免疫固定电泳在脑脊液蛋白检测中的应用

[目的] 探讨免疫固定电泳法在检测脑脊液中免疫球蛋白的临床应用。[方法] 采集患者同一天血清和脑脊液标本，经琼脂糖凝胶电泳分离蛋白后，采用免疫固定技术，进行显色后使样本呈现寡克隆条带。[结果] 经免疫固定电泳后在脑脊液中呈现寡克隆带或较弱的单克隆带，而在其血清中不存在，则提示为内源性合成免疫球蛋白。[结论] 采用酶标记抗血清的免疫固定电泳，检测脑脊液标本无需浓缩，灵敏度提高；脑脊液免疫固定电泳可用于检出内源性合成免疫球蛋白，为中枢神经系统疾病诊断提供辅助作用。     

尿本-周氏蛋白检测的探讨

本-周氏蛋白是一种免疫球蛋白的轻链单体或其聚合体，可大量出现在多发性骨髓瘤或轻链病患者的尿液中。因其在一定pH条件下加热至40～60℃出现沉淀，温度升高至90～100℃时沉淀消失，冷却后复凝，可根据这一特性对本-周氏蛋白用热沉淀反应法进行过筛检测。我们实验室仍采用本法检测尿中本周氏蛋白。实际工作中发现由于患者常已有肾功能的损害，而使尿液中白、球蛋白等于扰蛋白增多，     

免疫固定电泳与M蛋白血症相关性的研究

目的对位例多发性骨髓瘤（MM）患者免疫固定电泳（immunofixation electrophoresis,TFE）、血清蛋白电泳及免疫球蛋白定量结果进行分析，以探讨M蛋白、MM型别分布及其在MM中的临床诊断价值。方法血清蛋白和免疫固定电泳：采用全自动快速电泳分析系统进行电泳和扫描；免疫球蛋白定量：采用BEGKMAN-COULTER IMAGE 免疫化学分析仪，以速率散射比浊法分析，检测各样本的免疫球蛋白（IgG、IgM、IgA）含量。结果 62例MM全部检出M带，42例MM患者的尿液经免疫固定电泳后呈现明显浓集的条带，其阳性检出率为67．74％。血清免疫固定电泳分型：IgGκ型也例，占19．35％；λ型30例，占48．38％；IgAκ型4例，占6．45％；λ型8例，占12．90％；IgM型κ、λ型各4例，均占6．45％。结论免疫固定电泳特异性和敏感性较高，是检测和鉴定M蛋白的较好方法，为临床诊断和治疗提供重要依据。     

免疫固定电泳检查在M蛋白分型鉴定中的应用

目的探讨免疫固定电泳检查在多发性骨髓瘤等M蛋白相关疾病中的应用,及其对M蛋白疾病进行分型鉴定的意义。方法对40例2008年1月至2009年7月在我科治疗的40例单克隆免疫球蛋白增生症患者的血清进行免疫固定电泳和血清蛋白定量分析,并对两组结果进行比较。结果在所有患者中,IgG型占60．0％（24／40）;IgA型占27．5％（11／40）,单纯入轻链型占5．0％（2／40）;不分泌型占7．5％（3／40）。免疫固定电泳在IgA组和轻链组中,对M蛋白的检出率明显高于血清蛋白定量,且两组之间的差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论应用免疫固定电泳对M蛋白进行分型鉴定,具有灵敏度高,准确性好的特点,对多发性骨髓瘤的诊断分型及其预后均具有重要意义。     

免疫固定电泳在多发性骨髓瘤的临床应用

目的采用免疫固定电泳法检测M蛋白并讨论此方法对骨髓瘤诊断的价值。方法对92例做免疫固定电泳的患者用Seb ia电泳仪测血清M蛋白。结果92例标本中有85例患者免疫固定电泳出现重链或轻链成分,经对85例患者病历的调查,其中82例被确诊为多发性骨髓瘤,阳性率为96.4%。结论免疫固定电泳对多发性骨髓瘤的诊断具有重要价值。     

免疫固定电泳技术检测恶性淋巴瘤的应用

[目的]应用免疫固定电泳法，对恶性淋巴瘤（T细胞淋巴瘤，B细胞淋巴瘤）分型及签别诊断。[方法]经Hydrasys琼脂糖凝胶电泳，在γ球蛋白区，呈现深染M蛋白异常区带，再做免疫固定电泳，免疫球蛋白定量，以鉴定恶性淋巴瘤的类别。[结果]选择110例恶性淋巴瘤患者，经血清蛋白电泳检测发现有M蛋白异常区带的有14例，占12％。经免疫同定电泳图谱显示各异，结合Ig定量检测并根据临床病理学诊断确认110例恶性淋巴细胞瘤中，T细胞淋巴瘤61例，占患者总例数的55％；B细胞淋巴瘤13例，占11％；其他类型36例，占32％。[结论]免疫同定电泳检测有助于恶性淋巴瘤的鉴别分型。     

非浓缩尿SDS-琼脂糖凝胶蛋白电泳的临床应用

目的　探讨非浓缩尿蛋白电泳对早期肾损伤诊断的应用价值。方法　对 5 5例患者尿液标本分别进行尿蛋白半定量及尿蛋白 (U Pr)、尿微量白蛋白 (mAlb)、N 乙酰 β D 氨基葡萄糖苷酶 (NAG) ,β D 半乳糖苷酶(GAL)定量测定 ,与非浓缩尿的十二烷基磺酸钠 琼脂糖凝胶蛋白电泳 (SDS AGE)结果进行分析比较。结果　与SDS AGE结果相比较 ,尿常规及全自动生化仪定量测定有关指标的灵敏度相对较低。结论　SDS AGE检测灵敏度高 ,方法简便 ,省时 ,扫描后可得半定量结果 ,且结果较直观 ,对早期肾损伤诊断有较大的应用价值。     

一种本周氏蛋白测定的简易对照

本周氏蛋白是一种免疫球蛋白的轻链或及聚合体,可大量出现在多发性骨髓瘤或轻链病患者的尿液中。因其在一定pH条件下,加热到40℃至60℃出现凝集,到90℃溶解,冷却后复凝,可根据这一特性对本周氏蛋白进行检测。但由于患者常引起肾功能损害,而使尿液中自、球蛋白等干扰蛋白增多,对结果产生影响,使操作人员对阳性标本产生疑虑。因此,本实验室选择了一种简易的干扰蛋白对照。     

107例多发性骨髓瘤M蛋白检测与免疫学分型分析

目的 探讨免疫固定电泳技术在鉴定M蛋白上的应用.方法 采用血清蛋白电泳技术、血清免疫固定技术(IFE)检测107例MM患者血清M蛋白.结果 107例MM患者中97例血清蛋白电泳检出M蛋白,107例免疫固定电泳均检出M蛋白.M蛋白IFE分型结果为IgG型63例,其中IgG κ型29例,IgG λ型34例;IgA型25例,其中IgA κ型11例,IgA λ型14例;IgM型3例,其中IgM κ型1例,IgM λ型2例;单纯轻链型15例,其中κ型2例,λ型13例.60例MM患者中有39例检出尿本-周氏蛋白,其中,12例为κ型,27例为λ型.三种方法中血清免疫固定电泳的检出率最高,血清蛋白电泳次之,尿液本周氏蛋白电泳检出率最低(P<0.01).结论 采用免疫固定电泳技术,操作简单、快速,灵敏度高,沉淀带容易识别,是鉴定各类型M蛋白的较准确、直观的有效方法.     

Polyacrylamide-gel disc electrophoresis of unconcentrated urine samples with special reference to bence jones proteins

The polyacrylamide-gel disc electrophoresis has been applied to the fractionation of 27 samples of unconcentrated urine obtained from the patients with monoclonal gammopathy.It was shown that 44% of the whole Bence Jones protein bands examined were detected in the area between 0.70 and 0.90 expressed in terms of relative migration based on transferrin.The method provided a satisfactory separation of native urine proteins with good reproducibility and few technical difficulties. It may become an efficient tool in clinical chemistry.     

Thiol-disulfide interchange in the binding of bence jones proteins to alpha-antitrypsin, prealbumin, and albumin

Native light Ig chains of kappa- but not of lambda-type form -S-S linked complexes with prealbumin, alpha1-AT and albumin in vivo. kappa-chains isolated from urines have cysteinyls which are more promptly reacting with dithionitrobenzoate (DTNB) than lambda-chains. Both are monomerized on this reaction. On addition to plasma mixed disulfides between both types of light chains and DTNB form larger amounts of complexes than the native chains. The lower reactivity of native lambda-chains to the plasma proteins can be explained by their higher dimer stability. From the light chain reactions obtained with isolated alpha1-AT and albumin it is concluded that alpha1-AT has a disulfide which efficiently interchanges with monomeric, light chain thiolate ions released from thionitrobenzoate derivates of light chains and that on interchange with the derivatized light chains albumin releases more free light chains into the solution than are bound to albumin. Addition of derivatized light chains to a mixture of alpha1-AT and albumin increases the yield of alpha1-AT complexes and decreases the amount of albumin complexes formed. The relative amount of the different complexes formed in the latter experiments corresponds to the findings in vivo in patients with Bence Jones proteinemia. Prealbumin and alpha1-AT in plasma have a roughly 10-fold stronger tendency to link the light chains than albumin. The complexes are formed through thiol-disulfide interchange though neither the disulfide of native alpha1-AT nor the thiols of prealbumin is available for reaction with DTNB. The three plasma proteins may together constitute a system for linkage and transport of peptides with reactive thiols or disulfides released into the extracellular fluids. The trypsin and elastase binding and inhibiting capacity of alpha1-AT remains after cleavage of the internal -S-S-bridge of alpha1-AT through interchange with a light chain thiol for which reason an intact internal -S-S-bridge of alpha1-AT is not necessary for inhibition and linkdage of the enzymes.     

Detection of oligoclonal immunoglobulins in the cerebrospinal fluid by immunofixation electrophoresis.

Many disorders of the central nervous system are associated with increased concentration of cerebrospinal fluid protein due to either an increase in the permeability of blood-brain barrier or the synthesis of immunoglobulins within the central nervous system. Immunofixation electrophoresis was used to detect the immunoglobulins in sera and cerebrospinal fluid in patients with different central nervous system disorders. A strong oligoclonal band, or a single weak monoclonal band, observed in the cerebrospinal fluid but not in the serum, indicates the endogenous immunoglobulin synthesis. In 17 cases of non-infectious central nervous system diseases, we diagnosed one case of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, one case of multiple sclerosis, one case of Guillain-Barre syndrome, and one case of epilepsy. A weak band was observed in both serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples in two cases of cerebral trauma. Out of 25 cases of infectious central nervous system diseases, two cases of nervous system syphilis were positive only in cerebrospinal fluid samples, and 23 cases were negative in both samples. Compared with the standard immunofixation, the application of an enzyme-labeled antibody can significantly increase the sensitivity of the method.     

Detection of low-molecular-weight proteins in urine by dipsticks

BACKGROUND: Testing of urines with dipsticks for proteinuria, glycosuria, etc., is common practice. A deficiency with currently available dipsticks is their lack of chemical sensitivity and underestimation of low-molecular-weight proteins such as light chains. METHODS: We experimented with a number of dyes that gave an easily recognized color change on dipsticks for various low-molecular-weight proteins such as alpha-1-glycoprotein, alpha-1- and beta-2-microglobulin, and kappa and lambda light chains. We were successful in formulating a dye for impregnating dipsticks that gave a color change with low-molecular-weight proteins. RESULTS: Most dipsticks will measure proteins down to about 1 g/l. Our composite of two dyes (described here as the "TPR" dipsticks) gave reproducible results for protein concentrations of >/=300 mg/l, and detected low-molecular proteins. The TPR reagent is resistant to interferences from many compounds; also, the protein results are not altered in a given urine at a pH between 5 and 8. CONCLUSIONS: We have developed a dipstick that detects low-molecular-weight proteins. The dipsticks are easy to use and are suitable for outpatient or point-of-care testing. The precision of the dipsticks is satisfactory and is only marginally lower than quantitative spectrophotometric methods using pyrogallol red (PYR).     

免疫固定电泳对多发性骨髓瘤的诊断价值

目的：探讨免疫固定电泳（IFE）在多发性骨髓瘤（MM）诊断中的价值。方法采用法国Sebia公司生产的Hydarsys2琼脂糖凝胶电泳仪,对临床上有检测需求的患者血清进行IFE,并回顾性分析其相关实验室检查资料。结果155例患者的血清IFE检测结果中,67例阳性,其中经临床诊断证实的MM51例。IFE对MM诊断的灵敏度和特异度分别为69．9％、80．5％。51例IFE阳性的MM患者中,以免疫球蛋白（Ig）Gκ型和λ型为主,分别占19．61％、27．45％,但其余各型均有分布。51例IFE阳性MM患者病例资料回顾性分析结果显示,由于原发疾病被贫血、骨痛等首发症状掩盖,患者常会就诊于其他科室。结论IFE对MM的准确诊断、疗效监测、预后判断具有重要的临床意义。     

免疫固定电泳在多发性骨髓瘤诊断中的应用

目的对多发性骨髓瘤（MM）疑诊患者进行血清电泳技术分析，以指导MM的诊断，并对MM进行型别鉴定。方法对患者血清进行蛋白电泳，发现M蛋白带后，作免疫固定电泳进行型别鉴定。结果血清蛋白电泳发现M蛋白条带46例，IgGλ型20例，IgGκ型11例，IgGλ＋κ型1例，IgAκ型6例，IgAλ型3例，IgMκ型3例，κ、λ轻链型各1例。结论电泳方法能够快速而又准确地发现分泌M蛋白的MM并对MM进行分型，对MM的诊断、治疗和预后有重要意义。     

免疫固定电泳在多发性骨髓瘤辅助诊断中的临床价值

目的 探讨血清免疫固定电泳在多发性骨髓瘤(MM)的辅助诊断与治疗中的临床价值.方法 以2017年1月至2019年10月就诊于新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院的74例MM患者作为研究对象,分别取血清进行免疫固定电泳与蛋白电泳,收集两种电泳方法的M蛋白检测结果 并进行统计学处理.结果 74例MM患者中,血清蛋白电泳检出M蛋白51例...