苏州市沧浪区老年轻度认知功能损害患病率及其危险因素

目的 了解苏州沧浪区老年轻度认知功能损害患病率及其危险因素.方法 采用整群分层抽样的方法,抽取苏州沧浪区4个社区60岁以上老年人群进行蒙特利尔认知功能量表调查.结果 不同年龄、性别、文化程度、收入状况、性格人群的患病率存在明显差异,性别(OR=1.853,95％ CI:1.360～2.460)、年龄(OR=1.616,95％ CI:1.429～1.828)、文化程度(OR=1.940,95％ CI:1.669～2.256)、居住状况(OR=-1.301,95％ CI:1.115 ～1.517)、体育锻炼(OR=0.879,95％ CI:0.779 ～0.992)和邻居交往(OR=1.380,95％ CI:1.026 ～1.855)对老年轻度认知功能损害存在显著性影响.结论 女性、高龄、低文化程度、独居、体育锻炼少、邻居交往少是老年轻度认知功能损害的危险因素.     

老年人电子健康素养及影响因素

  目的  调查老年人电子健康素养及影响因素。  方法  从济南市随机抽取24个社区,采用电子健康素养量表调查1 201名老年人。采用χ2检验进行单因素分析,使用Logistic回归分析模型进行多因素分析。  结果  1 201名老年人电子健康素养合格率11.1%。多因素分析显示,小学及以下受教育程度（OR=4.50,95% CI:1.924~10.530,P=0.001）、家庭养老（OR=3.08,95% CI:1.326~7.165,P=0.009）、自评健康较差（OR=2.12,95% CI:1.022~4.406,P=0.044）、自评生活压力较大（OR=4.09,95% CI:1.686~9.938,P=0.002）是老年人电子健康素养的危险因素;城镇户籍（OR=0.52,95% CI:0.337~0.815,P=0.004）、照顾孙子女以本人为主（OR=0.43,95% CI:0.273~0.682,P < 0.001）、城市基本医保/新农合医保（OR=0.22,95% CI:0.047~0.998,P=0.05）、商业性医保（OR=0.10,95% CI:0.019~0.552,P=0.008）、父母健在（OR=0.44,95% CI:0.264~0.719,P=0.001）是老年人电子健康素养的保护因素。  结论  户籍类型、受教育程度、医疗保险类型、照顾孙子女方式、养老方式、自评健康状况、父母健在情况、自评生活压力是老年人电子健康素养的影响因素。     

河南省老年人日常生活活动能力与社会参与状况分析

目的 了解河南省60岁及以上老年人日常生活活动能力及社会参与现状,并分析其影响因素,为河南省老年人健康促进提供参考依据。方法 采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样法从河南省18个地区抽取60岁及以上老年人共8441人进行问卷调查,采用〖XC小五号.EPS;P〗检验和 logistic回归模型分析老年人日常生活活动能力与社会参与的影响因素。结果 本研究共纳入8441名老年人,其中2453人（29.1%）日常生活活动能力受限,6499人（76.9%）未参与社会活动。二元logistic回归分析显示,女性（ OR =1.234,95% CI :1.123~1.356）、70~79岁（ OR =1.540,95% CI :1.360~1.744）、80岁及以上（ OR =3.101,95% CI :2.556~3.762）、无配偶（ OR =1.205,95% CI :1.043~1.392）、肥胖（ OR =1.553,95% CI :1.289~1.871）、自评不健康（ OR =12.454,95% CI :9.785~15.853）、1种慢性病（ OR =2.009,95% CI :1.763~2.290）、2种慢性病（ OR =2.995,95% CI :2.560~3.502）、3种及以上慢性病（ OR =4.453,95% CI :3.320~5.971）是老年人日常生活活动能力受损的危险因素（ P 值均<0．05),70~79岁（ OR =1.368,95% CI :1.211~1.547）、80岁及以上（ OR =2.187,95% CI :1.726~2.770）、肥胖（ OR =1.362,95% CI :1.109~1.546）、自评不健康（ OR =1.833,95% CI :1.514~2.219）、2种慢性病（ OR =1.125,95% CI :1.035~1.270）、3种及以上慢性病（ OR =1.316,95% CI :1.214~1.476）是老年人社会参与的危险因素（ P 值均<0．05)。结论 河南省老年人日常生活活动能力与社会参与水平较低。可基于影响因素特点,从健康体重、慢性病防治和积极养老入手,提高老年人的日常生活活动能力与社会参与水平。     

我国老年人对上门医疗服务需求影响因素的分析

目的 分析老年人对上门医疗服务需求的现状及影响因素。方法 利用中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查2018年数据,以“您是否希望社区为老年人提供上门看病、送药服务？”为因变量,以安德森模型为指导框架选取自变量,采用χ2检验和二分类logistic模型进行分析。结果 81.3%的老年人希望社区提供上门医疗服务,退休前职业（农民:OR = 1.447,95% CI:1.203～1.741,P＜0.001;其他:OR = 1.311,95% CI:1.071～1.605,P = 0.009）、家庭居住地（农村:OR = 1.261,95% CI:1.108～1.436,P = 0.008）、地理经济分区（东北地区:OR = 0.453,95% CI:0.378～0.543,P＜0.001）、健康状况自评（一般:OR = 1.208,95% CI:1.090～1.337,P＜0.001;不好:OR = 1.184,95% CI:1.023～1.372,P = 0.024）、孤独感自评（从无孤独感:OR = 0.682,95% CI:0.619～0.752,P＜0.001）、视力（看不清:OR = 1.120,95% CI:1.013～1.239P = 0.027）是老年人需求的影响因素。结论 老年人对上门医疗服务需求较高,且存在区域差异。社区医疗卫生机构在提供上门医疗服务过程中,应重点关注农村地区,健康状况自评差、存在孤独感和视力障碍的老年人。     

贵州某少数民族地区农村留守老年人日常生活功能状况及影响因素分析

目的 了解贵州某少数民族地区农村留守老年人日常生活功能情况及分析影响因素。方法 采取多级整群抽样方法,从贵州省黔南布依族苗族自治州4个县抽取符合要求的1 260名留守老年人,采用面对面问卷调查的方式进行一般情况、健康状况及日常生活功能等相关情况的调查。结果 贵州某少数民族地区农村留守老年人日常生活功能明显障碍率为10.87%。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,高龄（OR=2.851, 95% CI:2.233~3.642）、少数民族（OR=1.486, 95% CI:1.029~2.174）、患慢性病（OR=1.246, 95% CI:1.047~1.482）、与家人关系差（OR=1.835, 95% CI:1.397~2.409）等因素是留守老年人日常生活功能明显障碍的危险因素;家庭经济收入高（OR=0.657, 95% CI:0.494~0.876）、文化程度高（OR=0.723, 95% CI:0.559~0.935）是留守老年人日常生活功能明显障碍的保护因素。结论 贵州某少数民族地区农村留守老年人日常生活功能明显障碍率高,少数民族留守老年人为高危人群,建议加强少数民族地区留守老年人的健康教育、慢性病管理、提高健康知识知晓率等预防性措施,延缓或减少其日常生活功能下降或障碍,提高其生活质量。     

海南省长寿乡百岁老人健康调查

目的 了解海南省澄迈县百岁老人的健康状况,为保护老年人的身体健康提供依据.方法 于2009年,选取澄迈县90名100岁及以上老人和95名90岁及以上100岁以下老人进行调查.问卷调查内容包括日常生活自理能力（ADL）、认知能力、自评健康和自评生活满意度等多维度健康调查,并测量部分研究对象的血压,测定空腹血糖和血脂.结果 90～和100～岁组老年人日常生活能力完全自理的比例分别为83.2％和62.2％.同一年龄组不同性别人群日常生活能力差异无统计学意义（90～岁组：Z=0.864,P＞0.05;100～岁组：Z=1.536,P＞0.05）.90～和100～岁组老年人认知功能“良好”的比例分别为41.1％和24.4％.同一年龄组不同性别人群认知功能差异无统计学意义（90～岁组：Z=1.249,P＞0.05,100～岁组：Z=1.532,P＞0.05）.90～和100～岁组老年人自评健康“好”的比例分别是11.6％和31.1％.同一年龄组不同性别人群自评健康差异无统计学意义（90～岁组：Z=0.05,P＞0.05;100～岁组：Z=0.04,P＞0.05）.90～和100～岁组老年人自评生活满意度“好”的比例分别为13.7％和20.0％.100～岁组男性高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）水平高于90～岁组,差异有统计学意义（t=7.72,P＜0.05）,甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）及空腹血糖差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.不同年龄组的女性5项生化指标差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 海南省澄迈县百岁老人的健康状况不容乐观,政府应继续完善基础医疗保健和社会养老保险制度,使百岁老人的健康得到保障.     

湖北省农村地区社会支持与老年人虐待关系的研究

目的 研究湖北省麻城市农村地区老年人虐待发生情况,探讨社会支持与老年人虐待间的关系.方法 采用横断面调查研究方法,整群抽取麻城市农村地区3个办事处17个行政村≥60岁的老年人,调查过去一年内虐待发生情况及相关因素.调查内容包括一般情况、社会支持以及老年人虐待情况等.结果 麻城市农村地区老年人总虐待、身体虐待、情感虐待、疏于照顾和经济剥削的发生率分别为36.2％、4.9％、27.3％、15.8％和2.0％.控制性别、年龄等混杂因素后,需要家人生活或经济上的支持和帮助是总虐待的危险因素(OR=1.28,95％CI:1.01～1.63),而需要时得到家人生活或经济(OR=0.76,95％CI:0.58～0.98)、精神(OR=0.63,95％CI:0.49～ 0.82)和朋友在精神(OR=0.73,95％CI:0.59～ 0.90)上的支持和帮助是虐待的保护因素.身体虐待、情感虐待、疏于照顾和经济剥削的保护因素分别是需要时得到家人生活或经济上的支持和帮助(OR=0.59,95％CI:0.35～0.99)、需要时得到家人(OR=0.67,95％CI:0.51～0.89)及朋友(OR=0.67,95％ CI:0.54～0.84)精神上的支持和关心、需要时得到家人生活或经济上的支持和帮助(OR=0.63,95％CI:0.45～0.88)、需要时得到家人生活或经济(OR=0.38,95％CI:0.14～0.98)上以及朋友或其他人精神( OR=0.42,95％CI:0.20～0.87)上的支持和帮助.结论 麻城农村地区老年人受虐待现状不容乐观,社会支持是老年人虐待发生的一个重要影响因素.     

杭州市社区老年人认知功能状况及其影响因素

目的探讨杭州市社区60岁及以上老年人的认知功能状况及其影响因素。方法按多阶段分层整群抽样的方法在杭州市城市社区进行抽样,对符合条件的老年人进行一般情况、简易智力状态和日常生活能力调查。结果有效样本1393人,MMSE得分范围0～30分,平均得分（23.41±6.59）分。按照认知功能障碍的划分标准,15.94%的老年人可能存在认知功能障碍。多因素Logistic回归分析显示丧偶（OR=1.904）、日常生活能力受损（OR=3.068）是认知功能障碍的危险因素,而受教育程度高（OR=0.695）、每周参加体育锻炼（OR=0.689）和子女孝顺（OR=0.910）对认知功能起保护作用。结论杭州市社区老年人认知功能障碍情况较严重,应根据影响因素开展针对性的干预。     

健康生态学视角下我国60岁及以上老年人自评健康的影响因素研究

目的 基于健康生态学视角,探讨我国60岁及以上老年人群自评健康的影响因素。方法 采用横断面调查的方法,以CHARLS 2015的387例60岁以上老年人为研究对象。采用logistic回归分析老年人自评健康的影响因素。结果 老年人自评健康比例仅28.2%。童年健康状况不好（OR=2.928, 95%CI: 2.298~3.826）、住宅商用（OR=1.528, 95%CI: 1.024~2.281）、居住地为农村（OR=1.467, 95%CI: 1.164~1.85）、夜间睡眠时间（OR=0.862, 95%CI: 0.828~0.91）、饮酒（OR=0.735, 95%CI: 0.583~0.927）、戒酒（OR=1.862, 95%CI: 1.301~2.665）、人际交往（OR=0.791, 95%CI: 0.651~0.962）、工作类型非农业（OR=0.608, 95%CI: 0.44~0.84）、住房有洗澡设施（OR=0.817, 95%CI: 0.669~0.999）与老年人自评健康有关。结论 需要将老年健康干预时间前移,并从个体到环境因素加强对老年健康的干预。     

德胜社区老年人基本公共卫生服务利用及影响因素研究

目的 了解北京市德胜社区老年人基本公共卫生服务利用情况,探索影响老年人利用基本公共卫生服务的因素.方法 采用两阶段整群随机抽样方法,对北京市德胜社区950名老年人进行问卷调查.使用x2检验和Logistic回归进行统计分析.结果 老年人中36.48％建立了健康档案,50.70％参加健康教育,免费体检者占36.52％,接种流感疫苗者占50.91％,37.61％接受生活方式指导.具备基本健康素养者对建立健康档案(P=0.016)、健康教育(P=0.006)、接种流感疫苗(P＜0.001)、接受生活方式指导(P =0.023)的利用均高于低健康素养者.多变量Logistic回归结果显示:健康素养水平与基本公共卫生服务利用存在一定程度的关联,具备基本健康素养者与低健康素养者比较更倾向于建立健康档案(OR=1.23,90％ CI:1.01～ 1.81)、接受健康教育(OR=1.37,90％ CI:1.04 ～ 1.80)、接种流感疫苗(OR=1.63,90％ CI:1.31～2.04);另外,是否患慢病、性别、职业与老年人对基本公共卫生服务的利用存在不同程度的关联.结论 德胜社区老年人对基本公共卫生服务的利用整体水平不高,建议开展更多提高健康素养水平的活动,从而增加其对基本公共卫生服务的利用.     

健康自评与老年人健康状况的前瞻性研究

目的：探讨健康自评（SRH）与老年人健康的关系。方法：1992年在北京城乡各随机抽取1个区／县后，再采取分层、分段及整群抽样的方法抽取55岁以上老年人3157名进行研究，并于1994、1997和2000年随访。结果：基线调查结果显示，SRH受年龄、性别、婚姻状态、教育水平和经济满意度的影响；SRH一般和不良老年人的慢性病总患病率以及脑血管病、心脏病、呼吸系统疾病和骨关节疾病患病率均明显高于SRH良好老年人。从1992－2000年8年间共993人死亡，SRH是老年人死亡的危险因素，SRH一般与不良者总死亡的危险分别高于SRH良好者12％（HR＝1.12,95% CI：0．93－1．35）和53％（HR＝1．53，95％CI：1．25－1．88），在控制混杂因素[年龄、性别、地区（城／乡）、婚姻状态、教育水平、近一年就医次数和住院次数、患慢性病、日常生活自理能力、体重指数、认知功能、抑郁]、剔除随访1年和3年内死亡者后，上述趋势依然存在。与SRH良好者相比，SRH不良者脑卒中和心脏病死亡的危险分别增加了2.25倍（HR＝2．25，95％CI：1．67－3．04）和2．22倍（HR＝2．22，95％CI：1．61－3．07）。结论：SRH与各种常见的老年慢性病患病率有关，同时又是预防死亡的独立危险因素，提示在老年卫生保健工作中，不应忽视老年人对自身健康的主观评价。     

贵阳市城区老年人生活质量研究

目的　探讨城市老年人生活质量现状及其影响因素。方法　在贵阳市城区采用整群抽样方法，用标准量表调查了９６６ 名６０ 岁及以上的老年人。结果　慢性病的患病率为５７８％ ，ＡＤＬ和ＩＡＤＩ损害率分别为９４％ 和２３２％ ，ＬＳＩＡ 平均得分为２９８５ 分，５３７％ 的人经历过负性事件，２３２％ 的老年人社会支持程度相对较低。多因素分析结果表明，年龄、收入状况、健康自评、慢性病、日常生活功能、负性生活事件、社会支持程度等与老年人生活质量高度关联。结论　老年人生活质量受较多因素影响，有必要采取综合措施来改善他们的整体健康水平，从而提高其生活质量。     

Determinants of self-rated health among elderly persons in S?o Paulo, Brazil]

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the influence that demographic determinants, socioeconomic determinants, chronic diseases, and functional capacity have on self-rated health among elderly persons (60 years and older) living in the city of S?o Paulo, S?o Paulo, Brazil, and to investigate the existence of differences between men and women in terms of their self-rated health. METHODS: The study was carried out using data collected in the city of S?o Paulo as part of a project called Health, Well-being, and Aging in Latin America and the Caribbean (the "SABE project"). We analyzed data on 2,135 elderly individuals (58.6% women; mean age, 69.4 years; median age, 68.0 years). The dependent variable was self-rated health (good or poor). The following independent variables were considered: (1) demographic ones (age, sex, marital status, and living arrangements (whether the elderly person lived alone or with others)), (2) socioeconomic ones (schooling and income), (3) the number of chronic diseases (hypertension, arthritis or rheumatism, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, asthma, bronchitis or emphysema, embolism or stroke, and cancer), and (4) functional capacity. To estimate the association between self-rated health and the independent variables and to study gender differences, a multiple binary logistic regression analysis was performed. RESULTS: The presence of chronic diseases in association with gender was the strongest determinant of self-rated health among the elderly in S?o Paulo. Among men with four or more chronic diseases, they were 10.53 times as likely to characterize their health as poor; among women with four or more chronic diseases, the ratio was 8.31. Functional capacity, schooling, and income were also strongly associated with self-rated health, and the influence of age was significant. The elderly women were more likely to report good self-rated health than were men when the women or men either had no chronic diseases or had two or more. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate the need for simultaneous, comprehensive actions in the health sector, social services, and the economic sector to address the main determinants of self-rated health in order to promote well-being and quality of life among the elderly.     

The effect of point of reference on the association between self-rated health and mortality

This study examines the effect of point of reference on the predictive validity of self-rated health for mortality in a 5-year follow-up period. Two self-rated health measures are examined: an age group comparative question and a global question with no explicit point of reference. The baseline data (SweOld) is a nationally representative interview survey among Swedish people aged 77+ in 1992. Mortality for the 1992-1996 period was analysed using Cox proportional hazards regression models. Age-referential self-rated health was found to be a better predictor of elderly men's mortality both in non-adjusted models and in models adjusting for age and both self-rated health measures. In separate analyses, both measures were found to be equally strong predictors of women's mortality. When adding both measures into the model simultaneously, the age-referential question lost much of its predictive power. The findings suggest that self-rated health measures are not insensitive to differences in question wording.     

两种自评健康方法的可靠性比较

目的探讨不同方法自评健康与客观健康的相关性。方法结合职业健康检查,对自愿接受“健康管理”问卷调查的730名工厂员工近年来检查的生理生化指标改变情况、疾病史和自评健康状况进行调查,分析以自身为对照和以同龄人为参照的自评健康与客观健康的相关性。结果年龄和性别与自评健康有关,年龄增加,自评健康变差,男性自评健康水平高于女性,文化程度与自评健康无关;血压、血糖、血脂或体重任一指标是否升高或增加与自评健康无显著相关,但近年来检查的生理生化指标稳定自评健康都显著偏好;是否患有高血压、糖尿病、慢性支气管炎、慢性胃肠炎或肥胖任意一种疾病只与自己最近健康状况的自评健康显著相关,相对于患上述任意一种疾病者,未患上述疾病者自评好和很好的OR值分别为2．38（95％CI：1．42-3．98）和3．58（95％CI：1．65—7．76）,而和与同龄人比的健康状况无关。结论采用以自身最近健康状况为参照的自评健康较为合理。     

Coffee consumption and mortality in a 14-year follow-up of an elderly northern Finnish population

The present study assessed the relationship between coffee consumption and mortality in a home-dwelling elderly population. A population-based cohort of 817 men and women born in 1920 or earlier and living in northern Finland provided complete data on daily coffee consumption and other variables at the baseline examination in 1991-1992. Deaths were monitored through to the end of 2005 by national death certificates, resulting in 6960 person-years of follow-up. Hazard rate ratios for mortality by daily coffee intake were estimated by Poisson regression models adjusted for some known predictors of mortality. During 14.5 years of follow-up, 623 deaths occurred. The total mortality rate was inversely related to the number of cups (average volume, 125 ml) of coffee consumed daily. After adjustment for age, sub-period of follow-up, sex, marital status, basic educational level, previous occupational group, current smoking, BMI, history of myocardial infarction, self-rated health and presence of diabetes, cognitive impairment or physical disability, the estimated relative risk reduction of total mortality per an increment of one more cup of coffee per d reported at baseline was 4 (95% CI 0, 8) %. The observed associations between coffee consumption and mortality from CVD, cancer, and other or unknown causes, respectively, were qualitatively similar to that of total mortality but the estimates were less precise. The effect of coffee consumption at baseline appeared to attenuate after 10 years since the start of follow-up. The present study provides evidence for daily (caffeine-containing) coffee intake being inversely associated with mortality in the elderly.     

Self-rated health, chronic diseases, and symptoms among middle-aged and elderly men and women

The objective was to study the association between chronic diseases, symptoms, and poor self-rated health among men and women and in different age groups, and to assess the contribution of chronic diseases and symptoms to the burden of poor self-rated health in the general population. Self-rated health and self-reported diseases and symptoms were investigated in a population sample of 6,061 men and women aged 35-79 years in V?rmland County in Sweden. Odds ratios (OR) and population attributable risks (PAR) were calculated to quantify the contribution of chronic diseases and symptoms to poor self-rated health. Depression, neurological disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and tiredness/weakness had the largest contributions to poor self-rated health in individuals. Among the elderly (65-79 years), neurological disease and cancer had the largest contribution to self-rated health in men, and renal disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and cancer in women. Among the middle-aged (35-64 years), depression and tiredness/weakness were also important, especially in women. From a population perspective, tiredness/weakness explained the largest part of poor self-rated health due to its high prevalence in the population. Depression and musculoskeletal pains were also more important than other chronic diseases and symptoms at the population level. Even though many chronic diseases (such as neurological disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and cancer) are strongly associated with poor self-rated health in the individual, common symptoms (such as tiredness/weakness and musculoskeletal pains) as well as depression contribute more to the total burden of poor self-rated health in the population. More preventive measures should therefore be directed against these conditions, especially when they are not consequences of other diseases.     

Self-rated health showed a graded association with frequently used biomarkers in a large population sample

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Self-rated health is a widely used measure of health status, but its biologic foundations are poorly understood. We investigated the association of frequently used biomarkers with self-rated health, and the role of these biomarkers in the association of self-rated health with mortality. METHODS: The relation of self-rated health to blood levels of albumin, white blood cell count, hemoglobin, HDL cholesterol, and creatinine was examined in a population-based sample of 4,065 men and women aged 71 years or older. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine the association of self-rated health with mortality during 4.9 years. Sociodemographic factors, diagnosed chronic conditions, and activities of daily living disability were controlled for in these analyses. RESULTS: All the biomarkers showed a graded relationship with self-rated health. After adjusting for other indicators, hemoglobin and white cell count were significantly associated with fair or poor self-rated health. When biomarkers and other indicators were adjusted for, self-rated health still was a significant predictor of mortality. CONCLUSION: Self-rated health has a biologic basis, and it can be a sensitive barometer of physiologic states. Self-rated health is likely to predict mortality because it covers the spectrum of health conditions better than the variables measured in the study.     

上海市嘉定区社区老年人的失能现状及其影响因素

目的 了解上海市嘉定区老年人的失能现状并分析其影响因素,为老年人失能防控和健康老龄化建设提供科学依据。方法 采用多阶段随机抽样方法,选取≥60岁的嘉定区户籍老年人群作为调查对象,采用世界卫生组织研发的自报健康调查量表测量老年人失能情况;应用多因素Logistic回归分析模型及列线图分析老年人失能的影响因素。结果 共调查老年人4 773人,其中失能老人495人,失能率为11.4%,女性的失能率(13.6%)高于男性(8.9%)。老年人自我评价在认知记忆、视力辨认、疼痛不适、睡眠及活动行走这五方面存在更多的失能,失能率分别为31.7%、23.0%、21.6%、20.4%和13.6%。多因素分析结果显示,年龄大、自评健康较差、患2种及以上慢性病的老年人失能率较高(均有P<0.05);每周体育锻炼、饮酒的老年人失能率较低(均有P<0.05)。结论 嘉定区社区老年人失能率较高。应加强慢性病管理,关注老年人的不同照护需求,开展针对性的早期预防和干预。     

Impact of socioeconomic status on Brazilian elderly health

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of socioeconomic status on elderly health. METHODS: The study was based on cross-sectional data from Survey on Health, Well-Being, and Aging in Latin America and the Caribbean. The sample comprised 2,143 non-institutionalized elderly aged 60 years and older living in the urban area of S?o Paulo, southeastern Brazil. Linear regression models estimated the effect of socioeconomic status indicators (years of schooling completed, occupation and purchasing power) on each one of the following health indicators: depression, self-rated health, morbidity and memory capacity. A 5% significance level was set. RESULTS: There was a significant effect of years of education and purchasing power on self-rated health and memory capacity when controlled for the variables number of diseases during childhood, bed rest for at least a month due to health problems during childhood, self-rated health during childhood, living arrangements, sex, age, marital status, category of health insurance, intake of medicines. Only purchasing power had an effect on depression. Despite the bivariate association between socioeconomic status indicators and number of diseases (morbidity), this effect was no longer seen after including the controls in the model. CONCLUSIONS: The study results confirm the association between socioeconomic status indicators and health among Brazilian elderly, but only for some dimensions of socioeconomic status and certain health outcomes.