PPARα as a therapeutic target in inflammation-associated diseases

Introduction: The nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) plays a major regulatory function of genes involved in energy metabolism and is a therapeutic target for dyslipidemia. The last decade provided a constellation of findings demonstrating that PPARα behaves as a modulator of both acute and chronic inflammation. PPARα became a rational potential therapeutic target for the treatment of inflammatory disorders.

Aeras covered: The ability of PPARα to control inflammatory signaling pathways via a diversity of molecular mechanisms is discussed. This review is especially focused on the global action of PPARα on inflammation in several tissues from data obtained in numerous cell types and in vivo models exposed to inflammatory stimuli.

Expert opinion: Available PPARα agonists currently used in clinic belong to the class of hypolipidemic drugs but were not expected and not designed to act as anti-inflammatory drugs. To date, accumulating preclinical suggest evidence promising benefits when considering PPARα as a drug target to treat inflammatory disorders. However, clinical studies are needed to validate this concept. Drug design should also be directed toward the elaboration of PPARα agonists more specifically active in the control inflammatory signaling.     

Interleukin-6 reverses Adriamycin resistance in nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma via downregulation of ABCC4 and inactivation of the JAK2/STAT3/NF-κB/P65 pathway

Chemotherapy is generally effective for extranodal natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTCL), nasal type. Nevertheless, multidrug resistance (MDR) remains a key challenge in treating nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is reportedly an important regulator of MDR in many cancers, implicating a role of IL-6 in the chemotherapy response. However, the effects and mechanism of IL-6 in nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma remain unclear. Herein, we demonstrated that the IL-6 serum level was decreased in nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma patients compared to chronic rhinitis patients. Lower serum levels of IL-6 were closely correlated with Ki67 expression and patient survival. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) drug transporter ABCC4 in patients was abnormally upregulated. IL-6 significantly inhibited resistance to Adriamycin (ADM) in ADM-resistant SNK-6 cells (SNK-6/ADM). Moreover, IL-6 resulted in cell cycle arrest and led to apoptosis in SNK-6/ADM cells. Furthermore, IL-6 decreased ABCC4, p-JAK2, p-STAT3, and phospho-NF-κB p65 expression in SNK-6/ADM cells. IL-6 in combination with ADM inhibited tumor growth and increased the survival of SNK-6/ADM xenograft mice. In conclusion, our findings suggest that IL-6 can inhibit the upregulation of ABCC4 and inactivate the JAK2/STAT3/NF-κB/P65 pathway to sensitize NK/T-cell lymphoma to ADM, indicating that combination therapy with IL-6 and other chemotherapeutic drugs may be effective in reversing acquired resistance in nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma.     

湿润烧伤膏对脂多糖致大鼠皮肤成纤维细胞损伤的改善作用及其机制研究

目的:研究湿润烧伤膏对脂多糖致大鼠皮肤成纤维细胞损伤的改善作用及其机制.方法:将大鼠皮肤成纤维细胞分为对照组、脂多糖组(5μg/mL)、康复新液组(阳性对照,5μg/mL脂多糖+1.25％康复新液)和湿润烧伤膏组(5μg/mL脂多糖+0.6 mg/mL湿润烧伤膏),每组设置6个复孔.以脂多糖诱导建立炎性损伤细胞摸型(对...     

利奈唑胺在重症患者中药动学研究进展

利奈唑胺是使用广泛的抗革兰氏阳性菌药物,本文总结利奈唑胺在重症患者中药动学的主要变化,为利奈唑胺在重症患者中的合理使用提供参考.重症患者中利奈唑胺的吸收和分布并未发生显著变化;肝功能不全、肾功能异常、肾脏替代治疗和体外膜肺氧合等会影响利奈唑胺的清除率,导致治疗浓度发生变化,影响治疗效果.重症患者使用利奈唑胺时,建议实行...     

高车前素对肝癌细胞增殖的抑制作用及作用机制研究

目的研究高车前素对肝癌细胞增殖的抑制作用,检测高车前素对Janus蛋白酪氨酸激酶/信号转导和转录活化蛋白(JAK/STAT3)信号通路的影响。方法采用四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)法检测不同浓度高车前素(1,5,10,25,50,100,200μmol/L)对Bel-7402肝癌细胞株增殖的影响。高车前素(5,25,100μmol/L)预处理Bel-7402肝癌细胞48 h,采用Transwell小室检测各组细胞的体外侵袭能力,蛋白印迹法检测p-STAT3、Twist1和Bcl-2蛋白表达差异。结果高车前素能浓度依赖性抑制Bel-7402肝癌细胞株增殖。高车前素(25,100μmol/L)预处理能显著减弱Bel-7402肝癌细胞的体外侵袭力,抑制p-STAT3、Twist1和Bcl-2蛋白表达(P<0.05)。结论高车前素可能通过JAK/STAT3通路,抑制p-STAT3、Twist1蛋白活性表达,从而抑制抗凋亡的Bcl-2蛋白表达,来发挥有效抑制肝癌细胞增殖的作用。     

葛根素对人骨肿瘤细胞株 MG63 的增殖抑制和诱导凋亡作用

目的 探讨葛根素对人骨肉瘤细胞株MG63的作用及其机制。方法 取对数生长期的MG63细胞分别用不同浓度的葛根素处理(0,25,50,100 mmol·L^-1)。细胞培养48 h后,利用MTT检测MG63细胞增殖水平;流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡水平,RT-PCR检测PI3K、AKT、Bax、Bcl-2、p53 和 p21 mRNA水平。Western blotting 检测PI3K、AKT、Bax、 Bcl-2、p53和p21表达水平。结果 葛根素浓度依赖性的诱导MG63细胞增殖抑制、凋亡和 Bax 表达,减少PI3K、AKT、Bcl-2、p53和p21表达。结论 葛根素可通过抑制PI3K/AKT/p53信号通路而诱导MG63细胞增殖抑制和凋亡。     

齐墩果酸对人卵巢癌SKOV3细胞增殖、侵袭、转移的影响及其作用机制研究

目的:探讨齐墩果酸抑制人卵巢癌SKOV3细胞增殖、侵袭、转移的作用及其机制。方法:采用CCK-8法检测不同浓度齐墩果酸(10、20、40、60、80、100μmol/L)作用12、24、36、48 h对卵巢癌SKOV3细胞增殖能力的影响;采用Transwell实验观察低、高剂量齐墩果酸(20、40μmol/L)作用24 h对SKOV3细胞迁移及侵袭能力的影响;采用Western Blotting法检测低、高剂量齐墩果酸对SKOV3细胞中核因子κB p65(NF-κB p65)、肝再生磷酸酶3(PRL-3)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)、上皮钙黏着蛋白E(E-cadherin)等蛋白表达的影响;运用脂多糖(LPS)诱导和NF-κB p65质粒转染SKOV3细胞,采用Western blotting法和实时荧光定量PCR考察低、高剂量齐墩果酸对NF-κB/PRL-3通路相关蛋白及其mRNA表达的影响。结果:随着齐墩果酸给药浓度的增加和作用时间的延长,SKOV3细胞的增殖能力有随之降低的趋势,各剂量组的细胞存活率均显著低于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.0...     

孟鲁司特对哮喘患者NF-κB、IL-10及气道反应的作用

目的：观察孟鲁司特对哮喘患者外周血NF—κB活性、IL-10水平及气道反应性的作用。方法：对40例哮喘患者（治疗组）在常规治疗的基础上加用孟鲁司特治疗3个月。观察治疗前后外周血NF—κB活性,血浆IL-10、IgE的水平和嗜酸性粒细胞（EOS）计数的变化,并进行气道反应性测定。并以30例同期入选的健康体检者作对照（对照组）。结果：治疗组患者治疗前外周血NF—κB活性、血浆IgE水平和EOS细胞数高于对照组,血浆IL-10水平低于对照组,治疗后外周血NF—κB活性、血浆IgE水平和EOS细胞数降低,IL—10水平上升。同时气道对组胺的反应阈值Dmin提高,对组胺的反应性Rrsc降低。结论：孟鲁司特治疗哮喘的作用机制可能是通过上调IL-10水平,降低NF—κB活性,从而抑制EOS聚集,达到治疗哮喘的目的。     

不同工艺提取的大黄外用对肺炎支原体感染小鼠肺部炎症的影响

目的 探讨不同工艺提取的大黄外用对肺炎支原体(Mycoplasma pneumoniae,MP)感染小鼠JAK2/STAT3信号通路的影响,探究其改善小鼠肺部炎症的效应靶点.方法 将40只BALB/c小鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、生粉组、醇提组,每组10只.除正常组小鼠外,其余3组采用滴鼻法进行MP感染.造模后,将各组对...     

Inhibitory Effect of β-Elemene Emulsion on Platelet Aggregation and its Mechanism

为阐明β榄香烯的抗血小板作用，本文分别采用比浊法和放免法测定大鼠连续ｉｐ７ｄβ榄香烯乳６．２５～１２．５ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｄ－１后对血小板聚集、血浆ｋｅｔｏＰＧＦ１α和ＴＸＢ２水平的影响。结果表明，本品分别使凝血酶、花生四烯酸和ＡＤＰ诱导血小板最大聚集率下降３８．３％～４２．６％，１４．７％～１９．１％和７．２％～１０．８％，血浆ＴＸＢ２从８８ｎｇ·Ｌ－１下降至７２ｎｇ·Ｌ－１，ｋｅｔｏＰＧＦ１α从１７．５ｎｇ·Ｌ－１增加至２０．９ｎｇ·Ｌ－１。提示ＴＸＢ２降低和ｋｅｔｏＰＧＦ１α值增加是其抑制血小板聚集的作用机制之一。