary review of patient??s general condition as well as VAA localization and size. A VAA in young pregnant women requires special observation as this bears an exceptionally high risk of rupture especially after previous pregnancies.     

Renal artery aneurysms.

Renal artery aneurysms, previously considered to be rare, have been diagnosed more frequently in recent years mainly due to the extensive use of angiography. Fifty-six patients with 67 aneurysms were evaluated, 5 of these were dissecting aneurysms. Most cases were manifestations of medial hyperplasia or atherosclerosis of the renal arteries. Symptomatology is not pathognomonic. Expanding aneurysm, intractable hypertension, hematuria, and renal infarction represent the most common indications for surgical repair. Reconstruction and repair of these aneurysms, with preservation of the kidney, is the preferred treatment. Surgery was performed on 17 patients (30%): 14 patients had primary repair, while 3 patients underwent nephrectomy for associated carcinoma and end-stage kidney disease. Temporary occlusion of the renal artery with hypothermic perfusion allows surgical repair safely to both patient and kidney. Autotransplantation into the ipsilateral iliac fossa was employed for dissecting aneurysms after resection and repair of the diseased segment. Nine of 12 hypertensive patients required no treatment for hypertension following aneurysmal repair, while 3 patients had improved control.