某医学院大学生吸烟行为现况调查

目的:了解某医学院大学生吸烟现状及对控制吸烟的态度,分析该人群吸烟行为的影响因素,为今后教育和干预措施提供科学理论依据。方法:整群抽取某医学院一到四年级在校学生787名,采用自填调查问卷的方法来调查学生的一般特征和吸烟相关的知识、信念、行为。结果:787名调查对象中总吸烟率为18.0%,其中男生为30.6%,女生为2.0%,男生吸烟率高于女生(P<0.001);随着年级的升高,吸烟率呈上升趋势(P<0.05),好奇、社交需要、周围朋友是影响学生吸烟的主要因素;吸烟者与不吸烟者在对吸烟有害健康和被动吸烟有害健康的知识知晓方面有差异(P<0.01),对肺癌、高血压的知晓率有差异(P<0.05);吸烟者与不吸烟者对于遭受被动吸烟时的态度、对不同人群吸烟的态度、对公共场所禁烟的态度和向未成年人售烟的态度都具有差异性(P<0.001)。结论:医学生吸烟现状不容乐观,社会和学校必须采取积极有效的综合措施加以干预。     

医学生吸烟现况及心理行为的分析

分阐明大学生吸烟的状况及心理和行为模式，作者于１９９３年５月～１１月应用流行病学的理论与方法对某校１３０３名医学大学生进行了吸烟现状的调查，结果表明，总吸烟率为１４．５８％，其中男生主２９．３４％，女生为１．３１％，各年级男生吸烟率有随年级的增高而增加的趋势；多数大学生吸第一支烟的年龄在１４～１９岁之间，生源，心理和行为等为影响学生吸烟的主要因素，吸烟者与不吸烟者均认为吸烟有利于社交，企盼建立一套     

成都市医务人员吸烟状况及控烟干预研究

目的 了解成都市医务人员的吸烟状况及其控烟态度和行为,并对其进行干预及其效果评价。方法 采用问卷形式对成都市3家医院的932名医务人员的吸烟危害知识、控烟态度和行为进行调查,并对一家医院进行干预,同时对干预结果进行评价。结果 男性吸烟率为49．7％,女性为0．2％,男性吸烟者主要集中在外科医生和医技人员中;知识方面,对吸烟与肺癌、缺血性心脏病的关系掌握较好,但对被动吸烟与儿童中耳炎和猝死综合症关系回答正确的仅41．5％和48．2％;86．2％的不吸烟者中反对“被动吸烟无害”,但吸烟者中仅为70．4％,两者的差异有统计学意义;态度方面,对于以经济手段来处罚违反吸烟规定者,不吸烟者和吸烟者赞成的比例分别是87．5％和68．1％,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．001）;行为方面,不吸烟者询问病人吸烟状况的比例高于吸烟者,同时不吸烟者鼓励家人或朋友戒烟的比例明显高于吸烟者,二者差异有统计学意义。通过综合干预,医务人员的吸烟率差异虽无统计学意义,但有好转趋势;控烟态度明显好于干预前,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论 目前医务人员的吸烟率较高,控烟意识淡漠,吸烟者和不吸烟者在控烟态度和行为方面存在差异。在医院环境中采取综合干预的方法可以改变医务人员的吸烟行为,提高其控烟意识。     

吸烟医务人员控烟知识、态度、行为及其影响因素分析

目的为了解云南省男性吸烟医务人员吸烟控烟的知识、态度和行为及其影响因素 ,为有关控烟政策的制定提供科学的背景资料和决策依据。方法采用自行设计的调查表对云南省六地区 981名男性吸烟医务人员吸烟控烟知识、态度及行为进行调查 ,对调查结果进行单因素、多因素分析。结果 ( 1)吸烟者知识得分最高 ,态度得分次之 ,行为得分最低 ,形成知与行相互分离的特点。( 2 )不同民族吸烟医务人员在知识、态度得分上有显著性差异 ;不同文化程度吸烟医务人员在知识得分上有显著性差异 ;随着开始吸烟年龄的后移 ,吸烟者知识、态度和行为得分逐渐增加 ,差异有显著性。( 3 )吸烟者知识得分、态度得分、是否采取戒烟行为得分受多个因素的影响。结论云南男性吸烟医务人员在吸烟问题上知而不信、信而不行 ,不利于我省控烟运动的开展。     

复旦大学大学生吸烟情况及影响因素调查

目的 了解复旦大学大学生吸烟现状，分析该人群吸烟行为的影响因素，寻找有效的控烟策略以预防和矫正大学生的吸烟行为。方法 对4019名在校本科生进行了问卷调查。结果 吸烟率为2．3％，现在吸烟率为2．3％。性别、年级、专业与现在是否吸烟有关。男性是吸烟的危险因素；随着年级的升高，吸烟率呈上升趋势；非医学专业的吸烟率高于医学专业。结论 大学生对吸烟的态度和信念较好，但是吸烟率仍然处于一个比较高的水平，近一半的吸烟者并没有戒烟的打算，非吸烟者拒绝被动吸烟的意识也比较薄弱。开展控烟运动已刻不容缓，成为当务之急。     

吸烟医务人员控烟知识、态度、行为及其影响因素分析

目的为了解云南省男性吸烟医务人员吸烟控烟的知识、态度和行为及其影响因素,为有关控烟政策的制定提供科学的背景资料和决策依据.方法采用自行设计的调查表对云南省六地区981名男性吸烟医务人员吸烟控烟知识、态度及行为进行调查,对调查结果进行单因素、多因素分析.结果(1)吸烟者知识得分最高,态度得分次之,行为得分最低,形成知与行相互分离的特点.(2)不同民族吸烟医务人员在知识、态度得分上有显著性差异;不同文化程度吸烟医务人员在知识得分上有显著性差异;随着开始吸烟年龄的后移,吸烟者知识、态度和行为得分逐渐增加,差异有显著性.(3)吸烟者知识得分、态度得分、是否采取戒烟行为得分受多个因素的影响.结论云南男性吸烟医务人员在吸烟问题上知而不信、信而不行,不利于我省控烟运动的开展.     

呼和浩特市大学生吸烟情况调查

目的：了解内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市大学生吸烟情况,为预防控制此类不良行为提供依据。方法：采用随机整群抽样方法抽取呼和浩特市624名大学生进行调查。结果：共收回有效问卷622份,有效率为99.7%;尝试过吸烟者为44.4%（男57.9%,女32.4%,χ2=42.332,P〈0.001）;＂心情不好＂是吸烟的最主要原因,占吸烟者的8.8%;吸烟者中男生＂每天吸烟2~5支＂比例相对最高,占11.6%,性别差异无统计学意义,U=793.000P=0.139;吸烟者第一次抽完一整支烟＂16岁及以上＂占的15.6%,性别差异无统计学意义,U=3012.5P=0.228;大一新生尝试吸烟的比例最高,为46.4%;低年级（1＋2年级）尝试吸烟的比例高于高年级（3＋4年级）,（χ2=24.829,P〈0.001）。结论：呼和浩特市大学生尝试过吸烟的现象较为普遍。全社会必须采取积极有效的综合干预策略,控制大学生的吸烟行为。     

被动吸烟的危害

被动吸烟(间接吸烟)又称强制吸烟。吸烟者吸进后再从口喷出的烟叫主流烟,从点火部逸散出的烟叫副流烟。非吸烟者一旦吸入主流烟和副流烟则是被动吸烟的根源。国内外进行的许多检查结果,香烟中毒性物质大部分在副流烟方面含量多,例如按粒子相苯并芘为3.4倍,2-萘胺为39倍,按气相则一氧化碳为2.5倍,特别是近年已证实,2-萘胺具有致癌性,引人注目的二甲亚硝基胺为52倍。也就是说非吸烟者被吸入的副流烟比吸烟者吸入的主流烟的毒性还大得多。吸烟者     

吸烟对咽微循环的影响

目的：研究吸烟对烟微循环的影响。方法：用激光多普勒测量41例健康人吸烟前后烟血流。结果：吸烟前咽血流为（1．27±0．63）v，吸烟后80．5％咽血流有变化，吸烟者和非吸烟者吸烟后咽血流分别有66．7％和88．5％的变化。结论：吸烟对咽微循环有影响，对非吸烟者的影响大于吸烟者。对咽血流影响因吸烟量、吸烟后检查时间及咽局部对烟敏感性而异。     

控烟健康教育对中职男生吸烟认知和烟草使用态度的干预效果

目的了解控烟健康教育对中职男生吸烟认知和烟草使用态度的干预效果。方法采取抽签法从桂东卫生学校2017级男生中抽取70人进行控烟健康教育,共6学时,内容包括烟草常识、吸烟历史、吸烟危害、禁烟斗争、戒烟知识、戒烟故事。采用自编的中职男生吸烟及吸烟认知现状调查问卷、中职男生吸烟干预效果调查问卷、中职男生吸烟相关知识测试问卷评估干预前后中职男生吸烟认知和烟草使用态度。结果控烟健康教育后,男生对吸烟的认知和烟草使用态度发生转变,现在不吸烟者比吸烟者拒烟态度转变更明显,具有显著性差异;现在吸烟者戒烟态度转变明显,但现在吸烟非烟草依赖者和烟草依赖者之间无显著性差异。中职男生吸烟相关认知知识测试成绩提高明显,干预前后有显著性差异。非条件Logistic回归分析显示,吸烟自身危害严重性认识、是否现在吸烟是拒烟态度转变的主要影响因素。结论控烟健康教育能改变中职男生吸烟认知和烟草使用态度,将控烟健康教育引入课堂教学是一种简便而有效的控烟办法。     

The status of tobacco use and knowledge, and attitudes relating to smoking among female students in a Bengbu medical school

Objective: To learn the status of tobacco use, and the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors among female students in Bengbu Medical College. Methods: In a cross-sectional survey, questionnaires were completed by 634 female students in the medical college in 2007,including the prevalence of current smoking, their knowledge of the effects of tobacco use on health, and attitudes towards the smoking behaviors of young women. Results: Only 6.9% of female medical students were former smokers, and 4.9% of them were current smokers. There was no significant difference in the current smoking rate among the students from each department surveyed. Female students from urban areas were more likely to be current or attempted smokers than those from rural areas. The proportion of the students who were aware of the health risks of smoking was less than 45%. The students from the Department of Nursing had more knowledge regarding the harmful health effects of smoking than those from the other departments. There was no significant difference in attitudes towards the smoking behaviors of young women among the students from each department. Compared with female students from rural areas, the female students from urban areas were significantly more likely to think that a young woman who smoked was cool, mature and charming. Conclusion: The smoking prevalence of the female students in Bengbu Medical College is high. They are not aware of the smoking related risks and have erroneous beliefs and perceptions about female smoking behaviors.     

Australian patterns of tobacco smoking in 1986

A total of 9440 Australian men and women of over 15 years of age was interviewed at home in 1986 to determine the prevalence and consumption levels of tobacco products. Current smokers were defined as those who smoked any combination of cigarettes, cigars or pipes regularly. The percentage of current smokers among men was 32.9% and among women was 28.5%, and the peak prevalence of smoking was in the age-group 20-24 years for both men (40.5%) and women (40.8%). Among men, 27.7% were past smokers, and among women, 16.5% were past smokers. The proportion of past smokers among those who had ever smoked was higher in men (0.46) than among women (0.37), but in the younger age groups there was no relative excess among men. Male smokers consumed more cigarettes per day than did female smokers and men were exposed to a higher daily average amount of cigarette tar. Sociodemographic variables that were associated with smoking in both men and women included age and educational and occupational level. Asian-born persons had a significantly lower prevalence of smoking than did persons who were born in Australia.     

Changing habits and attitudes towards smoking among future physicians

This study was conducted to asses the future physicians' habits, knowledge and attitude towards smoking. These factors influence the credibility of future Malaysian physicians as advocators and treatment providers. A cross sectional study was carried out among medical students at the Medical Faculty, University Malaya. Knowledge on smoking was evaluated on the total scores for knowledge questions, with one point and zero for each correct and incorrect answer respectively, to a maximum of six potential points. Attitude towards smoking was measured by summation of scores on attitude items; each item was scored from five points for "against smoking" and one point for "favourable to smoking". The possible score ranged from 10 to 50. The response rate was 79.4%. Prevalence of overall smokers was 4.4%. The mean knowledge score among smokers (4.30 +/- 2.17) was significantly lower than nonsmokers (5.19 +/- 1.28). The mean attitude score was higher among non-smokers (44.30 +/- 6.54) than smokers (39.86 +/- 10.93). The result from this study showed that smoking prevalence was lower compared to previous studies done in Malaysia.     

Is the smoking decision an 'informed choice'? Effect of smoking risk factors on smoking beliefs

The argument that people freely choose to smoke assumes that individuals at the point of initiation of smoking (often in adolescence) hold accurate beliefs about smoking. Smoking beliefs and the presence of known smoking risk factors were assessed in interviews with a sample of 895 urban young people. The respondents greatly overestimated the prevalence of adult and peer smoking, negative attitudes of their peers were greatly underestimated, a large proportion believed that they would be less likely than other people to contract a smoking-related illness if they became smokers, and there was a general lack of understanding of the adverse consequences experienced upon smoking cessation. These misperceptions were more common among youngsters who were smokers, who intended to smoke, or who had friends or family members who smoked. Because misinformation among young people is widespread and those at greatest risk for smoking are the most misinformed, the tobacco industry's argument that the decision to smoke reflects an "informed choice" is without merit.     

吸烟美沙酮维持治疗门诊患者的烟草使用行为与生活质量的关系

目的:探索吸烟美沙酮维持治疗(Methadone Maintenance Treatment,MMT)门诊患者的烟草使用行为与生活质量的关系,以验证烟草依赖的"自我治疗假说"。方法:540例吸烟MMT患者完成尼古丁依赖严重程度量表(Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence,FTND)和中文版世界卫生组织生命质量量表简表(World Health Organization's Quality of Life Questionnaire-Brief Version,Whoqol-BREF)调查,采用多元线性回归分析吸烟量、尼古丁依赖程度和吸烟年限与生活质量评分的关系。结果:多元线性回归分析显示,吸烟量与Whoqol-BREF的生理和心理领域评分负相关(β=-0.155^-0.161,P≤0.004);FTND评分与Whoqol-BREF的4个领域评分负相关(β=-0.339-0.161,P≤0.004);FTND评分与Whoqol-BREF的4个领域评分负相关(β=-0.339^-0.353,P均<0.001)。结论:吸烟MMT患者吸烟量越大和尼古丁依赖程度越重,生命质量越差,该发现不支持"自我治疗假说"。     

怀化市某高校大学生尝试吸烟状况及影响因素研究

目的：分析怀化市某高校大学生尝试吸烟的现状及影响因素。方法：在怀化市某高校不同年级和不同专 业中随机选择研究对象,采用自制问卷进行调查。应用单因素χ2检验和多因素logistic回归分析,对影响尝试吸烟的因 素进行分析。结果：本研究共调查1 050名大学生,收回有效问卷973份。结果显示在收回问卷的973名大学生中,尝 试吸烟率为21.17%。53.7%的大学生在初高中开始尝试吸烟,主观原因主要是好奇心理及压抑烦闷,分别占47.1%和 45.2%。男性学生尝试吸烟的危险高于女性(OR=6.730);家长对子女吸烟不反对不管理的态度(OR=1.866)是学生尝试 吸烟的重要危险因素。结论：初高中时期是尝试吸烟的高峰期,好奇及烦闷心理是大学生尝试吸烟的重要原因,性 别及家庭教育管理是影响大学生尝试吸烟的重要因素。     

Cigarette smoking among school teachers in Tobago

Tobago, until lately, was considered a society with a low prevalence of cigarette smoking. Recent surveys, however, showed an increasing smoking prevalence among school children. To assess whether teachers in Tobago can be credible role models for their pupils, we carried out a cross-sectional survey on their smoking-related attitudes and behaviour in 2002. We distributed anonymous, structured questionnaires to teachers of all 52 primary and secondary schools in the island and conducted structured observations in schools. Of 579 teachers present during the survey, 559 (97%) returned a completed questionnaire; 8.6% of the male and 2.4% of the female teachers reported to be current cigarette smokers; slightly higher proportions had ever been daily smokers. Teachers were well aware of the harmful effects of smoking. Significantly more non-smokers than current smokers were in favour of strict school smoking regulations. The vast majority of the teachers perceived anti-smoking education as their duty. None of the schools had dedicated smoking rooms for teachers, and we found no cigarette butts in or around teachers' rooms. In Tobago, teachers have a lower reported prevalence of cigarette smoking than their pupils. Thus, most teachers can be credible role models with regard to smoking prevention and should be encouraged to become more active in school-based preventive activities.     

Tobacco and alcohol use among Australian secondary schoolchildren

A national survey of 23,359 Australian schoolchildren who were predominantly in the age range of 12-17 years was undertaken in 1984 to determine their levels of use of tobacco and alcohol. The prevalence of current smoking behaviour (that is, at least one cigarette in the past week) rose with age to 34% among girls and 29% among boys at 15 years of age. The prevalence of current drinking behaviour (that is, at least one drink in the past week) rose with age to 49% among girls and 56% among boys at 17 years of age. Very few pupils reported daily drinking but from 15 years of age between 12% and 14% of the sampled students reported smoking every day. Boys who currently smoked and drank reported higher consumptions of tobacco and alcohol than did girls who currently smoked and drank. Most smoking and drinking took place at weekends. Normal responses for intention to smoke in the future, and for drinkers and smokers "self-referent labels" are also reported, and it is suggested that health education programmes for schoolchildren usefully could be focused on these psychological factors.     

Smoking in China: findings of the 1996 National Prevalence Survey.

CONTEXT: As the world's largest producer and consumer of tobacco products, China bears a large proportion of the global burden of smoking-related disease and may be experiencing a tobacco epidemic. OBJECTIVE: To develop an evidence-based approach supporting tobacco control initiatives in China. DESIGN AND SETTING: A population-based survey consisting of a 52-item questionnaire that included information on demographics, smoking history, smoking-related knowledge and attitudes, cessation, passive smoke exposure, and health status was administered in 145 disease surveillance points in the 30 provinces of China from March through July 1996. PARTICIPANTS: A nationally representative random sample of 128766 persons aged 15 to 69 years were asked to participate; 120298 (93.8%) provided data and were included in the final analysis. About two thirds of those sampled were from rural areas and one third were from urban areas. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Current smoking patterns and attitudes; changes in smoking patterns and attitudes compared with results of a previous national survey conducted in 1984. RESULTS: A total of 41187 respondents smoked at least 1 cigarette per day, accounting for 34.1% of the total number of respondents, an increase of 3.4 percentage points since 1984. Current smoking continues to be prevalent among more men (63%) than women (3.8%). Age at smoking initiation declined by about 3 years for both men and women (from 28 to 25 years). Only a minority of smokers recognized that lung cancer (36%) and heart disease (4%) can be caused by smoking. Of the nonsmokers, 53.5% were exposed to environmental tobacco smoke at least 15 minutes per day on more than 1 day per week. Respondents were generally supportive of tobacco control measures. CONCLUSION: The high rates of smoking in men found in this study signal an urgent need for smoking prevention and cessation efforts; tobacco control initiatives are needed to maintain or decrease the currently low smoking prevalence in women.