脉冲组织多普勒成像技术对延迟PCI治疗急性心肌梗死临床疗效的评估

目的应用脉冲组织多普勒成像技术(pulse-wave doppler yissue imaging,PWDTI)评价延迟经皮冠状动脉介入(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)治疗急性心肌梗死(acute myocardial infarction,AMI)后局部室壁功能的变化情况。方法 AMI病人60例,其中PCI+药物组30例,单纯药物治疗组30例。采用PWDTI定量测定病人治疗一周时局部室壁运动速度,同时结合常规16节段超声心动图资料,在梗死后1个月及3个月进行随访。结果 60例总计出现异常室壁运动节段382个,两组间异常室壁节段,延迟PCI和保守在1周时收缩波峰速度(peak systolic velocity,Vs)、收缩波加速度(acceleration of S wave,ACCs)及舒张早期峰速度/舒张晚期峰速度(E/A)比较无统计学意义,PCI+药物组在治疗后1个月、3个月时Vs、收缩波时间速度积分(systolic velocity-time integral,VTIs)、ACCs明显高于单纯药物组。结论 PWDTI可评估AMI不同治疗时段对心脏局部室壁功能的影响,提示急性心肌梗死后经皮延迟冠脉介入治疗安全有效。     

PWDTI对急性心肌梗死不同方案治疗后局部室壁运动的评估

目的应用脉冲组织多普勒成像技术(pulse-wave doppler yissue imaging,PWDTI)评价急性心肌梗死(acute myocardial infarction,AMI)不同治疗方案后局部室壁功能的变化情况。方法 AMI 患者72例,分为3组,经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)组30例,溶栓组27例,保守治疗组15例。采用PWDTI 定量测定患者治疗一周时局部室壁运动速度同时结合常规16节段超声心动图资料,并在梗死后1个月及3个月进行随访。结果 72例中共出现异常室壁运动节段382个,3组间异常室壁节段,PCI 和溶栓组在1周时收缩波峰速度(peak systolic velocity,Vs),收缩波加速度(acceleration of S wave,ACCs)及舒张早期峰速度/舒张晚期峰速度(E/A)均高于保守治疗组,在治疗后1个月到3个月时 Vs、收缩波时间速度积分(systolic velocity-timeintegral,VTIs)、ACCs 及 E/A 明显高于保守治疗组,但 PCI 组各项指标与溶栓组比较无统计学差异。结论PWDTI 评估 AMI 不同治疗对心脏局部室壁功能的影响,提示 PCI 或溶栓治疗优于保守治疗。     

老年急性心肌梗死直接介入治疗与溶栓治疗的临床研究

目的探讨急诊冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)与静脉溶栓治疗对老年急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者的近期疗效。方法 65例≥60岁的ST段抬高的AMI患者,31例接受急诊PCI治疗,34例接受静脉溶栓治疗,比较两种治疗方法对患者的临床近期效果。结果溶栓组梗死相关血管(IRA)再通率为58.8%,直接PCI组IRA再通率为96.8%;6个月时左室射血分数(LVEF)溶栓组为(40.2±6.3)%,直接PCI组为(53.8±6.7)%。出血并发症、住院期间病死率、再发心绞痛和主要心脏事件发生率,溶栓组明显高于直接PCI组。溶栓组平均住院时间为8.5d,PCI组平均住院时间为18.5d。结论对老年AMI患者,急诊PCI治疗更能尽快、及时有效地开通梗死相关动脉,挽救濒死心肌,改善左室功能,降低病死率。     

老年急性心肌梗死患者PCI与经静脉给药溶栓疗效的比较

目的:比较经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)和经静脉给药溶栓两种方法治疗老年急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者的近远期临床疗效。方法:180例老年AMI患者分为PCI组和静脉溶栓组,各90例,比较两组患者的梗死相关血管的再通率,住院期间和随访期间左心室射血分数(LVEF)、主要心血管不良事件发生率。结果:与静脉溶栓组比较,PCI组患者的梗死血管再通率显著提高(61.1%比92.2%),在治疗结束时LVEF改善[(52.26±7.33)%比(58.27±7.59)%],和随访期间LVEF改善[随访3个月:(53.59±8.04)%比(60.44±7.53)%,随访12个月:(55.16±7.35)%比(63.71±7.77)%]更明显,且在随访12个月时,心脏不良事件的总发生率显著降低(82.22%比24.44%),P均0.01。结论:经皮冠状动脉介入治疗急性心肌梗死梗死相关动脉的再通率,心功能恢复均显著好于静脉溶栓治疗,且心脏不良事件更少,可作为老年急性心肌梗死的首选治疗。     

经皮冠状动脉介入治疗与静脉溶栓对急性心肌梗死临床疗效的比较

目的为了探讨经皮冠状动介入治疗(PCI)与静脉溶栓治疗对急性心肌梗死(AMI)近远期临床疗效。方法本实验选择首次AMI患者192例,其中103例患者接受静脉溶栓治疗(溶栓组),89例患者接受梗死相关动脉(IRA)直接PCI(PCI组),比较两组之间患者的临床治疗效果。随访一年内心脏事件发生情况。结果溶栓组血管再通率为72.8%,PCI组再通率为97.8%,PCI组高于溶栓组;近期PCI组左心室射血分数(LVEF)高于溶栓组,(65.42±9.38)%和(56.75±10.82)%,P<0.001;溶栓组病死率、梗死后心力衰竭发生率、住院期间补救PCI例数及择期PCI例数高于PCI组。一年后,溶栓组失访12例,PCI组失访8例。两组对比,PCI组LVEF高于溶栓组;再发心绞痛发生率、再梗死率、再次血管再通术例数PCI组均低于溶栓组,且有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论与静脉溶栓比较,直接PCI可明显增加梗死相关血管的再通率,更好地保护心功能,缩短患者的住院时间,改善预后,提高生存率。     

冠状动脉介入或联合溶栓治疗急性心肌梗死的临床研究

目的探讨急诊冠状动脉介入治疗 (PCI)或联合溶栓治疗对急性心肌梗死 (AMI)的临床疗效。方法　对 3 3例AMI患者行直接PCI治疗 (PCI组 ) ,3 6例AMI患者在溶栓治疗的同时行直接PCI治疗 (溶栓 +PCI组 ) ,42例AMI患者行溶栓治疗 (溶栓组 ) ,比较各组住院和随诊期间的情况。结果　PCI组住院天数为 (9.3± 4.1)天 ,左心室射血分数 (LVEF)为 (4 5 .1± 4.2 ) % ;随诊期间 ,心绞痛发作 2例 ,择期再次PCI 2例。溶栓 +PCI组住院天数为 (9.2± 4.0 )天 ,LVEF为 (4 7.2± 4.1) % ;随诊期间 ,心绞痛发作 1例 ,择期再次PCI 1例。溶栓组住院天数为 (14 .0± 7.3 )天。LVEF为 (4 1.8± 6.4) % ;随诊期间 ,心绞痛发作 15例 ,择期PCI 14例。结论　AMI直接PCI或溶栓 +PCI可降低AMI的住院死亡率 (P <0 .0 1) ,缩短住院天数 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,有效保护心脏功能 (P <0 .0 1)。     

直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗与溶栓联合经皮冠状动脉介入治疗急性心肌梗死的疗效评估

目的探讨静脉溶栓联合经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）急性心肌梗死（AMI）的安全性及有效性。方法患者随机分为接受溶栓联合PCI治疗组和直接PCI治疗组，比较血管再通率、从疼痛到血管再通时间、病死率、主要心血管事件发生率、再梗死率、左室舒张末期前后径（EDD）和左心室射血分数（LVEF）。结果两组患者自发病至PCI时问比较无明显差异；首次冠状动脉造影显示：溶栓联合PCI治疗组PCI术前梗死相关动脉TIMI 3级血流者明显较直接PCI治疗组多；溶栓联合PCI组介入治疗成功率高，且术后TIMI 3级血流者多于直接PCI治疗组；PCI术后1周时溶栓联合PCI组心肌梗死面积明显小于直接PCI组；两组比较出血并发症发生率差异无显著性。结论溶栓后即刻PCI治疗急性心肌梗死安全有效。早期再通率高，心肌梗死面积小。更有利于保护心室功能，且不增加出血并发症。     

冠状动脉内注射乌拉地尔对急性心肌梗死心肌灌注和心功能的影响

目的:探讨乌拉地尔对急性心肌梗死(AMI)急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)患者心肌灌注和心功能的影响。方法:对经急诊PCI治疗的AMI患者54例,随机分为乌拉地尔组、硝酸甘油组和对照组。分别于经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术前冠状动脉内注射乌拉地尔、硝酸甘油、生理盐水。观察PCI术前、术后心肌梗死溶栓试验(TIMI)血流、校正的TIMI帧计数(cTFC)、心肌充血分级(MBG)、ST段回落、心肌坏死指标、左心室射血分数(LVEF)及住院期间主要心血管不良事件(MACE)。结果:乌拉地尔组与硝酸甘油组和对照组相比,PCI后cTFC降低、MBG增加、ST段回落增加、LVEF增加、CK和TnT峰值降低(P均<0.01)。结论:乌拉地尔可改善AMI急诊PCI患者冠状动脉血流、心肌灌注和左心室收缩功能,减少梗死面积,不增加住院期间MACE。     

急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术与静脉溶栓治疗急性心肌梗死的临床疗效及安全性比较

目的比较急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)与静脉溶栓治疗急性心肌梗死(AMI)的临床疗效及安全性。方法选取2015年5月—2016年3月荆州市监利县人民医院心血管内科收治的AMI患者68例,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组34例。对照组患者给予静脉溶栓治疗,观察组患者行急诊PCI。比较两组患者心肌梗死溶栓试验(TIMI)血流分级,治疗前后左心室收缩末期内径(LVESD)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左心室射血分数(LVEF),随访1年期间不良心血管事件(心绞痛、心力衰竭、心源性死亡、再梗死)发生情况。结果观察组患者TIMI血流分级优于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者治疗前LVESD、LVEDD、LVEF比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组患者治疗后LVESD、LVEDD均低于对照组,LVEF高于对照组(P0.05)。观察组患者随访期间不良心血管事件发生率低于对照组(P0.05)。结论与静脉溶栓治疗相比,急诊PCI治疗AMI的临床疗效更好、安全性更高。     

经皮冠状动脉介入联合尿激酶原在老年急性心肌梗死患者中的应用效果

目的研究经冠状动脉介入(PCI)联合尿激酶原在老年急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者中的应用效果。方法选取老年AMI患者240例,采用随机数字法将其分为对照组和观察组,每组120例。对照组直接进行PCI治疗,观察组先给予尿激酶原进行溶栓治疗后继续行PCI治疗。比较两组梗死血管再通率、心肌梗死面积,治疗前后心脏功能指标、TIMI血流分级、治疗期间主要不良心血管事件发生情况。结果治疗后,观察组梗死血管再通率与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(χ~2=10.37,P=0.24),观察组心肌梗死面积明显低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组左心室收缩末期内径(LVDs)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVDd)水平均明显低于对照组(P<0.05),左心室后壁厚度(LVPW)、室间隔厚度(IVS)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)水平明显高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组TIMI血流分级情况与对照组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组不良心血管事件发生率(4.17%)明显低于对照组(17.49%,χ~2=11.04,P=0.00)。结论 PCI联合尿激酶原治疗老年AMI的疗效显著,能有效改善患者的梗死血管堵塞情况、降低心肌梗死面积、增强患者心功能,且安全性较高。     

心肌缺血预适应在急性心肌梗死中的临床意义

目的　探讨心肌缺血预适应在 AMI中的临床意义。方法　 12 0例初发 AMI患者 ,按 AMI发作前 48小时内有无心绞痛分为缺血预适应组 (IP组 n=6 6 )与对照组 (n=5 4) ,测定左心室射血分数 (L VEF)和左心室室壁运动情况、心肌酶 (CPK、CPK- Mb)峰值、心电图 QRS记分 ,观察住院期间心律失常、心功能不全、心源性休克和室壁瘤发生率并进行比较。结果　 IP组 CPK、CPK- Mb峰值、心电图 QRS记分和心功能不全、频发室性期前收缩、VT/VF和 II- III°房室传导阻滞 (AVB)的发生率以及住院期病死率明显低于对照组 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,而 L VEF值明显高于对照组 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论　心肌缺血预适应在 AMI病人中发挥了心脏保护作用 ,有利于减少心肌梗死面积和左心室收缩功能的恢复 ,并减少恶性心律失常的发生率及住院期病死率     

急性心肌梗死后左心室收缩功能的定量组织速度成像分析

目的:应用定量组织速度成像技术(QTVI)测定急性前壁心肌梗死(MI)后不同时段左室的收缩功能,评价再灌注治疗对急性前壁MI患者左室收缩功能的短期影响。方法:对60例初次急性前壁MI患者[心梗后再灌注治疗28例,未再灌注治疗(未再通)32例]和年龄匹配的健康人25例应用QTVI技术分别测量二尖瓣环的收缩期峰值运动速度,计算平均峰值速度(Sa)。通过Simpson方法测定并计算左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室短轴缩短率(FS)。急性前壁MI患者分别于发病后第2、4、12周进行上述测量。比较分析再灌注治疗对急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者左室收缩功能的短期影响。结果:Sa与LVEF呈显著正相关(r=0.76);AMI患者发病后第2、4、12周的Sa、LVEF、FS均低于对照组(P<0.01);再灌注组的Sa、LVEF、FS均显著优于未再通组(P<0.05-<0.01)。结论:QTVI测量二尖瓣环峰值运动速度能很好地反映左室整体收缩功能;及时有效的再灌注治疗可明显改善左室收缩功能。     

苯那普利对急性心肌梗塞后梗塞面积及心功能的近期和远期影响

目的对急性前壁心肌梗塞患者加用苯那普利治疗，观察其对梗塞面积及左室收缩功能的近期与远期效果。方法８８例ＡＭＩ患者随机分为苯那普利组（４５例）和常规治疗组（４３例）作为对照。入院即刻、３日、３周、６个月及１年作心电图ＱＲＳ评分，３周、６个月及１年作ＵＣＧ或心血池核素测定以判断左室收缩功能。结果１．苯那普利组ＱＲＳ评分明显降低；２．梗塞面积一直保持在２５．３％左右，未见扩大，而对照组均比苯那普利组扩大；３．ＬＶＥＦ测定在３周、６个月、１年均比对照组明显升高。结论苯那普利对梗塞面积、心电图评分、及心功能方面有明显改善的作用。     

Infarct Size as Predictor of Systolic Functional Recovery after Myocardial Infarction

Background

The effects of modern therapy on functional recovery after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are unknown.

Objectives

To evaluate the predictors of systolic functional recovery after anterior wall AMI in patients undergoing modern therapy (reperfusion, aggressive platelet antiaggregant therapy, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and beta-blockers).

Methods

A total of 94 consecutive patients with AMI with ST-segment elevation were enrolled. Echocardiograms were performed during the in-hospital phase and after 6 months. Systolic dysfunction was defined as ejection fraction value < 50%.

Results

In the initial echocardiogram, 64% of patients had systolic dysfunction. Patients with ventricular dysfunction had greater infarct size, assessed by the measurement of total and isoenzyme MB creatine kinase enzymes, than patients without dysfunction. Additionally, 24.5% of patients that initially had systolic dysfunction showed recovery within 6 months after AMI. Patients who recovered ventricular function had smaller infarct sizes, but larger values of ejection fraction and E-wave deceleration time than patients without recovery. At the multivariate analysis, it can be observed that infarct size was the only independent predictor of functional recovery after 6 months of AMI when adjusted for age, gender, ejection fraction and E-wave deceleration time.

Conclusion

In spite of aggressive treatment, systolic ventricular dysfunction remains a frequent event after the anterior wall myocardial infarction. Additionally, 25% of patients show functional recovery. Finally, infarct size was the only significant predictor of functional recovery after six months of acute myocardial infarction.     

Impact of spontaneous anterograde flow of the infarct artery on left ventricular function in patients with a first anterior wall acute myocardial infarction

To assess the impact of spontaneous anterograde flow of the infarct artery on outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), we studied 478 patients with a first anterior wall AMI who underwent coronary angiography within 12 hours after the onset of chest pain; Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) 3 flow was obtained after reperfusion therapy. Patients were divided into 3 groups: 119 patients with spontaneous anterograde flow (initial TIMI 2 or 3 flow) of the infarct artery, 118 patients with an initially occluded artery (TIMI 0 or 1 flow) and time to angiography or=55% (odds ratio 7.13, 95% confidence interval 3.10 to 16.4, p <0.001). In conclusion, although very early reperfusion improved LV function more than late reperfusion, spontaneous anterograde flow was associated with better acute and predischarge LV function after AMI compared with very early reperfusion of an initially occluded artery.     

早期补镁对心肌梗死再灌注时心肌顿抑的影响

目的:评价急性心肌梗死(AMI)早期补给硫酸镁对再灌注时心肌顿抑及梗死后左室收缩功能的影响。方法:将82例AMI患者随机分为硫酸镁干预组(n=42)和对照组(n=40),干预组在接受再灌注治疗前30min静脉给予25％硫酸镁20ml,两组均接受静脉溶栓或直接经皮冠脉介入治疗术(PCI)。再灌注成功的病例采用低剂量多巴酚丁胺超声负荷试验(LDDE)检测顿抑心肌的发生,并测定梗死后左室射血分数(LVEF)及左室收缩末期容量(LVESV)。结果:与对照组相比,硫酸镁干预组的顿抑心肌节段和梗死心肌节段较少(P<0.05),左室收缩功能优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:AMI再灌注治疗同时早期补镁作为一种辅助治疗手段具有重要的意义。     

Recombinant Human Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Provides Cardioprotection During Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion in the Mouse

Purpose

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) drives an intense inflammatory response that contributes to infarct healing and cardiac remodeling. Recently, different studies have identified a role of interleukin-1 (IL-1) in the development of adverse cardiac remodeling. However, in animal models of AMI IL-1 has been shown to be cardioprotective in preconditioning, raising the question of clinical safety of therapeutic IL-1 blockade for autoinflammatory diseases or for the prevention or the treatment of AMI. In this study we proposed to evaluate the effects of pretreatment with recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (rhIL-1Ra) on ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury to the heart.

Methods

RhIL-1Ra was given 4?h or 30?min before the surgical induction of I/R. Left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) and infarct size were assessed to determine the effects of the drug pretreatment compared to vehicle treated mice.

Results

RhIL-1Ra, given 4?h or 30?min before the onset of the ischemia, showed marked cardioprotection though preservation of the LVEF (no change vs sham operated mice) and the reduction of the infarct size (?40?% vs vehicle-treated mice). No differences were observed between the two groups of rhIL-1Ra treatment.

Conclusions

IL-1 blockade therapies using rhIL-1Ra prior the onset of AMI protects the myocardium and preserves cardiac function.     

Acute Myocardial Infarction with Hyperoxemic Therapy (AMIHOT): a prospective, randomized trial of intracoronary hyperoxemic reperfusion after percutaneous coronary intervention.

OBJECTIVES: This study sought to determine whether hyperoxemic reperfusion with aqueous oxygen (AO) improves recovery of ventricular function after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). BACKGROUND: Hyperbaric oxygen reduces myocardial injury and improves ventricular function when administered during ischemia-reperfusion. METHODS: In a prospective, multicenter study, 269 patients with acute anterior or large inferior AMI undergoing primary or rescue PCI (<24 h from symptom onset) were randomly assigned after successful PCI to receive hyperoxemic reperfusion (treatment group) or normoxemic blood autoreperfusion (control group). Hyperoxemic reperfusion was performed for 90 min using intracoronary AO. The primary end points were final infarct size at 14 days, ST-segment resolution, and delta regional wall motion score index of the infarct zone at 3 months. RESULTS: At 30 days, the incidence of major adverse cardiac events was similar between the control and AO groups (5.2% vs. 6.7%, p = 0.62). There was no significant difference in the incidence of the primary end points between the study groups. In post-hoc analysis, anterior AMI patients reperfused <6 h who were treated with AO had a greater improvement in regional wall motion (delta wall motion score index = 0.54 in control group vs. 0.75 in AO group, p = 0.03), smaller infarct size (23% of left ventricle in control group vs. 9% of left ventricle in AO group, p = 0.04), and improved ST-segment resolution compared with normoxemic controls. CONCLUSIONS: Intracoronary hyperoxemic reperfusion was safe and well tolerated after PCI for AMI, but did not improve regional wall motion, ST-segment resolution, or final infarct size. A possible treatment effect was observed in anterior AMI patients reperfused <6 h of symptom onset.     

急诊直接冠脉介入治疗急性心肌梗塞的临床价值

目的:探讨急诊直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)对急性心肌梗塞(AMI)患者近期及远期预后的影响。方法:65例初次AMI患者被随机分为两组:直接PCI组(A组,35例)及静脉溶栓成功组(B组,30例)。比较分析住院及随访期间两组主要临床事件发生率。结果:(1)住院期间直接PCI组的平均住院天数(d)、出血率(%)、再发不稳定心绞痛(%)、非致死心肌梗塞(%)、心源性死亡率(%)明显低于溶栓组(P<0.01);(2)随访期直接PCI组左室扩大(%)、室壁瘤形成(%)、死亡(%)、再狭窄率(%)等发生率亦显著低于溶栓组(P<0.01),存活率(%)及射血分数(%)明显高于溶栓组(P<0.05~<0.01)。结论:急诊直接PCI治疗是早期再灌注安全有效的方法,对于提高再通率、减少并发症及改善心功能优于溶栓组。