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1.
Lydia Sarponmaa Asante Maxine Newell Mieun Yun Sunmee Yun-Welch Sungsoo Chun 《Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives》2015,6(1):27-33
Objectives
Alcohol misuse has been widely studied as a substantial contributor to injured patients'' visits to emergency departments. The current research studied differences in alcohol-related injury variables in China and Korea.Methods
Data were collected from a sample of 4,509 patients (2,862 males and 1,667 females) reporting at emergency departments in China and Korea using the World Health Organization collaborative study on alcohol and injuries protocol.Results
More injuries were reported by men, young people aged 25–34 years, employed individuals, and persons who had at least a high-school education. The proportion of injury cases among intoxicated patients was 14% for Chinese and 20% for Koreans. The odds of intentional injuries to intoxicated patients increased significantly when the perpetrator had been drinking, especially for severely intoxicated victims in both countries. The odds of injuries for intoxicated persons in both countries were high during sports and leisure activities; odds ratio (OR) = 3.93, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.76–5.59 for Chinese and OR = 10.97, 95% CI = 6.06–19.85 for Koreans.Conclusion
These findings are a contribution to research in the two Asian countries about the effect of intoxication on injuries especially when both victim and perpetrator are intoxicated. 相似文献2.
Zhongjie Li Shengjie Lai Honglong Zhang Liping Wang Dinglun Zhou Jizeng Liu Yajia Lan Jiaqi Ma Hongjie Yu David L Buckeridge Chakrarat Pittayawonganan Archie CA Clements Wenbiao Hu Weizhong Yang 《Bulletin of the World Health Organization》2014,92(9):656-663
Objective
To evaluate the performance of China’s infectious disease automated alert and response system in the detection of outbreaks of hand, foot and mouth (HFM) disease.Methods
We estimated size, duration and delay in reporting HFM disease outbreaks from cases notified between 1 May 2008 and 30 April 2010 and between 1 May 2010 and 30 April 2012, before and after automatic alert and response included HFM disease. Sensitivity, specificity and timeliness of detection of aberrations in the incidence of HFM disease outbreaks were estimated by comparing automated detections to observations of public health staff.Findings
The alert and response system recorded 106 005 aberrations in the incidence of HFM disease between 1 May 2010 and 30 April 2012 – a mean of 5.6 aberrations per 100 days in each county that reported HFM disease. The response system had a sensitivity of 92.7% and a specificity of 95.0%. The mean delay between the reporting of the first case of an outbreak and detection of that outbreak by the response system was 2.1 days. Between the first and second study periods, the mean size of an HFM disease outbreak decreased from 19.4 to 15.8 cases and the mean interval between the onset and initial reporting of such an outbreak to the public health emergency reporting system decreased from 10.0 to 9.1 days.Conclusion
The automated alert and response system shows good sensitivity in the detection of HFM disease outbreaks and appears to be relatively rapid. Continued use of this system should allow more effective prevention and limitation of such outbreaks in China. 相似文献3.
Haesun Yun Hyeok-Jin Lee Doosung Cheon Chaeshin Chu Kyung Won Oh Young Taek Kim Youngmee Jee 《Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives》2011,2(1):46-50
Objectives
The purpose of this study was to investigate the seroprevalence of hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) in Korea during 2005.Methods
Study subjects were selected from across Korea using a stratified multistage probability sampling design, and HAV and HEV seroprevalence was compared on the basis of sex, age, and residency. A total of 497 rural and urban people aged 10–99 years of age (mean ± SD age = 28.87 ± 17.63 years) were selected by two-stage cluster sampling and tested serologically for anti-HAV and anti-HEV IgG using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results
Among this population, the overall seroprevalence of HAV was 63.80% (55.21% aged in their 20s and 95.92% in their 30s, p < 0.01) and that of HEV was 9.40% (5.21% aged in their 20s and 7.14% in their 30s, p < 0.01). Seroprevalence also varied according to area of residence. HEV prevalence in rural areas was higher than that of urban regions based on the anti-HEV antibody, odds ratio 3.22 (95% confidence interval: 1.46–7.10, p < 0.01). There were no significant differences between male and female against anti-HAV/HEV antibodies.Conclusion
Our study suggested that the seropositive rates of HAV and HEV might be related to age and environmental conditions. 相似文献4.
Aeree Sohn Byonghee Cho Harvey A. Kennedy 《Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives》2015,6(3):192-200
Objectives
The principal objective of this study was to identify the barriers to testing for men who have sex with men (MSM) in Korea, something that might prove useful in future studies of this nature.Methods
This study was conducted at gay bars nationwide in Korea. After considering several offline locations (gay bars) where MSM candidates are commonly located, random recruitment was performed using time–location sampling. A total of 944 individuals participated in this survey. A total sample of 921 cases (23 cases were excluded) was used for analysis. A self-administered questionnaire measuring the individuals'' demographics, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS knowledge, stigma, phobia, optimism bias, self-efficacy for condom use, and sexual practices was used.Results
About 61.8% (N = 569) of respondents reported having been tested at least once in their lifetime, and 38.9% (N = 358) acknowledged being tested within the past 12 months. After adjusting for age, education, and number of partners in a logistic regression analysis, awareness of testing place [odds ratio (OR) = 4.04], exposure to HIV prevention campaign (1.54), fear (OR = 1.13), and discrimination toward people with HIV/AIDS (OR = 0.94) were the main factors associated with HIV testing.Conclusion
To accomplish widespread HIV testing for Korean MSM, the accessibility of testing centers and advertisement of voluntary counseling and testing to MSM are needed. 相似文献5.
Kentaro Tanaka Soshiro Ogata Haruka Tanaka Kayoko Omura Chika Honda Osaka Twin Research Group Kazuo Hayakawa 《Environmental health and preventive medicine》2015,20(5):347-353
Objectives
The present study aimed to investigate the association between body mass index (BMI) and uric acid (UA) using the twin study methodology to adjust for genetic factors.Methods
The association between BMI and UA was investigated in a cross-sectional study using data from both monozygotic and dizygotic twins registered at the Osaka University Center for Twin Research and the Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine. From January 2011 to March 2014, 422 individuals participated in the health examination. We measured height, weight, age, BMI, lifestyle habits (Breslow’s Health Practice Index), serum UA, and serum creatinine. To investigate the association between UA and BMI with adjustment for the clustering of a twin within a pair, individual-level analyses were performed using generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs). To investigate an association with adjustment for genetic and family environmental factors, twin-pair difference values analyses were performed.Results
In all analysis, BMI was associated with UA in men and women. Using the GLMMs, standardized regression coefficients were 0.194 (95 % confidence interval: 0.016–0.373) in men and 0.186 (95 % confidence interval: 0.071–0.302) in women. Considering twin-pair difference value analyses, standardized regression coefficients were 0.333 (95 % confidence interval: 0.072–0.594) in men and 0.314 (95 % confidence interval: 0.151–0.477) in women.Conclusions
The present study shows that BMI was significantly associated with UA, after adjusting for both genetic and familial environment factors in both men and women. 相似文献6.
May Chiew Heather F Gidding Aditi Dey James Wood Nicolee Martin Stephanie Davis Peter McIntyre 《Bulletin of the World Health Organization》2014,92(3):171-177
Objective
To estimate the measles effective reproduction number (R) in Australia by modelling routinely collected notification data.Methods
R was estimated for 2009–2011 by means of three methods, using data from Australia’s National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System. Method 1 estimated R as 1 − P, where P equals the proportion of cases that were imported, as determined from data on place of acquisition. The other methods estimated R by fitting a subcritical branching process that modelled the spread of an infection with a given R to the observed distributions of outbreak sizes (method 2) and generations of spread (method 3). Stata version 12 was used for method 2 and Matlab version R2012 was used for method 3. For all methods, calculation of 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was performed using a normal approximation based on estimated standard errors.Findings
During 2009–2011, 367 notifiable measles cases occurred in Australia (mean annual rate: 5.5 cases per million population). Data were 100% complete for importation status but 77% complete for outbreak reference number. R was estimated as < 1 for all years and data types, with values of 0.65 (95% CI: 0.60–0.70) obtained by method 1, 0.64 (95% CI: 0.56–0.72) by method 2 and 0.47 (95% CI: 0.38–0.57) by method 3.Conclusion
The fact that consistent estimates of R were obtained from all three methods enhances confidence in the validity of these methods for determining R. 相似文献7.
Objectives
This study evaluated the relationship between ageism and depression, exploring the stress-mediating and stress-moderating roles of emotional reactions and coping behaviors.Methods
Data were from the 2013 Ageism and Health Study (n = 816), a cross-sectional survey of urban and rural community-dwelling seniors aged 60–89 years in South Korea. Participants with at least one experience of ageism reported on their emotional reactions and coping responses. The measure yielded two types of coping: problem-focused (taking formal action, confrontation, seeking social support) and emotion-focused (passive acceptance, emotional discharge).Results
Although ageism was significantly associated with depressive symptoms (B = 0.27, p < 0.0001), the association was entirely mediated by emotional reactions such as anger, sadness, and powerlessness. Problem-focused coping, especially confrontation and social support, seemingly reduced the impact of emotional reactions on depression, whereas emotion-focused coping exacerbated the adverse effects.Conclusion
These findings support the cultural characterization explanation of ageism and related coping processes among Korean elderly and suggest that regulating emotional reactions may determine the efficacy of coping with ageism. 相似文献8.
Jin-Sook Wang Mee-Kyung Kee Byeong-Sun Choi Sung Soon Kim 《Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives》2015,6(3):184-191
Objectives
To estimate human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) incidence using HIV avidity assays in Korea, we established a serological testing method to differentiate recent HIV infections from long-standing ones.Methods
We adopted two incidence assays, the BED HIV-1 incidence test (Calypte Biomedical) and an HIV avidity assay (using Abbott AxSYM HIV Antigen/Antibody Combo), and performed them on Korean HIV samples obtained from 81 HIV seroconverters (n = 193), 135 HIV-positive samples, and three HIV commercial incidence panels (PRB965, PRB933, and PRB601 from SeaCare). To determine the most optimal concentration of the chaotropic agent (Guanidine) and the cutoff value for the avidity assay, we evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of the assay at different concentration levels.Results
We determined that the concentration of Guanidine to be used in the avidity assay was 1.5M. The cutoff value of the avidity index (AI) was 0.8, and the sensitivity and specificity were 90.2% and 83.8%, respectively, under this condition. The gray zone for the avidity assay was 0.75–0.85 AI. The mean of coefficient of variation was low, at 5.43%.Conclusion
An optimized avidity assay for the diagnosis of recent HIV infections using Korean samples was established. This assay will be applied to investigate the level of recent infection and will provide basic data to the HIV prevention policy in Korea. 相似文献9.
Ritsuko Nishide Michiko Ando Hidemitsu Funabashi Yoshiko Yoda Masataka Nakano Masayuki Shima 《Environmental health and preventive medicine》2015,20(2):116-122
Objectives
To investigate the association of serum lipids and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) with obesity in school children and to explore whether hs-CRP levels could be used to predict the presence or absence of obesity 12 months later.Methods
The subjects were school children (6–11 years old) in Japan. Blood sampling and physical measurements were performed in school (2001); low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides, and hs-CRP levels were measured. Data from children who could be followed 12 months later were analyzed. Subjects weighing 20 % or more over his/her standard weight were regarded as obese, and the association of obesity with serum parameters was analyzed.Results
Data from 612 subjects were analyzed (follow-up rate, 75.4 %). The mean of each serum parameter was significantly higher (inverse for HDL-C; lower) in obese than that in non-obese children. Logistic regression analysis for obesity at baseline showed that the odds ratio (OR) of hs-CRP was the highest [OR, 2.15; 95 % confidence interval (CI), 1.65–2.78 for an interquartile rage (IQR) increase]; the association with triglycerides and LDL-C/HDL-C was significant. At the 12-month follow-up, the OR of high hs-CRP remained the highest of all serum parameters (2.09; 95 % CI, 1.63–2.69 for an IQR increase).Conclusions
High levels of triglycerides, LDL-C/HDL-C, and hs-CRP increased the risk of obesity in school children. Hs-CRP is considered to be a better predictor of obesity 12 months later than is LDL-C/HDL-C. 相似文献10.
11.
Suyoung Kim Hyekyeong Kim Dong-Chul Seo Dong Hwan Lee Han-Ik Cho 《Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives》2014,5(5):258-265
Objectives
This study investigated suicidal ideation and its correlates among juvenile delinquents in South Korea.Methods
Suicidal ideation, psychological health status, and health-related behaviors were assessed using a self-administered questionnaire in 1682 juvenile offenders aged between 15 and 18 years in 2012.Results
The prevalence of suicidal ideation in juvenile delinquents was 15.2%. Girls were more likely to report suicidal thoughts than boys (30.3% vs. 12.7%). Suicidal ideation was more common among adolescents who were not living with their family prior to entering detention centers (22.6% vs. 13.2%) than their counterparts. The likelihood of suicidal ideation was significantly associated with problem drinking [odds ratio (OR) = 1.84], psychedelic drug use (OR = 2.04), feeling unhappy (OR = 3.05), feeling sad or depressed (OR = 13.37) after controlling for sociodemographic factors, other health behaviors and perceptions.Conclusion
The present study provides evidence for an association between suicidal ideation and psychological health and health risk behaviors among juvenile delinquents. It also highlights the importance of mental health and behavioral interventions for this population to prevent suicidality. 相似文献12.
Won-Kyung Lee Hye-Ah Lee Seung-sik Hwang Ho Kim Youn-Hee Lim Yun-Chul Hong Eun-Hee Ha Hyesook Park 《Journal of epidemiology / Japan Epidemiological Association》2015,25(8):544-552
Background
There are few data on the interaction between temperature and snow and rain precipitation, although they could interact in their effects on road traffic injuries.Methods
The integrated database of the Korea Road Traffic Authority was used to calculate the daily frequency of road traffic injuries in Seoul. Weather data included rain and snow precipitation, temperature, pressure, and fog from May 2007 to December 2011. Precipitation of rain and snow were divided into nine and six temperature range categories, respectively. The interactive effects of temperature and rain and snow precipitation on road traffic injuries were analyzed using a generalized additive model with a Poisson distribution.Results
The risk of road traffic injuries during snow increased when the temperature was below freezing. Road traffic injuries increased by 6.6% when it was snowing and above 0°C, whereas they increased by 15% when it was snowing and at or below 0°C. In terms of heavy rain precipitation, moderate temperatures were related to an increased prevalence of injuries. When the temperature was 0–20°C, we found a 12% increase in road traffic injuries, whereas it increased by 8.5% and 6.8% when it was <0°C and >20°C, respectively. The interactive effect was consistent across the traffic accident subtypes.Conclusions
The effect of adverse weather conditions on road traffic injuries differed depending on the temperature. More road traffic injuries were related to rain precipitation when the temperature was moderate and to snow when it was below freezing.Key words: injuries, precipitation, snow, traffic accidents, weather 相似文献13.
Hanayo Koetaka Yuko Ohno Kanehisa Morimoto 《Environmental health and preventive medicine》2013,18(4):335-340
Objectives
To reveal change patterns in self-reported lifestyle data for 9 years, and examine the characteristics of changes by type of lifestyle and ageing.Methods
The authors used the lifestyle data of 7,080 male workers aged 20–59 who received checkups for 9 years. The proportions of change patterns during the 9 years were determined in seven health practices; smoking, eating breakfast, sleeping hours, working hours, physical exercise, eating nutritional balanced diets, and mental stress.Results
Among seven health practices, the keep rate of good health practice was highest for the non-smoking (90.8 %), followed by eating breakfast (69.0 %);and the lowest was physical exercise (13.7 %). The keep rate of poor health practice was highest for smoking (73.8 %), followed by non-physical exercise (67.1 %). The lowest rate of multiple changes during 10 years was smoking (7.1 %); the highest was mental stress (68.5 %).Conclusions
As for the life style on smoking and eating breakfast seemed to be stable, using the data obtained at a specific point in time wouldn’t much affect the results. On the contrary, for other life styles, they showed poor continuity during 9 years, so it would be necessary to take into consideration the time point of data collection. 相似文献14.
Takeshi Saito Nobuyuki Miyatake Kenji Nishii 《Environmental health and preventive medicine》2015,20(5):388-391
Objective
To investigate the link between cigarette smoking and one leg with eyes closed balance in Japanese men.Subjects and methods
We used data from 4224 Japanese men, aged 43.3 ± 13.9 years, in this cross-sectional study. Balance, such as one leg with eyes closed balance was measured. In addition, cigarette smoking habits were obtained by well-trained medical staff. The effect of cigarette smoking on one leg with eye closed balance was evaluated.Results
A total of 1613 men (38.2 %) had smoking habit and 1471 men (34.8 %) regularly exercised. Age-related changes in one leg with eyes closed balance were noted. One leg with eyes closed balance in subjects with cigarette smoking (30.9 ± 31.8 s) was significantly lower than those in subjects without cigarette smoking (32.4 ± 33.5 s) even after adjusting for confounding factors i.e. age, body weight and exercise habits.Conclusion
Cigarette smoking might be associated with one leg with eyes closed balance in Japanese men. 相似文献15.
Hachung Yoon Oun-Kyong Moon Wooseog Jeong Jida Choi Young-Myong Kang Hyo-Young Ahn Jee-Hye Kim Dae-Sung Yoo Young-Jin Kwon Woo-Seok Chang Myeong-Soo Kim Do-Soon Kim Yong-Sang Kim Yi-Seok Joo 《Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives》2015,6(2):106-111
Objectives
This study describes the outbreaks of H5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in Korea during the first wave, from January 16, 2014 through July 25, 2014. Its purpose is to provide a better understanding of the epidemiology of H5N8 HPAI.Methods
Information on the outbreak farms and HPAI positive wild birds was provided by the Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency. The epidemiological investigation sheets for the outbreak farms were examined.Results
During the 7-month outbreak period (January–July 2014), H5N8 HPAI was confirmed in 212 poultry farms, 38 specimens from wild birds (stools, birds found dead or captured). Ducks were the most frequently infected poultry species (159 outbreak farms, 75.0%), and poultry in 67 (31.6%) outbreak farms was asymptomatic.Conclusion
As in the previous four H5N1 epidemics of HPAI that occurred in Korea, this epidemic of H5N8 proved to be associated with migratory birds. Poultry farms in Korea can hardly be free from the risk of HPAI introduced via migratory birds. The best way to overcome this geographical factor is to reinforce biosecurity to prevent exposure of farms, related people, and poultry to the pathogen. 相似文献16.
Sri Ratna Rahayu Hironobu Katsuyama Masashi Demura Midori Katsuyama Yoko Ota Hideji Tanii Tomomi Higashi Ngakan Putu Djaja Semadi Kiyofumi Saijoh 《Environmental health and preventive medicine》2015,20(4):253-261
Objectives
Indonesia is ranked as the 4th highest contributor to tuberculosis (TB) in the world. Semarang District in Central Java displays extremely low case detection rate (CDR), possibly contributing to the local prevalence of TB.Methods
A case–control study was performed to explore the factors that cause such low CDR. We recruited 129 TB cases and 83 controls that visited the same centers and were not diagnosed with TB.Results
The cases had 7.5 ± 2.3 symptoms/person on average, indicating the delay in diagnosis because the controls only displayed 1.0 ± 1.7. The multiple logistic regression analysis comparing the cases/controls extracted following factors as a risk to have TB: farmer, close contact with TB patients, ignorance of whether Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) was accepted or no, smoking, low income, a lot of people living in the same room, irregular hand wash before meals, not wash hands after blow, soil floor, and no sunlight and no ventilation in the house.Conclusions
Neither the cases nor the controls knew the symptoms and how to avoid TB infection, which probably caused the delay in diagnosis. It is difficult to change the current living conditions. Thus, the amendment of the community-based education program of TB seems to be required. 相似文献17.
Yunhwan Kim Sunmi Lee Chaeshin Chu Seoyun Choe Saeme Hong Youngseo Shin 《Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives》2016,7(1):49-55
Objectives
The outbreak of Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was one of the major events in South Korea in 2015. In particular, this study pays attention to formulating a mathematical model for MERS transmission dynamics and estimating transmission rates.Methods
Incidence data of MERS-CoV from the government authority was analyzed for the first aim and a mathematical model was built and analyzed for the second aim of the study. A mathematical model for MERS-CoV transmission dynamics is used to estimate the transmission rates in two periods due to the implementation of intensive interventions.Results
Using the estimates of the transmission rates, the basic reproduction number was estimated in two periods. Due to the superspreader, the basic reproduction number was very large in the first period; however, the basic reproduction number of the second period has reduced significantly after intensive interventions.Conclusion
It turned out to be the intensive isolation and quarantine interventions that were the most critical factors that prevented the spread of the MERS outbreak. The results are expected to be useful to devise more efficient intervention strategies in the future. 相似文献18.
Vivek V. Gupta Nagesh Bhat Kailash Asawa Mridula Tak Salil Bapat Pulkit Chaturvedi 《Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives》2015,6(2):73-78
Objectives
A study was conducted with the purpose to assess the knowledge and attitude towards informed consent among private dental practitioners in Bathinda City, Punjab, India.Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted among all private dental practitioners in Bathinda City. A self-administered structured questionnaire consisting of 14 items was used to assess their knowledge and attitude regarding informed consent. The response format was based on a 3-point Likert scale. One-way analysis of variance, independent sample t test, and stepwise multiple linear regression analysis were utilized for statistical analysis. Confidence level and level of significance were set at 95% and 5%, respectively.Results
The mean scores for knowledge and attitude were 19.37 ± 31.82 and 9.40 ± 1.72, respectively. Analysis revealed that qualification and years of experience was statistically significant among both dependent variables (p ≤ 0.05).Conclusion
An unbalanced knowledge of informed consent among the current dentists has suggested the need for awareness programs to fill the knowledge gaps and instill positive attitudes. 相似文献19.
Katie R Maggard Sisa Hatwiinda Jennifer B Harris Winifreda Phiri Annika Krüüner Kaunda Kaunda Stephanie M Topp Nathan Kapata Helen Ayles Chisela Chileshe German Henostroza Stewart E Reid 《Bulletin of the World Health Organization》2015,93(2):93-101
Objective
To improve the Zambia Prisons Service’s implementation of tuberculosis screening and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing.Methods
For both tuberculosis and HIV, we implemented mass screening of inmates and community-based screening of those residing in encampments adjacent to prisons. We also established routine systems – with inmates as peer educators – for the screening of newly entered or symptomatic inmates. We improved infection control measures, increased diagnostic capacity and promoted awareness of tuberculosis in Zambia’s prisons.Findings
In a period of 9 months, we screened 7638 individuals and diagnosed 409 new patients with tuberculosis. We tested 4879 individuals for HIV and diagnosed 564 cases of infection. An additional 625 individuals had previously been found to be HIV-positive. Including those already on tuberculosis treatment at the time of screening, the prevalence of tuberculosis recorded in the prisons and adjacent encampments – 6.4% (6428/100 000) – is 18 times the national prevalence estimate of 0.35%. Overall, 22.9% of the inmates and 13.8% of the encampment residents were HIV-positive.Conclusion
Both tuberculosis and HIV infection are common within Zambian prisons. We enhanced tuberculosis screening and improved the detection of tuberculosis and HIV in this setting. Our observations should be useful in the development of prison-based programmes for tuberculosis and HIV elsewhere. 相似文献20.
Hye-Kyung Yu Tae-Young Heo Na-Young Kim Jin-Sook Wang Jae-Kyeong Lee Sung Soon Kim Mee-Kyung Kee 《Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives》2014,5(4):187-192