64层螺旋CT肺动脉成像的临床研究

目的：探讨64层螺旋凹肺动脉成像最佳扫描方法。方法：22例患者采用自动激发扫描、22例采用常规12s扫描、23例通过绘制时间密度曲线找出最佳扫描时间三种扫描方式。扫描完毕对数据进行后处理,包括MPR、MIP、VR。比较这三种扫描方法肺动脉的显影情况。结果：22例自动激发扫描患者中12例肺动脉显影清晰而肺静脉不显影,肺动脉显影清晰但肺静脉有强化8例,扫描失败2例;22例固定12s进行扫描,14例肺动脉显影清晰且肺静脉不显影,肺动脉显影清晰但肺静脉有强化者5例,扫描失败3例;23例采用时间密度曲线法进行扫描,21例肺动脉显影清晰且肺静脉不强化,肺动脉显影清晰但肺静脉有强化者2例,无扫描失败。结论：通过绘制时间密度曲线确定肺动脉扫描延迟时间的方法是64层螺旋CT肺动脉成像最佳扫描方法。     

Inadvertent ligation of the left pulmonary artery

In five patients, aged 4 days to 20 months, the left pulmonary artery was inadvertently ligated at the time of attempted closure of the patent ductus arteriosus. The complication was recognized in these patients between 1 day and 5 years later from findings of chest radiography, two-dimensional echocardiography with spectral analysis of Doppler shifted echoes, and angiography. In three patients, the presence of asymmetric pulmonary blood flow on chest radiographs obtained after surgery initially suggested the diagnosis. In the other two patients with bronchopulmonary dysplasia, the diagnosis was made by means of two-dimensional echocardiography and Doppler spectra in one and angiography in the other. On angiograms, the left pulmonary artery distal to the ligation was visualized by delayed opacification from aortic collaterals in three patients and by means of pulmonary venous wedge injection in one. Radiographic and echocardiographic examination with Doppler spectra may permit prompt diagnosis and early correction of this complication.     

Behcet病的胸部CT表现

目的 分析Behcet病的胸部CT表现,评价其在诊断中的作用.方法 回顾性分析13例有胸部病变的Behcet病的临床病历记录及CT影像资料,所有患者的诊断根据Behcet病国际研究小组诊断标准.结果 13例中3例表现为胸膜下斑片状实变影,3例为双肺弥漫磨玻璃密度影,1例左下叶塌陷伴有右下叶结节影,1例胸膜下孤立结节影,2例双侧少量胸水,2例伴有纵隔淋巴结增大,1例在治疗过程中CT表现为双肺弥漫性粟粒状结节.13例中8例有胸部血管病变,2例为上腔静脉栓塞;1例左锁骨下动脉瘤;1例左下肺动脉瘤伴附壁血栓;1例双下肺动脉瘤及左侧基底动脉瘤;3例右下肺动脉栓塞,其中2例伴有左肺动脉闭塞,1例伴有左侧基底动脉分支动脉瘤.结论 Behcet病的胸部CT表现多种多样,增强CT可显示胸部血管病变如上腔静脉或肺动脉栓塞、肺动脉瘤等,有助于对病变的评价.     

Clinical application of 64-slice spiral CT in the diagnosis of the Tetralogy of Fallot

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical application of 64-slice spiral CT in the diagnosis of the Tetralogy of Fallot. METHODS: Eighteen patients with diagnosed Tetralogy of Fallot underwent cardiac CT angiography with 64-slice CT (CTA). Two- and three-dimensional images were used for diagnosing in all cases by means of MPR (coronal, sagital and oblique), cMPR, MIP and VRT. RESULTS: All patients had ventricular septal defect, pulmonary stenosis and hypertrophy of right ventricle. The morphologic features of Tetralogy of Fallot were equal to echocardiography. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) were detected on eight patients. Main coronary artery branches and partial sub-branches were visualized in all patients. Abnormal coronary arteries were found in seven cases: both left and right main coronary artery arising from the right aortic sinus one case, right main coronary artery and circumflex (CX) arising from the right aortic sinus one case, left anterior descending (LAD) and CX arising from left aortic sinus directly one case, left and right coronary artery arising from back and front of the aortic sinus, respectively, three cases. Pulmonary artery branch stenosis was found in 12 cases and branch pulmonary artery dilation noticed in 1 case. Double superior vena cava was also found in one case. According to the surgery the diagnostic accuracy of CT and Echocardiography was 95.45 and 83.33%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Two- and three-dimensional 64-slice CTA not only show the overall anatomical structure of the heart, but also show coronary and pulmonary arteries. With these results, evaluation of coronary anomalies and pulmonary artery stenosis with 64-MSCT is extremely valuable for planning the operative procedure on the patients with Tetralogy of Fallot.     

肺动脉吊带的影像学诊断

目的 评价肺动脉吊带的影像学诊断价值。方法 7例肺动脉吊带中5例做了心血管造影（ACG）（5例均做了MR检查，4例同时做了CT检查），2例仅做MR检查。结果 7例肺动脉吊带病例中6例显示左肺动脉起始于右肺动脉远端分叉部，并绕过气管后方（4例有气管压迫征象，临床有气急、喘鸣的症状），另有1例为左下肺动脉起始于右肺动脉远端近分叉处，左上肺动脉起始正常。5例经手术证实。结论 ACG、造影增强磁共振血管造影（CE-MRA）、CT血管造影（CTA）为明确肺动脉吊带诊断的最佳方法，3种方法可互为补充。心血管造影选择性强，CE-MRA的三维成像显示肺动脉的走向较有优势；CTA可以同时显示气管和异常起源的左肺动脉之间的关系。     

肺动脉异常起源于升主动脉的影像学诊断

目的 探讨肺动脉异常起源于升主动脉的影像学诊断价值。资料与方法 6例肺动脉异常起源于升主动脉，作心血管造影(ACG)及MRI检查。结果 6例中3例为右肺动脉异常起源于升主动脉，均为近端型；3例为左肺动脉异常起源于升主动脉，1例属近端型，2例远端型。结论 肺动脉异常起源于升主动脉为少见的先天性心脏病，心血管造影仍是诊断的主要手段，MRI是非创伤性检查中较为可靠、有潜力的诊断方法。     

原发性肺动脉肿瘤的影像学诊断

目的：探讨原发性肺动脉肿瘤临床及影像学特点。方法：对3例经手术、病理证实的原发性肺动脉肿瘤（良性间叶细胞瘤、恶性间叶细胞瘤及纤维肉瘤各1例）进行回顾性分析。3例均经胸部X线平片、电子束CT（EBCT）、核素肺灌注显像、超声心动图及肺动脉造影进行检查。结果：2例EBCT检查作出正确诊断，其中1例其他影像学检查均考虑肺动脉栓塞；另1例所有影像学检查均误诊为肺动脉栓塞。结论：原发肺动脉肿瘤非常少见，临床无特异性，诊断困难。X线平片、CT及肺动脉造影均有其相应的征象，但均为非特异性，综合影像学检查是必要的。     

Radiologic detection of pulmonary artery hypertension

In 43 patients with obstructive and restrictive lung disease a catheterisation of the right heart with measurement of pulmonary artery pressure was performed. In a retrospective study several radiological parameters of pulmonary hypertension were evaluated on the chest radiographs of these patients. Considering those parameters on the p.a. and lateral chest radiograph, the diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension in patients with elevated pulmonary artery pressure at rest can be made with great accuracy. When pulmonary artery pressure is elevated only during exercise, the accuracy of radiological diagnosis is much lower.