二尖瓣形态对经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术近远期疗效的影响

目的 观察不同瓣膜形态的二尖瓣狭窄患者行经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术的近远期疗效.方法 根据Wilkins超声二尖瓣形态学积分,将385例二尖瓣狭窄患者分为＞8分组(125例)和≤8分组(260例).均采用改良Inoue法对患者行经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术.术后进行随访,并比较两组患者的临床疗效.结果 经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术成功370例,＞8分组经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术的成功率低于≤8分组(92.8％比97.7％,P＜0.05).术后6个月,两组患者各项超声心动图检查指标均较术前显著改善(均P＜0.05);与≤8分组(254例)比较,＞8分组(116例)经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术后左心房平均压、肺动脉收缩压、跨瓣压差及二尖瓣瓣口面积的改变值均较小[分别为(14.22±5.02)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)比(15.44±5.19) mm Hg、(26.13±9.27) mm Hg比(31.93±9.98)mm Hg、(9.21±4.11)mm Hg比(10.16 ±4.21)mm Hg和(1.02±0.15)cm2比(1.20±0.22)cm2,均P＜0.05].经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术成功且完成远期随访[(78±20)个月]的患者共353例,两组患者各项超声心动图检查指标均较术前显著改善(均P＜0.05);与≤8分组(245例)比较,＞8分组(108例)左心房平均压、肺动脉收缩压、跨瓣压差及二尖瓣瓣口面积的改变值均较小[分别为(13.28±5.06) mm Hg比(14.77±5.17)mm Hg、(21.19±9.17) mm Hg比(28.92±9.91) mm Hg、(7.30±4.40)mm Hg比(9.16±4.28)mm Hg和(0.92±0.17)cm2比(1.07±0.20)cm2,均P＜0.05],且再狭窄发生率较高(20.4％比8.2％,P＜0.05).结论 二尖瓣瓣膜形态是决定经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术疗效的关键因素之一.对于超声二尖瓣形态学积分低的患者,经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术成功率较高,术后近期及远期随访疗效较好,再狭窄发生率较低,治疗方案可优先选择经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术.     

The impact of mitral valve morphology on the long-term outcome of mitral balloon valvuloplasty.

BACKGROUND: The effect of mitral valve morphology (MVM) on the long-term results of mitral balloon valvuloplasty (MBV) is not well established. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of MVM on long-term outcome of MBV. METHODS: Five hundred and eighteen consecutive patients (mean age, 31+/-11 years) who underwent successful MBV were followed up for 0.5-16.5 (mean, 6+/-4.5) years. Patients were divided into two groups according to their mitral echo score (MES) before MBV: group A (n=340; MES8). RESULTS: We report the immediate and long-term clinical and echocardiographic results of the above-mentioned 518 consecutive patients. The mitral valve area was significantly larger in group A than in group B, both immediately after MBV (2.0+/-0.3 vs. 1.82+/-0.3 cm2, respectively; P<0.0001) and also at the last follow-up (1.8+/-0.33 vs. 1.5+/-0.33 cm2, respectively; P<0.0001). Restenosis occurred in 38/340 (11%) in group A vs. 73/178 (41%) in group B (P<0.0001). Actuarial freedom from restenosis at 5, 10, 15 years were 92+/-2%, 85+/-3%, 65+/-6% for group A vs. 72+/-4%, 44+/-5%, 9+/-6% for group B (P<0.001). Event-free survival rates at 5, 10, 15 years for group A were 93+/-1%, 88+/-2%, 66+/-6% vs. 82+/-3%, 59+/-6%, 8+/-7% for group B (P<0.0001). Stepwise Cox multivariate regression analysis identified MES, preprocedure functional class, and postprocedure mitral valve area相似文献   

再次经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术39例远期疗效观察

目的 观察经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术后再狭窄的患者,行再次经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术的远期疗效.方法 39例经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术后再狭窄的患者,全部采用改良Inoue法,再次行经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术,并进行远期疗效随访.结果 39例患者再次行经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术,成功36例(成功率为92.3%).再次经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术成功后,患者临床症状及部分血流动力学指标(左心房平均压、二尖瓣瓣口面积、跨瓣压差及肺动脉收缩压)明显改善[分别为(24.50±6.54)mm Hg比(9.66±4.21)mill Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa),(1.05±0.19)cm2比(2.23±0.22)cm2,(17.03±4.52)mm Hg比(7.79±4.07)mm Hg,(58.12±12.68)mm Hg比(31.45±10.02)mm Hg,P均＜0.05];而左心房内径无明显改变[(4.71±0.75)cm比(4.07±0.69)cm,P＞0.05]. 36例患者再次经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术后随访12～146(69±23)个月,远期随访可见二尖瓣瓣121面积仍明显大于术前[(2.02±0.21)cm2比(1.05±0.19)cm2,P＜0.05],跨瓣压差明显小于术前[(9.15±4.11)mm Hg比(17.03±4.52)mm Hg,P＜0.05],且均与近期随访结果相近似[分别为(2.02±0.21)cm2比(2.23±0.22)cm2,(9.15±4.11)mm Hg比(7.79±4.07)mm Hg,P均＞0.05];而左心房内径仍无明显改变[(4.13±0.71)cm比(4.07±0.69)cm,P＞0.05].远期随访期间,大多数患者心功能及生活质量均明显改善.结论 对于经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术后再狭窄的患者,只要病例选择恰当,手术操作正确,再次行经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术的近期及远期疗效均佳.     

Influence of commissural calcification on the immediate outcomes of percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the impact of mild to moderate commissural calcification on the immediate outcomes of percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty (PBMV). METHODS AND RESULTS: We analysed the results of 223 consecutive patients (mean age 37.6 +/- 8.7 years) who underwent PBMV for rheumatic mitral stenosis. Commissural calcification was identified with a two-dimensional echocardiography (echo) in 65 (29.1%) patients with the severity of calcification being graded from 0-3. The anatomy and function of the mitral valve were assessed byWilkins echo score. In patients with no commissural calcification the increase in mitral valve area after PBMV was 0.90 +/- 0.42 cm2, which was greater than the increase in those with calcification grade 1 (0.83 +/- 0.42 cm2, p < 0.05), grade 2 (0.72 +/- 0.38 cm2, p < 0.05) and grade 3 (0.63 +/- 0.13 cm2, p < 0.05). In patients with an echo score of < or = 8, the presence of commissural calcification was associated with a smaller increase in mitral valve area (p < 0.05) and a smaller reduction in New York Heart Association (NYHA) function class after PBMV (p < 0.05). In patients with an echo score of more than 8, commissural calcification had no significant effect on the valve area increase and NYHA function class reduction (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Commissural calcification has an adverse effect on the clinical results of PBMV. Detailed pre-procedural assessment of commissural calcification with echocardiography must be performed to provide background information on the immediate outcomes of PBMV.     

经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术的远期疗效

目的 观察经皮球囊三尖瓣成形术近期及远期疗效.方法 自1992年4月至2008年11月采用Inoue单球囊法对1768例风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄患者行经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术(PBMV)治疗.对其中自1992年4月至1998年8月426例术后10年患者进行随访.球囊扩张前后均采用同步记录左心房和左心室压力,计算二尖瓣跨瓣压差.术前、术后及随访中均采用超声心动图检查和临床心功能评价.结果 1748例完成PBMV治疗,成功率为98.86%.左心房平均压由术前(38±7)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)下降至(12±4)mm Hg(P<0.001),二尖瓣平均跨瓣压差由术前(28±6)mm Hg下降至(8±3)mm Hg(P<0.001),二尖瓣口面积由术前(0.98±0.26)cm~2增加至(1.97±0.39)cm~2(P<0.001).主要并发症为死亡2例,急性心包填塞1例,肺水肿1例,重度二尖瓣反流12例,脑栓塞2例.426例PBMV术后10年随访,心功能仍然维持在纽约心功能Ⅰ～Ⅱ级而未冉进行PBMV或换瓣术者288例(67.6%),冉狭窄140例(33.3%),死亡31例(7.5%).结论 PBMV是治疗风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄的有效方法 .     

A new approach for transseptal catheterization in patients undergoing percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty

AIMS: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a new approach for transseptal catheterization in patients undergoing percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty (PBMV). METHODS: One hundred and two patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis were randomized into two groups. In the study group (RA approach), an imaginary horizontal line was drawn from the top end of the tricuspid valve under anteroposterior fluoroscopic view. The intersection of the horizontal line and the right edge of the corresponding thoracic vertebra was defined as the upper border of the Fossa ovalis. The atrial septum was punctured from a point 0.5 cm below the upper border of the Fossa ovalis. In the control group (LA approach), an imaginary horizontal line was drawn between the upper and middle third of the left atrium, and the intersection of this horizontal line and the right edge of the corresponding thoracic vertebra was used as an atrial septum puncture point. RESULTS: Atrial septum puncture succeeded in all patients in the study group and in 72.6% of the patients in the control group (p < 0.01). The average fluoroscopy times for transseptal catheterization in the study and the control groups were 2.0 +/- 0.5 and 3.0 +/- 1.0 min, respectively (p < 0.01). Transseptal catheterization was subsequently achieved using the RA approach in the 14 patients from the control group in whom the LA approach failed. CONCLUSIONS: The RA approach is a safe and effective means for transseptal catheterization in patients undergoing PBMV.     

经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术长期临床疗效的评价

目的:评价经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术(PBMV)的长期临床疗效。方法:采用改良In-oue方法对143例风湿性二尖瓣狭窄患者行PBMV治疗,并对其中140例患者进行了术后长期随访。结果:与术前相比,术后二尖瓣口面积(MVA)增大[(1.03±0.55)cm~2对(2.03±0.37)cm~2],二尖瓣跨瓣压差(MVG)降低[(18.1±4.8)mmHg对(4.1±2.3)mmHg],左心房内径(LAD)减小[(4.67±1.10)cm对(4.13±0.59)cm],P<0.001。平均随访(90±24)个月时MVA(1.73±0.48)cm~2,MVG(6.5±3.4)mmHg,LAD(4.21±0.82)cm。29例患者发生了再狭窄,再狭窄率为20.7％。结论:PBMV术后长期临床疗效良好。     

经皮球囊二尖瓣扩张术后再狭窄及远期疗效

目的对经皮二尖瓣球囊扩张术（ＰＢＭＶ）后病人长期随访资料作了回顾性分析，以确定再狭窄率、远期疗效及其影响因素。方法对１９８６年５月～１９９５年１２月随访资料完整的１６０例患者进行了回顾性研究，其中男５５例，女１０５例，年龄３８９±８９岁。随访时间１２～８１个月，平均３６±１５个月。对影响远期疗效的因素，用Ｃｏｘ风险模型作了分析。结果随访期间，１２７例（７９％）心功能持续改善。超声心动图测得的术前、术后及随访的二尖瓣口面积分别为１１５±０２ｃｍ２、２１５±０４ｃｍ２和１９２±０４ｃｍ２。２６例（１７％）发生再狭窄，其中１７例症状复发。结论ＰＢＭＶ术后可保持较好的远期疗效，平均３６个月的再狭窄率为１７％。术前超声心动图计分、心功能、有无心房颤动和左房压为长期疗效的独立预测因素。     

经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术长期临床疗效的评价

目的评价经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术(PBMV)的长期临床疗效. 方法采用改良In-oue方法对143例风湿性二尖瓣狭窄患者行PBMV治疗,并对其中140例患者进行了术后长期随访. 结果与术前相比,术后二尖瓣口面积(MVA)增大[(1.03±0.55)cm2对(2.03±0.37)cm2],二尖瓣跨瓣压差(MVG)降低[(18.1±4.8)mmHg对(4.1±2.3)mmHg],左心房内径(LAD)减小[(4.67±1.10)cm对(4.13±0.59)cm],P＜0.001.平均随访(90±24)个月时MVA(1.73±0.48)cm2,MVG(6.5±3.4)mmHg,LAD(4.21±0.82)cm.29例患者发生了再狭窄,再狭窄率为20.7%. 结论PBMV术后长期临床疗效良好.     

Prediction of successful outcome in 130 patients undergoing percutaneous balloon mitral valvotomy

We studied 130 patients undergoing percutaneous balloon mitral valvotomy. The relation between valvular morphology according to a previously described echocardiographic scoring system and hemodynamic outcome expressed as qualitative ("good" and suboptimal) and as absolute change in valve area was analyzed. The relative importance of the individual components of this echocardiographic score (valvular thickening, mobility, calcification, and subvalvular disease) to the change in valve area after valvotomy was also examined. Mean transmitral pressure gradient decreased from 16 +/- 6 to 6 +/- 3 mm Hg (p less than 0.0001), and mitral valve area increased from 0.9 +/- 0.3 to 1.8 +/- 0.7 cm2 (p less than 0.0001). Results in individual patients were variable. Eighty-four percent (61 of 73) of patients with an echocardiographic score of 8 or less had a "good" outcome (final valve area greater than or equal to 1.5 cm2 and an increase in valve area of greater than or equal to 25%), whereas 58% (33 of 57) of patients with an echocardiographic score of 8 or more had a suboptimal result (p less than 0.001). The sensitivity of an echocardiographic score of 8 or less for predicting a "good" outcome was 72%, and the specificity was 73%. The echocardiographic score correlated negatively (r = -0.40, p less than 0.0001) with the absolute increase in mitral valve area after valvotomy, but there was substantial scatter in the data. Of the four components of the total echocardiographic score, valvular thickening correlated best with the absolute change in value area (r = -0.47, p less than 0.0001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

经皮二尖瓣球囊扩张术394例随访结果

目的　观察经皮二尖瓣球囊扩张术(PBMV)治疗风湿性心脏病(风心病)二尖瓣狭窄的中、远期疗效。方法　采用Inoue单球囊对680例风心病二尖瓣狭窄者行PBMV术治疗,其中394例进行了随访。平均随访时间(36±14)个月。结果　二尖瓣平均跨瓣压差由(18.2±6.8)mmHg降至(7.2±3.8)mmHg,瓣口面积由(1.04±0.21)cm2增至(1.98±0.55)cm2,左房内径由(44±8)mm降至(38±6)mm;8例出现明显再狭窄,其中5例再次PBMV术,3例行瓣膜置换术。结论　随访结果证实,PBMV治疗风心病二尖瓣狭窄的中、远期效果良好,瓣膜条件特别是瓣下病变的程度是影响中、远期疗效的重要因素。     

Intracardiac echocardiography-guided percutaneous mitral balloon valvuloplasty

Percutaneous mitral balloon valvuloplasty (PMBV) was initially described by Inoue in 1984 as a novel percutaneous technique for the management of mitral stenosis. Intracardiac echocardiography was initially used in the 1980s but was not universally accepted due to its high-frequency transducers and problems with steerability and manipulation. In the 1990s technical improvements led to more generalized use in various structural interventional procedures. We present the case of a successful PMBV guided exclusively by ICE.     

老年二尖瓣狭窄患者经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术的探讨

目的探讨老年二尖瓣狭窄患者接受经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术(PBMV)的疗效和安全性。方法观察同期行PBMV的65例(年龄≥60岁)老年二尖瓣狭窄患者(老年组)和516例青壮年二尖瓣狭窄患者(青壮年组)的疗效和安全性。结果老年二尖瓣狭窄患者与青壮年二尖瓣狭窄患者接受PBMV的疗效和安全性相当;老年患者PBMV后二尖瓣再狭窄发生率显著低于青壮年(P<0.05)。结论老年二尖瓣狭窄患者和青壮年二尖瓣狭窄患者一样接受PBMV治疗安全、有效,且不易发生二尖瓣再狭窄。     

One-year outcome of cardioversion of atrial fibrillation in patients with mitral stenosis after percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty

Our objectives were to study the success rate of electrical cardioversion after percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty (PBMV) in patients with symptomatic moderate-to-severe mitral stenosis and atrial fibrillation (AF) and the maintenance rate of sinus rhythm for < or =1 year. We studied patients with mitral stenosis and AF who were scheduled for PBMV. Electrical cardioversion was performed 1 month after PBMV. Amiodarone 200 mg/day was started the day after PBMV. The primary outcomes studied were the rate of successful cardioversion and the maintenance rate of sinus rhythm at 12 months. Of 272 patients scheduled for PBMV, 70 were enrolled. The average age was 45 +/- 10 years. The average mitral valve area was 0.82 +/- 0.22 cm(2). Cardioversion was successful in 50 patients (71%). Logistic regression analysis revealed that left atrial size and associated aortic valvular disease were predictors of successful cardioversion. Of the 50 patients with successful cardioversion, AF recurred in 24 (48%). An increased left atrial diameter was the only factor associated with AF recurrence at 12 months. In conclusion, good candidates for cardioversion after PBMV were those with a left atrial diameter of <60 mm and no associated aortic valvular disease -- approximately 43% of patients with AF scheduled for PBMV. In this group, about 2/3 were in sinus rhythm at 12 months after cardioversion.     

老年人经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术

目的:探讨经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术(PBMV)治疗老年人二尖瓣狭窄(MS)的临床疗效。方法:采用Inoue法对13例年龄≥60岁的MS患者施行PBMV,其中10人接受5-12年中长期随访,收集术前、术后及随访结束时有关心脏参数,进行分析比较。结果:术前、术后及随访5-12年测得参数:(1)二尖瓣瓣口面积(MVA)分别为:0.96±0.15 cm2、1.73±0.27 cm2、1.51±0.32 cm2(P<0.01),后两者与术前比较P<0.01;(2)二尖瓣跨瓣压分别为2.82±1.51 kPa、0.87±0.34 kPa、1.52±0.41 kPa,后两者与术前比较P<0.01;(3)左房平均压分别为3.82±1.73kPa、1.81±0.95 kPa、2.16±0.52 kPa,后两者与术前比较P<0.01。术后心功能改善1级以上者100％,术后5-12年随访心功能仍维持在Ⅱ级以上者占80％,5-12年后再狭窄发生率20％。结论:PBMV治疗老年人MS的近期及中远期疗效均满意,未见严重并发症,是一种安全有效的治疗方法。     

Repeat percutaneous mitral balloon valvuloplasty for patients with mitral valve restenosis

Objectives : To determine immediate and long‐term clinical outcome, as well prognostic factors in patients who underwent repeat percutaneous mitral balloon valvuloplasty (PMBV). Background : Repeat PMBV may be a method of treatment for symptomatic patients with restenosis after successful initial PMBV, but data regarding its long term safety and efficacy are scarce. Methods : The study group consisted of 67 patients (mean age 52.1 ± 10.5 years). All PMBV procedures were performed using the Inoue balloon system. Results : Repeat PMBV resulted in significant increase in MVA from 1.17 ± 0.16 cm² to 1.63 ± 0.22 cm² (P < 0.001). Good immediate result (MVA ≥1.5 cm², mitral regurgitation ≤2) was obtained in 52 (77.6%) patients and was not predicted by any analyzed factors. During follow‐up (mean time 4.9 ± 2.9 years) six patients died, nine underwent mitral valve replacement, four—third PMBV, and four developed heart failure. The 3‐, 5‐, and 8‐year good functional results (survival free of mitral valve replacement, third PMBV or heart failure ≥ NYHA III) by Kaplan–Meier estimates were 89.3, 75.6, and 52.6%, respectively. These results were significantly superior in patients with good immediate results and echo score <7. In the entire population multivariate Cox regression analysis identified echo score <7 and absence of prior surgical commissurotomy as the independent predictors of event‐free survival. Conclusions : Repeat PMBV is safe and provides good immediate results in patients with restenosis after successful first procedure. Long‐term results of repeat PMBV are satisfactory and related mainly to the echo score and quality of the procedure. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

再次经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术治疗成形术后再狭窄的疗效观察

目的　评价再次经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术 (PBMV)治疗二尖瓣狭窄PBMV术后再狭窄的临床疗效。方法　采用Inoue法对 2 9例PBMV术后再狭窄患者进行再次PBMV ,并与 2 5 8例首次接受PBMV的患者进行疗效比较。结果　再次PBMV后二尖瓣口面积由 ( 0 98± 0 13)cm2 增至 ( 1 6 5±0 2 4)cm2 (P <0 0 0 1) ,二尖瓣跨瓣压差由 ( 2 6 5± 1 44 )kPa( 1kPa =7 5mmHg)降至 ( 0 79± 0 2 3)kPa(P<0 0 0 1) ,左房平均压由 ( 3 37± 0 6 2 )kPa降至 ( 1 6 6± 0 93)kPa(P <0 0 0 1) ,左房内径由 ( 4 5 2± 0 5 7)cm降至 ( 4 17± 0 5 0 )cm(P <0 0 5 )。再次PBMV组二尖瓣口面积增加值与左房平均压下降值小于首次PBMV组 [分别为 ( 0 6 7± 0 11)cm2 vs( 0 88± 0 32 )cm2 (P <0 0 5 )与 ( 1 71± 0 88)kPavs( 1 94± 0 5 6 )kPa(P <0 0 5 ) ]。再次PBMV组无心包填塞、死亡发生 ,主要并发症为重度二尖瓣反流 2例。结论只要选择合适病例 ,再次PBMV术仍可取得显著的即刻血流动力学改善 ,是PBMV术后再狭窄患者的一种安全而有效的治疗方法。