穿刺标本Gleason评分预测前列腺癌病理分级准确性的研究

目的 分析前列腺癌患者穿刺标本与根治术标本Gleason评分的相关性,探讨影响穿刺标本Gleason评分准确性的可能因素.方法 回顾性分析86例接受根治性前列腺切除术的前列腺癌患者资料,比较穿刺标本与根治术标本Gleason评分的符合情况,应用二分类Logistic回归分析筛选影响穿刺标本Gleason评分准确性的可能因素.结果 86例患者穿刺标本平均Gleason评分为6.1,根治术标本平均Gleason评分为6.5,穿刺标本与根治术标本Gleason评分相比,评分相符42例(48.8%),评分偏低32例(37.2%),评分偏高1 2例(14.0%),差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05),偏差与患者年龄、血清PSA、前列腺体积、临床分期无显著相关性(P＞0.05),与穿刺针数(OR=2.905)及穿刺阳性率(OR=4.225)有显著相关(P＜0.05).结论 穿刺针数与穿刺阳性针数百分比是影响穿刺标本Gleason评分准确性的可能因素,增加前列腺穿刺活检针数将可能有助于提高穿刺标本预测前列腺癌病理分级的准确性.     

腹膜外途径腹腔镜下根治性前列腺切除术切缘阳性的影响因素

目的探讨经腹膜外途径腹腔镜下根治性前列腺切除术后切缘阳性的影响因素。方法回顾性分析我院2010年1月至2018年12月99例行腹膜外途径腹腔镜下根治性前列腺切除术患者的临床资料。年龄51~79岁,平均(65.37±6.07)岁;前列腺特异抗原(PSA)2.80~79.50ng/mL,平均(16.84±12.28)ng/mL。分析术后病理切缘阳性的特征。按年龄、体质指数、术前PSA水平、穿刺针数阳性百分率、穿刺至手术时间、穿刺病理Gleason评分、临床T分期、前列腺癌危险分度、术后病理Gleason评分、术后T分期、腹盆腔手术史等进行分组,分析各组切缘阳性率的差异。采用χ^2检验进行单因素分析,有统计学差异的变量进入多因素Logistic回归分析,评价临床及病理相关资料与切缘阳性的关系。结果本组99例患者均在腹腔镜下顺利完成,无1例中转开放,手术时间平均(199.66±66.01)min,术中出血量平均(152.02±140.28)mL。术后病理证实均为前列腺癌,术后病理切缘阳性26例(26.3%)。将各危险因素分组后进行单因素分析,结果显示不同穿刺针数阳性百分率(P=0.047)、穿刺病理Gleason评分(P=0.023)、术后病理Gleason评分(P=0.007)、术后T分期(P=0.004)与切缘阳性存在相关性(P<0.05),而年龄(P=0.134)、体质指数(P=0.838)、术前PSA水平(P=0.299)、穿刺至手术时间(P=1.000)、临床T分期(P=0.821)、前列腺癌危险分度(P=0.903)、腹盆腔手术史(P=0.607)与切缘阳性均无相关性(P>0.05)。将单因素分析差异有统计学意义的指标及术前PSA、临床分期进行多因素分析,结果显示仅术后T分期(P=0.011)是切缘阳性的独立危险因素。结论穿刺针数阳性百分率、穿刺病理Gleason评分、术后病理Gleason评分、术后T分期与切缘阳性存在相关性,其中穿刺针数阳性百分率、穿刺病理Gleason评分及术后T分期越高,切缘阳性率越高。术后T分期是经腹膜外途径腹腔镜下根治性前列腺切除术后切缘阳性的独立危险因素。     

TURP治疗前列腺癌膀胱出口梗阻的适应证探讨

目的 探讨TURP治疗前列腺癌膀胱出口梗阻(bladder outlet obstrultion,BOO)的适应证.方法 回顾1999年1月至2008年6月间曾行经尿道前列腺切除术(TURP)治疗的前列腺癌临床资料,按照术后前列腺特异抗原(PSA)的反应,将病例分为PSA下降和PSA未降／上升2组,对手术相关参数、肿瘤临床分期、Gleason评分、生存率等进行比较.结果 18例前列腺癌,均曾先行雄激素剥夺治疗,后因BOO共行TURP 22次(其中2例各再手术1次,1例再手术2次).PSA下降组10例(55.6％),未降／上升组8例(44.4％).两组在术前前列腺大小、PSA值、手术操作时间、切割前列腺组织重量方面差无统计学意义(P＞0.05).但在肿瘤分期、远处转移方面异差有统计学意义,PSA下降组T2期多(P＜0.05),无远处转移多(P＜0.05); PSA未降／上升组T4期多(P＜0.05)、有远处转移多(P＜0.05).术后平均随访25.6个月(4～67个月),PSA下降组1、2、3年生存率均比PSA未降／上升组显著高(P＜0.01).PSA下降组无一例再手术,PSA未降／上升组有3例重复行TURP.结论 TURP术后PSA水平与肿瘤临床分期有显著性关联,TURP更适合治疗较低分期前列腺癌的BOO.较高分期前列腺癌合并远处转移者,TURP不能达到预期的益处,有时反而可以促使PSA值升高,再手术率高,不利预后.     

腹腔镜下前列腺癌根治术后切缘阳性的相关因素分析

目的 探讨腹腔镜下前列腺癌根治术后切缘阳性的相关因素. 方法 2004年2月至2007年9月,采用腹膜外途径行腹腔镜下前列腺癌根治术33例.患者年龄57～78岁,平均70岁.术前均经病理证实前列腺癌诊断.Gleason评分3+3者14例(43%)、3+4者11例(33%)、4+3者6例(18%)、4+4者2例(6%),临床分期T1a～T1b 4例(12%)、T1c14例(43%)、T2a～T2b 5例(15%)、T2c 10例(30%).多因素回归分析比较根治术后标本切缘阳性与阴性组临床及生物学参数指标. 结果 腹腔镜下完成前列腺癌根治术31例,中转开放手术2例.术后病理报告切缘阳性9例(27%)、阴性24例(73%).切缘阳性组与阴性组患者术前临床分期T2c分别为6例(67%)和4例(17%)(P=0.010),术后Gleason评分＞7分者分别为3例(33%)和0例(P=0.015),术前PSA＞20ng/ml分别为4例(44%)和5例(21%)(P=0.178),直肠指诊可触及结节或局部质硬者分别为4例(44%)和9例(38%)(P=0.509).多因素回归分析结果显示:临床分期T2c与切缘阳性呈独立正相关关系(OR=24.69),T2c患者术后切缘阳性率明显增高.术前Gleason评分＞7分者切缘阳性率增高,PSA＞20 ng/ml者切缘阳性率有增高趋势,但二者需结合临床分期等指标综合判断对术后切缘阳性的影响.直肠指诊触及结节或质硬者切缘阳性率略增高,可作为参考指标. 结论 影响腹腔镜下前列腺癌根治术后切缘阳性的因素为临床分期、术前病理Gleason评分、总PSA和直肠指诊.临床分期可以作为预测术后切缘阳性的独立相关因素,≥T2c期的患者术后切缘阳性率明显增加.Gleason评分＞7分、PSA＞20 ng/ml作为重要参考指标,应结合临床分期综合分析;直肠指诊有结节或质硬可作为参考指标.     

血清前列腺特异性抗原及直肠指检与前列腺癌的相关性研究

目的 分析血清PSA、直肠指检(DRE)与前列腺癌检出率、临床分期以及病理分级的相关性. 方法 回顾性分析1997年1月至2010年12月796例PSA、DRE和病理结果完整患者的前列腺穿刺活检资料,采用Spearman相关性研究分析PSA和DRE与前列腺癌相关指标间的关系,进一步将PSA及DRE分组后进行比较. 结果 PSA与前列腺癌检出率、临床分期及病理分级相关(r=0.537,P＜0.0001;r=0.365,P＜0.0001;r=0.556,P＜0.0001);DRE结果与前列腺癌诊断率及病理分级有相关性(r=0.212,P＜0.0001;r=0.126,P=0.02).分组分析显示不同PSA水平组中前列腺癌检出率、前列腺癌分期以及Gleason评分差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).而在相同PSA水平时,只有PSA 10.0 ～ 19.9 μg/L组和20.0～99.9μg/L组中DRE阳性和阴性患者的前列腺癌检出率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).相同PSA组中不同DRE结果患者的前列腺癌分期以及Gleason评分差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05). 结论 PSA水平与前列腺癌的检出率、肿瘤分期及Gleason评分有显著相关性,DRE结果仅在部分PSA水平患者中影响肿瘤检出率.     

经腹腔途径腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术后切缘阳性的影响因素分析

目的探讨经腹腔途径腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术后切缘阳性的相关影响因素。方法 2009年9月至2014年5月,采用经腹腔途径行腹腔镜下前列腺癌根治术61例。患者年龄56~74岁,平均71岁。术前均经直肠超声引导下穿刺病理证实前列腺癌诊断。通过回顾性研究了解术前血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)、穿刺后Gleason评分、穿刺针数阳性百分率,术前TNM分期对手术切缘阳性的影响。结果61例前列腺癌患者术后切缘阳性率19.7%(12/61),病理分期与手术切缘阳性成正相关(γ=0.311,P=0.001),且对手术切缘阳性有统计学意义(χ~2=16.32,P=0.001);对于手术切缘阳性率,术前血清PSA20ng/ml组与血清PSA≥20ng/ml组比较,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=7.32,P=0.007);穿刺后Gleason评分7分组与Gleason评分≥7分组差异无统计学意义了(χ~2=1.43,P=0.23);穿刺针数阳性百分率,50%组与≥50%组差异有统计学意义(χ~2=4.32,P=0.017)。结论穿刺后TNM分期,血清PSA水平,穿刺阳性百分率的差异对手术切缘阳性有统计学意义。前列腺癌穿刺标本Gleason评分与术后病理切缘之间无相关性。     

前列腺体积对腹腔镜下前列腺根治性切除术后组织病理学预后的影响

目的 探讨术前前列腺体积对于腹腔镜下前列腺根治性切除术后组织病理学预后的影响. 方法 回顾性分析2006年10月至2011年3月216例经前列腺穿刺括检诊断为前列腺腺癌并行腹腔镜下前列腺根治性切除术患者的资料,根据术前经直肠前列腺超声检查测定的前列腺体积将患者分为较小前列腺组( ＜30 ml)103例(47.7％)、中等前列腺组(30 ～60 ml)71例(32.9％)和较大前列腺组( ＞60ml)42例(19.4％).术前资料包括患者确诊时年龄、体质指数(BMI)、PSA、前列腺体积、穿刺阳性百分数、临床分期、穿刺Gleason评分等,术后组织病理学参数包括患者大体病理Gleason评分、是否存在术后病理升级、病理分期、切缘情况等.比较3组患者临床资料和术后组织病理学参数并进行统计学分析. 结果 3组患者术前PSA值随前列腺体积增大而升高,组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),年龄、BMI、穿刺Gleason评分、穿刺阳性百分数及临床分期等对比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).小体积前列腺与较差的组织病理学预后相关,小体积前列腺痛患者术后Gleason评分较高(P =0.034),更容易出现大体病理升级现象(P=0.037),术后病理分期晚(P=0.025),特别是包膜侵犯的发生率增高(P =0.013).前列腺体积由小至大3组标本切缘阳性率分别为35.0％、33.8％和19.0％,差异无统计学意义(P =0.152). 结论 前列腺体积较小的前列腺癌患者行腹腔镜下前列腺根治性切除术后的组织病理学预后较差,肿瘤恶性程度高、病理分期晚,在临床工作中应予以重视.     

增加穿刺活检针数提高前列腺癌分级准确性的临床研究

目的 探讨增加穿刺活检针数能否提高前列腺癌穿刺标本Gieason评分准确性.方法 接受根治性前列腺切除的前列腺癌患者86例.平均年龄63(55～72)岁.术前PSA值平均16.8(1.6～57.2)ng/ml,前列腺体积平均39.4(18.1～114.1)ml.患者术前均未接受新辅助内分泌治疗,按经直肠前列腺穿刺针数分为2组.A组46例行标准6针系统穿刺,B组40例行13针系统穿刺.统计学比较分析2组穿刺标本与根治术标本Gleason评分符合情况及影响因素. 结果 A组穿刺标本与根治术标本Gleason评分相符16例(34.8%),B组为26例(65.O%),B组评分符合率明显高于A组(P＜0.05).当穿刺标本Gleason评分≤6时,B组评分相符11例(68.8%),明显高于A组5例(25.0%),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).多因素Logistic回归分析结果提示前列腺穿刺活检针数及活检阳性率是影响穿刺标本与根治术标本Gieason评分符合率的主要相关因素(P＜0.05).结论 增加穿刺针数能够提高经直肠前列腺穿刺标本Gleason评分预测前列腺癌分级的准确性.     

血清PSA值与穿刺标本Gleason评分预测前列腺癌病理分级

目的 探讨准确有效预测前列腺癌病理分级的方法.方法 分析75例前列腺癌患者术前血清PSA水平、穿刺活检标本和前列腺癌根治术后标本Gleason评分资料,对血清PSA水平与根治术后标本Gleason评分进行等级相关分析,对穿刺活检标本与根治术后标本Gleason评分进行配对秩和检验.结果 75例患者术前血清PSA值4～230 ng/ml,平均33.5 ng/ml;穿刺活检标本Gleason评分2～9分,平均(4.4±2.3)分;根治术后标本Gleason评分2～10分,平均(4.8±2.5)分.术前血清PSA水平与根治术后标本Gleason评分呈正相关(rs=0.279,P=0.015),穿刺活检标本与根治术后标本Gleason评分差异有统计学意义(P=0.011).结论 前列腺癌患者术前血清PSA水平越高,根治术后标本Gleason评分也越高;穿刺标本Gleason评分有低估的缺点,必要时应行病理分级后再评估.     

不同时间新辅助内分泌治疗联合调强放疗对局部晚期前列腺癌疗效的影响作用

目的 探讨局部晚期前列腺癌联合治疗中新辅助内分泌治疗( neoadjuvant hormonal therapy,NHT)的理想方案. 方法 诊断明确的局部晚期(T3 - T4N0M0)前列腺癌患者60例,均采用NHT联合调强放疗(intensity modulated radiotherapy,IMRT)的治疗方案,随机分为3组,每组20例.根据放疗前NHT时间不同,分为2周NHT(A组)、3个月NHT(B组)和6个月NHT组(C组).内分泌治疗持续时间为NHT开始至IMRT结束后12个月.NHT结束后检测血清PSA、经直肠超声下前列腺体积和Qmax.放疗结束后每3个月检查上述指标. 结果 3组患者NHT后PSA中位数分别下降至24.88、0.20和0.07 μg/L,与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);B、C组前列腺体积明显缩小(P＜0.05),其中B组缩小20.8％,C组缩小39.5％;B组、C组Qmax分别为(11.70±2.81)和( 14.45±2.61)mL/s,与治疗前比较明显增加(P＜0.05).内分泌联合放疗后12个月,3组间PSA比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01),C组＜B组＜A组;B、C组前列腺体积缩小较A组明显(P＜0.01),B组与C组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);组间Qmax值比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),C组＞B组＞A组. 结论 NHT联合IMRT是治疗局部晚期前列腺癌的理想方法,放疗前NHT治疗时间至少应达到3个月.     

Long-term results of neoadjuvant hormonal therapy prior to radical prostatectomy in patients with clinically localized prostate cancer: biochemical and pathological effects

The objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term biochemical and pathological effects induced by neoadjuvant hormonal therapy (NHT) in patients with clinically localized disease. Between March 1993 and May 1997, 24 patients with clinically localized prostate cancer received NHT for 3 to 11 months (median: 5 months) using luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue prior to radical prostatectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy. The clinical stage was T1 in 1 patient, T2 in 17 and T3 in 6, the pretreatment serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) value was < or = 10 ng/ml in 5 patients, 10 to 20 ng/ml in 4 and > 20 ng/ml in 15 (mean: 34.7 micrograms/l), and the Gleason score was < or = 4 in 9 patients, 5 to 7 in 11 and > 8 in 3. The mean prostate specific antigen (PSA) value 3 months after NHT had reduced below 2 ng/ml in 18 of the 24 patients (67%), and finally decreased by an average of 95% (i.e., 1.9 ng/ml) prior to surgery. The pathological stage was pT0 in 2 patients, pT2 in 10 and pT3 in 12. The incidence of organ-confined disease (OCD) was significantly higher in patients with clinical stage T1 or T2a than with T2b or T3, with pretreatment PSA values < or = 10 ng/ml than with PSA values > 10 ng/ml, and with PSA values < or = 2 than with PSA values > 2 at 3 months after NHT; in contrast, the Gleason score had no significant impact on the rate of OCD. After a median follow-up of 49 months (range 34 to 85 months), 6 patients (25%) had a recurrence evidenced by rising PSA, and the 3-year recurrence-free survival rate was 79%. These results suggest that NHT appears not to be of significant additional benefit to patients who have a higher clinical T stage, higher pretreatment PSA values and/or in patients whose PSA values do not normalize early in the treatment process.     

前列腺跨膜上皮抗原在前列腺癌组织中的表达及与PSA的关系

目的 探讨前列腺癌组织中前列腺跨膜上皮抗原(STEAP)表达及与前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)的关系.方法 采用免疫组织化学染色法检测65例前列腺癌(其中T1 9例、T2 14例、T317例、T4 25例,高分化癌37例、中分化癌12例、低分化癌16例)组织标本中STEAP的表达,引入阳性灰度值概念判定染色强度;分析STEAP表达水平与肿瘤分期、分级、血清PSA及游离PSA/总PSA(f/t PSA)比值的关系.结果 65例患者血清PSA值为(27.65±8.34)ng/ml,f/t PSA为0.15±0.04.STEAP阳性表达63例,其中T1 7例、T2 14例、T3 17例、T4 25例,高分化癌37例、中分化癌11例、低分化癌15例.T1、T2、T3、T4前列腺癌组织中STEAP表达平均阳性灰度值(Gs)分别为26.8%、45.6%、62.3%、76.5%,高、中、低分化癌组织中STEAP表达平均Gs分别为71.2%、52.8%、34.4%.STEAP表达与肿瘤分期呈正相关(r=0.67,P<0.01);随着Gleason评分的增高,STEAP表达逐渐降低(P<0.01);STEAP表达与患者血清PSA无明显相关性(r=0.21,P>0.05),而与f/t PSA比值呈负相关(r=-0.83,P<0.01).结论 STEAP可作为判断前列腺癌浸润深度、分化程度的指标之一.     

The limited significance of a longer duration of neoadjuvant hormonal therapy prior to radical prostatectomy for high-risk prostate cancer in Japanese men

INTRODUCTION: The objective of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic significance of a longer duration of neoadjuvant hormonal therapy (NHT) followed by radical prostatectomy (RP) in Japanese men with high-risk prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included a total of 42 patients with high-risk prostate cancer who were treated with NHT for >or=8 months prior to RP. In this series high-risk prostate cancer was defined as clinical stage T2c or T3, pretreatment serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) >20 ng/ml and/or a biopsy Gleason score of 8-10. Biochemical recurrence was defined as a serum PSA level of >or=0.2 ng/ml. The data of these patients were retrospectively reviewed to clarify the relationships between treatment outcomes and various clinicopathological parameters. RESULTS: The clinical stage was T2c in 13 patients and T3 in 29, the median value of pretreatment serum PSA was 43.3 ng/ml (range 9.7-322.2), and the biopsy Gleason score was 6 in 3 patients, 7 in 16 and >or=8 in 23. Following NHT (median 12 months, range 8-27), the median value of serum PSA decreased to 0.05 ng/ml (<0.01-18.3 ng/ml), and 15 patients (35.7%) were pathologically downstaged. During the median follow-up of 38 months (range 8-58), 11 patients (26.2%) developed biochemical recurrence, and the multivariate analysis identified pretreatment serum PSA, biopsy Gleason score and percentage of positive biopsy core as independent predictors of biochemical recurrence. The 3-year biochemical recurrence-free survival rate of the 42 patients was 68.3%, which was not significantly different from that of 34 patients who underwent RP for high-risk prostate cancer without NHT during the same period. CONCLUSION: A longer duration of NHT followed by RP for patients with high-risk prostate cancer resulted in a comparatively favorable outcome. However, despite the nonrandomized retrospective analysis, the present findings suggest no significant impact of long-term NHT on biochemical recurrence. Longer follow-up is needed to determine whether this therapeutic strategy is beneficial for high-risk prostate cancer patients.     

^68Ga-PSMA PET-CT检查中SUVmax与前列腺癌患者临床病理特点的相关性分析

目的探讨^68Ga-PSMA PET-CT检查中前列腺局部病灶最大标准摄取值(maximum standardized uptake value,SUVmax)与前列腺癌患者临床病理特点的相关性。方法回顾性分析2016年5月至2019年8月北京大学肿瘤医院行^68Ga-PSMA PET-CT检查并行根治性前列腺切除术患者的病例资料。共31例患者。年龄(63.1±4.9)岁。体质指数(24.6±3.0)kg/m^2。血清总PSA(72.71±173.15)ng/ml。14例有基线睾酮数值,基线睾酮(4.72±1.64)ng/ml。穿刺病理Gleason评分按国际泌尿病理学会(International Society of Urological Pathology,ISUP)分级:1级5例,2级7例,3级4例,4级10例,5级5例。术前临床分期:T2a期6例,T2b期2例,T2c期17例,T3a期1例,T3b期4例,T4期1例。所有患者均行^68Ga-PSMA PET-CT检查,由2名核医学专业医生复核SUVmax。原发灶SUVmax(12.49±9.38)。分析SUVmax值与基线PSA、Gleason评分、术后病理情况的关系。结果本研究31例术后ISUP分级:1级3例,2级9例,3级4例,4级6例,5级9例。术后病理分期:T2a期1例,T2c期14例,T3a期6例,T3b期10例。术后病理诊断为切缘阳性19例,阴性12例;脉管癌栓阳性5例,阴性26例;神经侵犯阳性20例,阴性11例。D′Amico危险度分层:低危2例,中危7例,高危22例。按照PSA(≤10 ng/ml或>10 ng/ml)和Gleason评分(≤6分或>6分)分类:低PSA低Gleason评分6例,低PSA高Gleason评分5例,高PSA低Gleason评分9例,高PSA高Gleason评分11例。SUVmax与术后病理ISUP分级具有显著正相关性(r=0.434,P=0.015),与术后病理分期(r=0.232,P=209)、基线PSA(r=0.178,P=0.339)和基线睾酮(r=0.437,P=0.119)无相关性。脉管癌栓阳性组和阴性组的SUVmax分别为14.78±10.^68和8.17±2.81,差异有统计学意义(P=0.005)。病理切缘阳性组和阴性组的SUVmax分别为12.84±7.89和11.79±11.39(P=0.764),神经侵犯阳性组和阴性组的SUVmax分别为22.59±13.72和10.48±6.89(P=0.055),盆腔淋巴结阳性组和阴性组的SUVmax分别为14.50±9.64和12.13±9.32(P=0.639),D′Amico危险度低、中危组和高危组的SUVmax分别为9.39±4.60和13.^68±10.39(P=0.247),差异均无统计学意义。低PSA低Gleason组、低PSA高Gleason组、高PSA低Gleason组、高PSA高Gleason组的SUVmax分别为8.67±4.26、16.70±13.90、9.43±7.75、15.00±9.38,组间差异无统计学意义(P=0.285)。术后病理与穿刺病理ISUP分级相同者19例,SUVmax 11.92±10.61;升级者9例,SUVmax 16.01±5.40;降级者3例,SUVmax 4.98±2.11,3组差异无统计学意义(P=0.287),但升级者SUVmax显著高于降级者(P=0.007)。SUVmax对术后病理ISUP分级的诊断效能受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线显示,SUVmax对判断术后病理ISUP分级5级的诊断效能最大,曲线下面积0.747(P=0.033);当SUVmax≥11.34时,敏感性可达88.9%,特异性可达77.3%。结论术前^68Ga-PSMA PET-CT中前列腺局部病灶的SUVmax可辅助判断前列腺癌患者是否存在病理预后不良因素,可能具有临床指导意义。     

8-month neoadjuvant hormonal therapy before radical prostatectomy for high-risk prostate cancer

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinicopathological outcomes of 8 months of neoadjuvant hormonal therapy (NHT) prior to radical prostatectomy for high-risk prostate cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A multi-institutional prospective trial was performed between July 2000 and May 2003 involving high-risk prostate cancer patients without metastasis, including 21 who received 8 months of NHT before radical prostatectomy. High-risk group was defined as clinical stage > or =T2c and/or prostate-specific antigen (PSA) >20 ng/ml and/or Gleason score > or =8. PSA values were considered elevated (biochemical failure) if values of 0.1 ng/ml or greater were obtained. RESULTS: Median of initial PSA levels before prostate biopsy was 27.6 ng/ml (8.5-80.7 ng/ml), and median of pre-operative PSA levels after NHT was 0.28 ng/ml (0.02-4.2 ng/ml). There were 5 patients (23.8%) with lower limit of PSA detection (less than 0.02 ng/ml) in 8 months after NHT. The clinical T stage was T1c in 9 patients (42.9%), T2a-b in 8 patients (38.1%), T2c in 3 patients (14.3%), and T3a in 1 patient (4.8%). The median follow-up was 25 months (range 4 to 37). There were 2 patients (9.5%) in pT0, 5 patients (23.8%) with positive surgical margin, 5 patients (23.8%) with extracapsular extension (ECE) and 3 patients (14.3%) with seminal vesicle involvement (SVI). Biochemical failure was occurred in 9 of 21 (42.9%) including of one pT0. Range of time to postoperative biochemical failure was 2 to 25 months (median 6 months) and most of biochemical failure was found within 12 months after surgery. Biochemical failure rate was significantly higher in patient with positive SVI (p = 0.0308) and higher in patients with pre-operative PSA levels of more than 0.1 ng/ml (p = 0.0836), positive ECE (p = 0.0545) and positive surgical margin (p = 0.0545). CONCLUSION: Biochemical failure was frequent after this combined treatment, even in a pT0 case. Long-term follow-up of patients is needed to assess the impact of this therapy on mortality.     

晚期前列腺癌膀胱出口梗阻内分泌治疗的价值

目的 探讨晚期前列腺癌BOO内分泌治疗(HT)的价值.方法 晚期前列腺癌伴BOO患者52例,平均年龄72(54～76)岁.既往均未行HT.病程5个月～7年,平均3.6年.治疗前经直肠B超测定前列腺重量为(53.5±15.3)g;IPSS 23.4±4.5;Q_(max)(4.8±2.5)ml/s;PSA(53.4±7.5)ng/ml.有尿潴留6例.52例治疗前均经直肠前列腺穿刺活检病理证实,Whitmore-Jewette临床分期:C期14例,D期38例.所有病例首先给予HT,对治疗3个月LUTS无改善者采用姑息性TURP治疗.结果 HT后LUTS明显改善者占71%(37/52),治疗前后Q_(max)分别为(6.2±4.5)和(13.0±5.5)ml/s、IPSS分别为24.1±5.3和7.8±2.0,治疗前后比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);LUTS未见缓解者占29%(15/52),治疗前后Q_(max)分别为(6.6±4.3)和(7.0±4.2)ml/s、IPSS分别为23.6±5.1和22.5±4.9,治疗前后比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).行姑息性TURP后好转12例,尿失禁3例,其中2例经肛提肌训练及药物治疗后有不同程度恢复.结论 HT对大部分晚期前列腺癌患者BOO有明显疗效,并可使无改善者前列腺体积缩小,便于进一步治疗.     

RACE AS AN INDEPENDENT PREDICTOR OF OUTCOME AFTER TREATMENT FOR LOCALIZED PROSTATE CANCER

PURPOSE: We analyze the outcome after prostatectomy or radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer with respect to race. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 2,219 consecutive patients with prostate cancer were treated with radiotherapy (1,183) or radical prostatectomy (1,036) between June 1986 and June 1998. Initial prostate specific antigen (PSA) and biopsy Gleason scores were available in all cases. Androgen deprivation was used in 22% of men (492). Of the patients 86% (1,901) were white, including Hispanic and Asian, and 14% (318) were black. The outcomes of interest were biochemical relapse-free survival, clinical relapse-free survival and overall survival. Median followup was 24 months (range 2 to 140). RESULTS: There was no difference in the incidence of familial prostate cancer, patient age at presentation, clinical stage or biopsy Gleason scores between black and white men. However, black men had higher initial PSA levels (median 13.3 versus 8.6 for white men, p<0.001). The 5-year biochemical relapse-free survival rate was 59% for the entire group, 54% (95% confidence interval 44 to 63) for black men and 61% (95% confidence interval 57 to 65) for white men (p = 0.11). Multivariate analysis was performed for the variables of age, race, family history of prostate cancer (brother or father), initial PSA, biopsy Gleason sum, clinical T stage, treatment modality and androgen deprivation. Familial prostate cancer (p = 0.001), higher T stage (p<0.001), higher initial PSA (p<0.001), higher biopsy Gleason score (p<0.001) and use of androgen deprivation (p = 0.001) were independent predictors of biochemical failure and all other factors, including race, were not (p = 0.46). The projected 10-year clinical relapse-free survival rate was 74% for the entire group, and was identical for black and white men (p = 0.77). The projected 10-year overall survival rate for black and white men was 92 and 79%, respectively (p = 0.62). CONCLUSIONS: We have demonstrated a statistically nonsignificant trend for higher biochemical failure rates in black men presenting with localized prostate cancer. This trend could be due to the higher pretreatment PSA levels in black patients. Treatment recommendations should not differ with respect to race.     

新辅助内分泌治疗结合机器人辅助根治性前列腺切除术治疗高危前列腺癌的优势

目的：探讨高危前列腺癌患者行新辅助内分泌治疗（neoadjuvant hormonal therapy, NHT）后,行机器人辅助腹腔镜根治性前列腺切除术（robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy, RALRP）较腹腔镜根治性前列腺切除术（laparoscopic radical prostatectomy, LRP） 和耻骨后根治性前列腺切除术 （ retropubic radical prostatectomy, RRP）的优势。方法：回顾性分析我院自2010年3月-2012年1月以新辅助内分泌治疗结合根治性前列腺切除术治疗的16例高危前列腺癌的临床资料。术前采取3-6个月的LHRH-a＋抗雄药物的最大程度雄激素阻断方法（maximal androgen blockage,MAB）作为NHT方案,NHT后PSA均降至0．2μg／L以下。之后,其中5例接受RALRP,5例接受LRP,6例接受RRP。三组患者治疗前基线情况（年龄、PSA水平、Gleason评分）差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结果：手术均获成功。中位手术时间（operating time,OT）、失血量（esti-mated blood loss,EBL）、住院天数（hospital stay,HS）在RALRP组为225min（包括机器人到位15min）、600mI、7d,在LRP组为280min、900mi、7d,在RRP组为150min、675ml、14．5d。三组患者术后均无尿漏,术后3天拔除双侧引流管。术后病理均无切缘阳性。三组各有1例患者在术后3个月时因PSA复燃而接受辅助性内分泌治疗（P=1．00）。术后3个月时,除2例RRP组患者尚存压力性尿失禁,其余患者均恢复尿控（P=0．29）。结论：对于接受NHT的高危前列腺癌患者而言,相对于开放手术和腹腔镜根治性前列腺切除术,机器人辅助腹腔镜根治性前列腺切除术仍然是这些患者的更佳选择。     

Long-term followup of a randomized trial of 0 versus 3 months of neoadjuvant androgen ablation before radical prostatectomy

PURPOSE: In 1992 we initiated a national randomized prospective trial of 3 months of cyproterone acetate before radical prostatectomy compared to prostatectomy alone. Initial results indicated a 50% decrease in the rate of positive surgical margins. This decrease did not translate into a difference in prostate specific antigen (PSA) progression at 3 years. This report is on the long-term outcome (median followup 6 years) of this cohort. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective, randomized, open label trial compared 100 mg cyproterone acetate 3 times daily for 3 months before surgery to surgery alone. Randomization occurred between January 1993 and April 1994. Patients were stratified according to clinical stage, baseline serum PSA and Gleason sum. A total of 213 patients were accrued. Biochemical progression was defined as 2 consecutive detectable PSAs (greater than 0.2 ng/ml) at least 4 weeks apart, re-treatment or death from prostate cancer. RESULTS: A total of 34 (33.6%) patients undergoing surgery only and 42 (37.5%) patients given neoadjuvant hormone therapy (NHT) had biochemical recurrence during the median followup of 6 years. Despite the significant pathological down staging in this study, there was no significant difference in number of patients with no evidence of biochemical disease (bNED) survival (p = 0.732). A bNED survival benefit favoring NHT was seen in men with a baseline PSA greater than 20 (p = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS: After 6 years of followup there was no overall benefit with 3 months of NHT. Improved bNED survival was seen in the highest risk PSA group (PSA greater than 20). The possibility that high risk patients may benefit from NHT warrants further investigation.     

Early detection of prostate cancer with low PSA cut-off values leads to significant stage migration in radical prostatectomy specimens

BACKGROUND: The introduction of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) contributed to a shift in tumor stage at diagnosis in patients with prostate cancer. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of PSA screening with low PSA cut-off values on mean total and percent-free PSA levels in patients with prostate cancers at the time of diagnosis as well as on pathologic stage and mean Gleason scores in positive biopsies and radical prostatectomy specimens. METHODS: Data of 875 patients who were diagnosed with prostate cancers between 1996 and 2001 were analyzed. Patients were stratified into six groups according to the year of biopsy. Annual changes in total and percent-free PSA values, in Gleason scores of biopsies and radical prostatectomy specimens, and in pathologic stages of radical prostatectomy specimens were assessed. RESULTS: Mean PSA of patients diagnosed with prostate cancer decreased from 13.11 ng/ml (percent-free PSA: 11.89%) in 1996 to 7.33 ng/ml (percent-free PSA: 12.58%) in 2001 (P < 0.05). The percentage of organ-confined prostatectomy specimens increased from 64.3% in 1996 to 81.5% in 2001 (P < 0.05). However, mean Gleason scores increased from 5.23 to 6.33 over the 6 years (P < 0.05). The percentage of patients with biopsy-proven prostate cancers and PSA values below 4 ng/ml increased from 14.0% in 1996 to 39.2% in 2001. In the group with PSA values below 4 ng/ml organ-confined cancers were found in 80.0-95.2% of patients. CONCLUSIONS: PSAg screening with low cut-off levels has led to a significant reduction of mean baseline PSA levels in prostate cancer patients and to a significant increase in the percentage of organ-confined radical prostatectomy specimens, whereas mean Gleason scores have remained relatively constant.