Gastric and pulmonary lymphoma presenting as a solitary pulmonary nodule

The common presentations of lymphoma are widespread lymphadenopathy or development of constitutional symptoms. This paper presents a case of a patient who presented with a solitary mass detected on chest X-ray and underwent FDG-PET for further evaluation of this mass. FDG-PET is a commonly utilised technique to assess solitary nodules as it not only allows characterisation of the lesion but can also detect nodal and extra-thoracic disease with greater accuracy than the standard CT. In this case, FDG-PET demonstrated abnormal activity in the lung nodule and at the gastro-oesophageal junction. Biopsies confirmed Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma at both sites. The value of FDG-PET in this case was the determination of previous unsuspected disease in an unusual presentation of lymphoma and as a useful tool for monitoring the therapeutic effect post chemotherapy.     

Progressively increasing density of the solid center of a ground‐glass nodule in a solitary pulmonary capillary hemangioma: A case report

Solitary pulmonary capillary hemangiomas (SPCHs) are recently recognized, rare benign lesions that form solitary nodules owing to capillary proliferation. These lesions are usually detected incidentally as small ground‐glass nodules (GGNs) on computed tomography (CT), and progressively enlarge over time. The radiological distinction from peripheral lung cancers is particularly challenging. However, to date, there have been no reports on progressive changes in the central density of SPCH on CT. An asymptomatic 49‐year‐old man was referred to our hospital for an abnormal shadow that was detected on chest CT during medical check‐up. He was subsequently followed‐up with chest CT. The nodule increased in size, and the central area became progressively denser. He underwent surgery 5 years and 10 months after the first visit owing to suspicion of lung cancer. Despite the collapse of the surgical specimen by artifacts, histopathological examination revealed a diagnosis of SPCH; collagenous fibers were found in the walls of the intralesional capillaries. The patient is presently alive without any recurrence, 6 months after the operation. In this case, the SPCH demonstrated a GGN with progressively increasing density of the central solid area on the CT. This remarkable feature made the preoperative distinction from lung cancer particularly difficult.     

Huge solitary necrotic nodule of the liver: a rare case report with review of literature

Solitary necrotic nodule of the liver (SNNL) is an uncommon disease in clinical practice, and its pathogenesis is still unclear. Here, we report the case of a 35-year-old woman. After physical examination, the patient was found to have a liver neoplasm, and there were no other physical complaints. Abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) showed the presence of a hypodense lesion. The patient opted for surgery to eliminate the lesion. Pathologic examination revealed an isolated necrotic nodular lesion with a size of 12 cm×10 cm×10 cm. The patient had a history of hepatitis B infection. To our knowledge, this is the largest SNNL ever reported and the first case with a history of hepatitis B infection.     

影响判断肺部孤立性小结节良恶性因素的logistic回归分析

目的 探讨影响判断肺部孤立性小结节(solitary pulmonary nodule，SPN)良恶性的因素。方法 对本院近10年来150例肺部孤立性小结节进行研究。选择18个可能影响临床医生判断的因素，应用SPSS10．0程序进行二维logistic回归分析。结果 150例肺部孤立性小结节中恶性78例(52％)，良性72例(48％)，判断其良恶性的主要因素是：年龄，吸烟量，SPN有无毛刺、分叶，密度是否均匀。结论 病人的年龄，吸烟量，影像学特征(SPN有无毛刺、分叶、密度是否均匀)对判断SIN良恶性有重要意义。     

Primary pulmonary epithelioid angiosarcoma presenting as a solitary pulmonary nodule on image

Primary angiosarcoma of lung is a rare condition. Only about 20 cases have appeared in English published reports so far. Its rarity and consequent low index of suspicion makes clinical diagnosis difficult. Pathological diagnosis of the epithelioid variant of pulmonary angiosarcoma is particularly challenging. We report a case of primary pulmonary epithelioid angiosarcoma as a solitary pulmonary nodule in image study in a 41-year-old man with a brief review, to contribute it to the sparse literature on this disease.     

多层螺旋CT灌注成像技术在良恶性肺结节鉴别诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨64排螺旋CT灌注成像在孤立性肺结节的良恶性鉴别诊断中的应用价值。方法29例孤立性肺结节（直径≤4cm，20例恶性，9例良性）患者，其中男性20例，女性9例，年龄28～76岁，平均年龄59．7岁。应用64排螺旋CT对孤立性肺结节行灌注扫描（造影剂总量100m1,流速4ml／s）。将动态扫描数据输入GE工作站（ADW4．2P），应用工作站随机Perfusion 3-体部肿瘤软件包分析和测定肺内病灶的血容积（BV）、血流量（BF）、平均通过时间（MTT）、表面通透性（PS）的数值和时间-密度曲线（time—density curve，TDC），并测量孤立性肺结节增强前的CT值、强化值、结节／动脉强化值比。结果肺恶性结节的灌注参数均高于肺良性结节，BF、BV、PS值均有统计学意义（P〈0．05），BV的差异最显著。以BV≥4ml／100mg为诊断阈值，结节BV≥4ml／100mg的诊断为恶性，敏感性95％、特异性100％。恶性结节的强化值和结节／动脉强化值比均明显高于良性结节（P=0．002．P=0．020）。结论动态对比增强CT提供了孤立性肺结节的血流模式的定量信息,可用于无创性的诊断和评价孤立性肺结节。     

肝孤立性坏死结节1例报告并文献复习

目的：探讨肝孤立性坏死结节的临床、病理形态学特点、影像学及其鉴别诊断,以期对此疾病进行更加深入的理解。方法：收集临床资料并结合影像学及病理形态学检查结果,运用光镜及特染技术研究1例肝孤立性坏死结节并系统进行相关文献复习。结果：影像学、B超、CT、MRI检查均表现为边界尚清楚的低回声、低密度、低信号结节,且增强扫描后内部不强化。MRI增强后病灶环形强化。镜下结节为一粉染无结构的非干酪样坏死物构成,其内未见细菌、寄生虫等病原体入侵。结节周围可见透明变性纤维包膜包绕。病变周围为正常肝组织。病理诊断：肝孤立性坏死结节。结论：肝孤立性坏死结节有特异影像学和病理组织学表现,临床治疗方案为病灶切除,术后预后良好,不易复发。     

Granulomatous pneumocystosis presenting as a solitary pulmonary nodule

A case of pneumocytosis presented radiologically as a solitary pulmonary nodule. Of cases presenting in this unusual fashion, this may be the first in which the histology was that of a fibrous and granulomatous nodule. The only pathogen identified was Pneumocystis carinii. The expected histologic pattern in pneumocystosis (interstitial pneumonitis with foamy alveolar exudate) was completely absent. Outside the major pulmonary nodule, scattered microscopic noncaseating granulomas of sarcoid type were observed. Treatment in this case consisted only of segmental pulmonary resection, but no recurrence of pneumocytosis was observed.     

Fine-needle aspiration of a solitary pulmonary nodule following treatment of metastatic giant-cell tumor of bone

Giant cell tumor (GCT) of bone is a local, variably aggressive neoplasm with high local recurrence and occasional pulmonary metastases. Radiographically guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) plays a large role in establishing a tissue diagnosis of lung metastases prior to therapeutic intervention. We present a patient with histologically proven pulmonary metastases from a femoral grade II GCT. These lesions were obliterated with combination HT-CT (hyperthermia and chemotherapy). The patient subsequently developed another pulmonary nodule at a site previously occupied by a GCT metastatic deposit. Radiographically guided FNA revealed that this new lesion was an adenocarcinoma, apparently of pulmonary origin. We suggest that this second neoplasm arose within a scar that developed after HT-CT ablation of one of the metastases. Additional intriguing features of this case are the effective HT-CT therapy of GCT metastatic to lung and the extended temporal course (some 16 yr from initial diagnosis to death).     

Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia associated with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis: a case report and review of the literature

Background: Concomitant occurrence of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) with cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP) is scarce. Here, we report a case where COP was a presenting feature in a patient with diagnosed IPA, and review additional 58 COP patients reported in the literature from 1988 through 2013. Case outline: The study was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji University and was conducted in compliance with the Helsinki Declaration. Written informed consent was obtained from patient. A 56-year-old man presenting with productive cough for several weeks and unremitting high fever for a week was hospitalized with an initial clinical diagnosis of pneumonia, for which antibiotics were prescribed but did not work. Seeing that the condition progressed both clinically and radiographically, bronchoscopy, bronchoalveolar lavage and lung biopsy were performed, and the diagnosis of cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP) and invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) co-existence was made. Initially, the patient responded to steroid pulse therapy and voriconazole treatment, and his condition was partially improved. However, the patient’s condition deteriorated progressively 5 months after the disease onset and the patient died during the third admission due to respiratory failure and the adverse reactions of coriaceous hormone therapy. Conclusion: The diagnosis of cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP) and invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) co-occurrence depends on clinical, radiological and histological presentations. Similarities with other disease processes could lead to a delayed diagnosis or misdiagnosis. The present case suggests that clinicians should be alert to this disease in their clinical practices.     

IgG4-related lung disease manifested as pneumonia in puerperium: a case report

IgG4-related lung disease (IgG4-RLD) is recently emerging entity. Several reports concerned with the clinicopathologic feature have been described, but this disease in puerperium has not been reported previously. Here, we report a 24-year-old woman diagnosed as IgG4-RLD in puerperium, who developed dry cough, low fever and exertional dyspnea following the delivery. The inflammatory markers and pulmonary lesions of the patient suggested pneumonia. However, there was no improvement after antibiotic treatment. The infiltration of IgG4-positive lymphoplasmacytes was found in lung biopsy by video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS). And the serum IgG4 level was high. The patient was effectively treated with corticosteroids. This unique case highlights the occurrence of IgG4-RLD in puerperium and underscores it should be taken into consideration as a possible differential diagnosis when dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltration was found in pulmonary consolidation in complex puerperal respiratory cases.     

Endogenous lipoid pneumonia in a cachectic patient after brain injury

Endogenous lipoid pneumonia (EnLP) is an uncommon non-life-threatening inflammatory lung disease that usually occurs in patients with conditions such as lung cancers, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and undifferentiated connective tissue disease. Here we report a case of EnLP in a paralytic and cachectic patient with bronchopneumonia after brain injury. A 40-year-old man experienced a severe brain injury in an automobile accident. He was treated for 1 month and his status plateaued. However, he became paralyzed and developed cachexia and ultimately died 145 days after the accident. Macroscopically, multifocal yellowish firm nodules were visible on scattered gross lesions throughout the lungs. Histologically, many foam cells had accumulated within the alveoli and alveolar walls accompanied by a surrounding interstitial infiltration of lymphocytes. The findings were in accordance with a diagnosis of EnLP. Bronchopneumonia was also noted. To our knowledge, there have been few reports of EnLP associated with bronchopneumonia and cachexia after brain injury. This uncommon pathogenesis should be well recognized by clinicians and forensic pathologists. The case reported here should prompt medical staff to increase the nutritional status and fight pulmonary infections in patients with brain injury to prevent the development of EnLP.     

Metastatic bronchioloalveolar carcinoma presenting as a solitary thyroid nodule: report of a case with fine-needle aspiration cytopathology

Although cancers metastatic to the thyroid are frequently mentioned in autopsy studies, such a finding is quite rare in routine clinical practice. Metastatic non-small-cell carcinomas to the thyroid may present a diagnostic dilemma, particularly when they share morphological similarities with primary thyroid tumors. Herein, we report a case of metastatic bronchioloalveolar carcinoma that presented as an isolated left thyroid nodule in a 68-year-old woman. The aspirates were cellular and showed numerous papillary-like tissue fragments, elongated nuclei with prominent nuclear grooves, frequent mitoses, and psammoma bodies. The latter features raised the possibility of papillary thyroid carcinoma. However, also seen were three-dimensional tumor nests and acinar-forming fragments. Immunostains (positive for cytokeratin-7 and carcinoembryonic antigen and negative for cytokeratin-20 and thyroglobulin) confirmed the metastatic nature of the carcinoma. In a patient with known primary neoplasm, the differential diagnosis of a thyroid nodule should always include a metastatic lesion along with primary neoplasia.     

基于高分辨率CT扫描的孤立性肺结节高危预测模型的建立与验证

目的：筛选孤立性肺结节（SPN）高危病变的高分辨率CT危险特征因素,建立SPN高危预测模型,并对模型进行内部验证。方法：回顾性分析317例SPN患者的胸部影像学征象,采用随机分组的方法按约6:4比例分为训练集和验证集,通过单因素及多因素分析Logistic逐步回归法筛选出与高危SPN相关的独立危险因素,建立预测模型;通过验证集数据对建立的模型进行验证,绘制受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）,评估模型预测价值。结果：单因素分析显示影像学征象位置、结节最大径、CT值、毛刺征、空泡征、分叶征与SPN是否高危存在统计学差异（P<0.05）,边界与SPN是否高危无统计学差异（P>0.05）。多因素分析显示位置、结节最大径、CT值、分叶征4个因素是SPN高危的独立预测因子（P<0.05）。通过训练集构建的预测模型为P=ex/（1+ex）,其中e为自然对数,x=-7.767+(2.821×位置)+（0.391×结节最大径）-（0.003×CT值）+（3.576×分叶）。训练集受试者工作特征曲线下面积（AUC）为0.932,95%CI为0.892～0.973,最佳截点值为T=0.208,敏...     

胸膜凹陷征量化分析在外周孤立性肺结节CT定性诊断中的应用价值

目的：通过量化分析的方法,探讨胸膜凹陷相关切迹( NNPI)在孤立性肺结节( SPN) CT定性诊断中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析2009年1月—2013年12月在复旦大学附属华东医院诊治的90例CT发现有NNPI的SPN患者的病例资料,其中男42例,女48例;年龄31~76岁,平均58岁。 SPN均经手术或穿刺活检病理证实。应用GE 4.4工作站后处理软件测算SPN及NNPI相关参数：SPN体积( V)、NNPI牵拉程度最大的横断面积( Smax)以及结节所在 Smax的横断面中心与NNPI顶点连线的距离( d)。应用Pearson相关分析分析三者之间的相关性,计算结节的牵拉系数K=( Smax × d)/V。分别计算出良恶性结节的K值,应用两独立样本秩和检验判断其统计学差异。作出K值的ROC曲线,计算其在判断良恶性结节中的最佳敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及准确率,并与两名有经验的影像科医师采用盲法阅片所得出的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及准确率进行纵向比较。结果通过Pearson相关分析证实Smax、V及d三者具有相关性,Smax与V具有中等程度正相关性(r=0.65,P<0.05),与d存在高度负相关(r=-0.83,P<0.05)。腺癌的K值高于炎性肉芽肿、结核、真菌性肉芽肿、错构瘤等良性 SPN 的 K 值,差异均有统计学意义( Z =-3.57、-4.09、-3.19、-2.97,P值均<0.01);而炎性肉芽肿、结核、真菌性肉芽肿、错构瘤之间的K值差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。 ROC曲线分析得出K值的cut-off值为0.052,曲线下面积为0.852,通过K值法判断结节的良恶性所得出的最佳敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及准确率分别为78.0%、92.5%、92.8%、77.1%、84.4%,而医师直观阅片所得出的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及准确率分别为64.0%、82.5%、82.1%、64.7%、72.2%,K值法得出的各项数据均高于医师形态学判断方法。结论 K值法对于SPN良恶性的鉴别有临床应用价值,准确性高于医生形态学判断方法。     

Fine needle aspiration cytology of a myoepithelioma presenting as a thyroid nodule

Myoepitheliomas are rare neoplasms that are typically found in the major and minor salivary glands and represent approximately 1.5% of all salivary gland neoplasms. We present a patient with an exophytic anterior midline neck mass, which was initially believed to be a thyroid isthmus nodule that underwent fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy. FNA cytologic evaluation reveals numerous plump spindle cells and a myxoid background, thus raising the possibility of rare benign mixed tumor of the thyroid. However, the resected specimen consists of predominately spindle cells with a minor component of chondromyxoid matrix, and no ductal epithelial cells, favoring a diagnosis of myoepithelioma. Although this lesion clinically and radiologically appeared to arise from the thyroid gland, at the time of resection, it was found to be adjacent to the thyroid isthmus and was ultimately diagnosed as a soft tissue myoepithelioma of the midneck. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2015;43:153–157. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.