脑转移瘤伽玛刀配合全脑放疗的临床研究

目的探讨脑转移瘤伽玛刀治疗配合全脑放疗的疗效。方法自2002年3月至2006年3月收治脑转移瘤患者79例。原发灶控制稳定,脑转移患者中,44例采用伽玛刀配合全脑放疗,35例单纯给予伽玛刀治疗。伽玛刀治疗处方等剂量线采用45%～75%等剂量包绕计划靶区,边缘剂量15～20 Gy,中心30～45 Gy;全脑放疗每次分割剂量为2～3 Gy,1次/d,每周照射5次,总剂量25～30 Gy。结果伽玛刀治疗开始后3个月,复查MRI,影像学结果显示总的有效率为83.5%（66/79）。伽玛刀配合全脑放疗组的1年生存率为29.5%,2年生存率9.1%;单纯伽玛刀组患者的1年生存率为17.1%,2年生存率2.9%。随访期内未见严重放射性并发症。结论对脑转移瘤采用伽玛刀配合全脑放疗是较有效的局部治疗方式,副反应轻,均能耐受治疗。     

伽玛刀联合全脑放射治疗脑转移瘤

 目的　观察伽玛刀联合全脑放射治疗脑转移瘤患者的近期疗效。方法　将64例脑转移瘤患者随机分为伽玛刀联合全脑放疗组（A组,32例）和全脑放疗加三维适形放疗组（B组,32例）。 A组先行伽玛刀照射1次,周边剂量15～20 Gy;再行全脑放疗,总剂量40 Gy／20次。B组行全脑放疗,总剂量40 Gy／20次;然后转移灶行三维适形放疗追加剂量20 Gy／10次。结果　影像学结果显示A组近期有效率为93.8 %（30／32）明显高于B组71.9 %（23／32）（χ2＝5.38,P＜0.05）,同时A组32例Karnofsky评分提高者28例（87.5 %）,临床症状改善明显29例（90.6 %）,均优于B组（χ2＝5.33、χ2＝4.73,均P＜0.05）;急性放射性脑损伤发生率A组与B组比较差异无统计学意义（χ2＝0.33,P＞0.05）。结论　伽玛刀联合全脑放射治疗脑转移瘤能提高脑转移瘤患者的局部控制率,改善其生存质量,同时不增加放射性脑损伤。     

颅内转移瘤放射治疗方案的优化

目的:探讨颅内转移瘤放射治疗的优化方案。方法:回顾性分析2005年7月-2008年7月收治的50例颅内转移瘤患者。原发灶均得到控制,30例采用全脑放疗+立体定向放射外科(联合组),20例采用单纯立体定向放射外科(单一组)。立体定向放射外科处方剂量均采用45%-75%等剂量线包绕计划靶区,边缘剂量15-20Gy,中心剂量30-45Gy,一次完成。全脑放疗每次分割剂量为2Gy,1次/d,5次/w,总剂量40Gy/4w。结果:联合组的有效率明显高于单一组(P<0.05)。两组1年、2年生存率比较无差异(P>0.05)。两组均无生存3年以上患者。按病灶数进行分层研究:1年生存率单发病灶两组差异无显著性(P=0.212),1年生存率多发病灶联合组明显优于单一组(P=0.001),2年生存率两组差异无显著性。结论:对于多发颅内转移瘤患者,全脑放疗联合立体定向放射外科是比较优化的选择方案,而对于单发的颅内转移瘤患者,则可以先全脑放疗加立体定向放射外科或者直接立体定向放射外科治疗。     

立体定向放射治疗肺癌脑转移疗效分析

目的探讨不同放射治疗方法对肺癌脑转移的疗效.方法176例由病理学证实的肺癌脑转移患者分为4组:单纯全脑放疗(WBRT)组、全脑放疗加立体定向放射外科(WBRT SRS)组、单纯立体定向放射治疗(SRT)组、全脑放疗加立体定向放射治疗(WBRT SRT)组.SRS治疗单次靶区平均周边剂量8～20Gy,总剂量20～32Gy;SRT治疗单次靶区平均周边剂量2～5Gy,总剂量25～60Gy;WBRT1.8～2Gy/次,总剂量30～40Gy.结果四组的局部控制率分别为47.0%、87.7%、86.5%和78.0%;中位生存期分别为5.0,11.0,11.5和10.0个月;局部无进展生存期分别为3.33,8.33,9.33和7.67个月;颅脑无新病灶生存期分别为4.11,8.57,9.03和6.12个月.在死因分析中,WBRT组死于脑转移的比率为57.6%,较其他三组高.而WBRT SRS组的晚期放射反应的发生率为12.2%,较其他组高.结论肺癌单发脑转移瘤患者的最佳治疗方式是单纯立体定向放射治疗,治疗失败后再行挽救性全脑照射或立体定向放疗.对于多发脑转移,全脑放疗加立体定向放射治疗(WBRT SRT)在提高生存率以及减少并发症方面优于其他治疗方法.     

伽玛刀加体外照射治疗脑转移瘤疗效观察

 目的　观察脑转移瘤采用伽玛刀加体外照射 (SRS +R)及单纯放疗 (R)的临床效果。方法　 1995年 5月～ 2 0 0 0年 12月 ,38例脑转移瘤患者行SRS +R治疗 ,中心剂量 5 0～ 6 0Gy ,周边剂量 2 0～ 2 5Gy ,全脑外照射 30～ 4 0Gy/ 3～ 4周。 4 6例R治疗 ,全脑照射同前 ,缩野追加至 4 0～ 6 0Gy。 结果　中位生存期、1年生存率、肿瘤局部控制率 ,SRS +R组分别为 10月、6 0 .5 %及 92 .1% ;R组分别为 5 .3月、17.4 %及 2 1.7% (P <0 .0 1)。结论　SRS +R治疗脑转移瘤在延长患者生存期及肿瘤局部控制率明显优于R组。     

放射治疗肺癌脑转移的预后因素分析

[目的]探讨不同放射治疗方法对肺癌脑转移的疗效及影响肺癌脑转移的预后因素.[方法]46例肺癌脑转移患者采用放射治疗,共分2组,全脑放疗(WBRT)和全脑放疗加立体定向放射治疗(WBRT CRT).CRT治疗单次靶区平均周边剂量3Gy～8Gy,总剂量16Gy～32Gy,WBRT(2～3)Gy/次,总剂量(30～40)Gy/(3～4)w.同时对卡氏评分、合并治疗、颅外有无转移等进行多因素分析.[结果]2组病例局部控制率分别为42.3%、85%.中位生存期分别为5、12.5个月.经多因素分析显示生存率与卡氏评分、合并治疗、颅外有无转移呈正相关.[结论]对于肺癌脑转移,全脑放疗组加立体定向放射治疗(WBRT CRT)在肿瘤局部控制率及提高生存率方面均优于全脑放疗(WBRT).对卡氏评分高、合并其它治疗且不存在颅外转移的患者,应采取积极的治疗.     

全脑放疗联合立体定向分割放疗治疗脑转移瘤30例

[目的]探讨全脑放疗加立体定向分割放疗治疗脑转移瘤患者的疗效。[方法]30例1～4个脑转移瘤患者接受全脑放疗30~36Gy/（15~30f·3~3.5w）后加立体定向分割放疗25Gy/（5f·1周）（WBRT＋SRT组）。30例1～4个脑转移瘤患者接受单纯全脑放疗30Gy/（10f·2周）（WBRT组）。分析两组患者的1年局控率和1年生存率。[结果]WBRT＋SRT组和WBRT组1年局控率分别为76.3%、23.5%（P〈0.01）,1年生存率分别为46.7%、13.3%（P〈0.05）。两组均未出现严重毒副反应。[结论]全脑放疗加立体定向分割放疗（WBRT＋SRT）治疗脑转移瘤患者安全有效,可提高1～4个脑转移瘤病灶患者的1年局控率和1年生存率。     

单发或多发脑转移瘤的放疗疗效研究

目的 探求单发与多发脑转移瘤的合理放疗方案.方法 回顾性分析2005年7月至2008年7月收治的50例单发或多发脑转移瘤患者的资料.所有患者原发灶均得到控制,30例(联合组)采用全脑放疗+立体定向放射外科治疗,20例(单一组)采用单纯立体定向放射外科治疗.立体定向放射外科治疗处方剂量均采用45％～ 75％等剂量线包绕计划靶区,边缘剂量15～20 Gy,中心剂量30 ～45 Gy,一次完成;全脑放疗每次分割剂量为2 Gy,1次/d,5次/周,总剂量40 Gy/4周.结果 联合组有效率为90.0％ (27/30),单一组为60.0％ (12/20),联合组的有效率明显高于单一组(x2=6.294,P=0.012);联合组和单一组的1年生存率分别为50.0％ (15/30)和35.0％ (7/20),2年生存率分别为30.0％(9/30)和15.0％(3/20),两组1、2年生存率差异均无统计学意义(x2=1.096,P=0.295;x2=1.480,P=0.224),两组均无生存3年以上的患者;分层分析显示,在单发病灶患者中,两组1年生存率差异无统计学意义(100.0％∶66.7％,x2=1.556,P=0.212),在多发病灶患者中,联合组的1年生存率明显优于单一组(42.3％∶29.4％,x2 =11.023,P=0.001),在单发和多发病灶患者中,两组2年生存率差异均无统计学意义(75.0％∶66.7％,x2=1.200,P=0.273;23.1％∶5.9％,x2=3.782,P=0.052).结论 全脑放疗和立体定向放射外科是治疗单发或多发脑转移瘤的重要手段,对于单发脑转移瘤可单独行立体定向放射外科治疗,多发脑转移瘤则应行全脑放疗联合立体定向放射外科治疗.     

全脑放疗联合尼莫司汀同步化疗治疗实体肿瘤脑转移的临床观察

目的:观察全脑放疗联合尼莫司汀同步化疗治疗实体肿瘤伴多发脑转移的疗效及不良反应。方法:对39例实体肿瘤脑转移患者分别采用全脑放疗联合尼莫司汀同步化疗和单纯全脑放疗方案治疗。同步放化疗组:全脑照射(WBRT)为DT2Gy/次,5次/周,总剂量40Gy。放疗开始的第1天同时给予尼莫司汀(ACNU),2mg/kg,d1,每4-6周重复,共使用2-4个疗程。单纯放疗组:全脑照射(WBRT)为DT 2Gy/次,5次/周,总剂量40Gy。放疗结束后3个月评价疗效。结果:同步放化疗组总有效率65.0%(13/20)高于单纯放疗组(42.1%,8/19);神经系统症状改善情况,同步放化疗组优于单纯放疗组;不良反应以放疗脑充血水肿及尼莫司汀引起的骨髓抑制和胃肠道反应为主。结论:全脑放疗联合尼莫司汀同步化疗治疗实体肿瘤脑转移的近期疗效、神经系统症状改善情况优于单纯放疗,不良反应可耐受,可作为实体肿瘤脑转移患者的解救方案。     

放化综合治疗在脑转移癌治疗中的临床应用研究

目的:观察放化综合治疗脑转移癌的近期疗效与安全性。方法:62例脑转移癌患者随机分为放化疗组与单纯放疗组。其中化疗联合组31例,非小细胞肺癌脑转移患者入组替莫唑胺联合放疗组、乳腺癌脑转移患者入组卡培他滨联合放疗组;31例为单纯放疗组。替莫唑胺联合放疗组给予替莫唑胺[75mg/(m2·d)]至放疗结束,卡培他滨组给予[625mg/(m2·d),2次/d,连用4周]。两组均联合2周三维适形头部放疗,总剂量42Gy(3Gy,5f/w),其中全脑30Gy/10f,病灶区补量12Gy/4f;单纯放疗组仅予42Gy三维适形头部放疗,其中全脑30 Gy,病灶区补量12 Gy。联合放化疗组放疗结束后继续给予2个周期替莫唑胺[每周期150mg/(m2·d)],连续服用5d,28d为1个周期;卡培他滨组给予[每周期825mg/(m2·d),2f/d,d1-14],连续服用14d,28d为1个周期。结果:联合放疗组与单纯放疗组的客观有效率分别为80.63%、64.5%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);骨髓抑制发生率分别为70.96%、54.84%,胃肠道毒副反应发生率分别为61.29%、41.94%,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:替莫唑胺联合放疗以及卡培他滨联合放疗治疗非小细胞肺癌及乳腺癌脑转移安全、有效,但是近期疗效对比单纯放疗差异不显著。     

Brain metastases

Opinion statement Metastatic tumors to the brain are an increasing cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with systemic cancers. Many new therapies used to treat systemic cancers do not penetrate the central nervous system (CNS) and do not protect patients from the development of brain metastases. Surgery, radiosurgery, and radiation therapy are all used to treat brain metastases. It is in our opinion a mistake to use only one or two of these modalities to the exclusion of other(s). The role of systemic chemotherapy is still limited, due to both the issues of drug delivery caused by the blood brain barrier and to the relative resistance of many of these tumors to chemotherapy. Traditionally, brain metastases have been grouped together regardless of the origin of the tumor and have been treated with a single algorithm. As we encounter more patients for whom treatment of the brain metastases is an important determinant of survival, we must tailor our treatment strategies to individual tumor types. Also, we must recognize differences in each tumor’s sensitivity to chemotherapy and radiotherapy and differences in their biology.     

Brain metastases

The topic of brain metastases has recently become a popular subject for review. The reasons for this most likely include technical advances in therapy, notably radiosurgery, as well as recently-published reports of phase III studies, which have addressed certain aspects of management, notably the combination of surgery and radiotherapy in the treatment of patients with a single metastasis. The main purpose of treatment is to reverse the patient's neurological deficits and prolong life. Nevertheless, opinions remain divided on whether meaningful clinical progress has been achieved overall. A clinician working in a tertiary referral center offering radiosurgery for a selected group of favorable patients may believe that the therapeutic nihilism of the past is no longer warranted, whereas another, whose experience is based on the management of patients dying from metastatic lung cancer, may still question the value of active treatment. The purpose of this review will be to try to reconcile these opinions by providing a critical analysis of the available evidence, identify current problems in management, and suggest future directions for clinical investigation.     

Brain tumors

Brain tumors generally arise as the culmination of a multistep process that involves a variety of genetic abnormalities. Theoretically, replacement of abnormal genes with normal genes is essential to brain tumor treatment. However, it is very difficult to replace all damaged genes. Currently, most clinical protocols for gene therapy in brain tumors include transfer of a gene which can induce tumor cells to die or which can enhance the environment to generate a systemic immune response against the tumor. The former strategy includes suicide gene therapies, tumor suppressor gene therapy and oncolytic virus therapy. The latter adopts immunogene therapy. In this report, we also focus on other gene therapies, such as therapies to control the cell cycle or apoptosis, and promote antiangiogenesis. Gene therapy is generally accepted to be rather safe in recent years. In fact, the current single-gene therapies for brain tumor are limited and probably restricted to a few tumors. Several agents with different mechanisms of action would be necessary to kill heterogenously mixed tumor cells. Further molecular techniques and basic studies may overcome the malignancy of cancers.     

Brain metastases

Opinion statement Brain metastases are an increasingly common complication in patients with systemic cancer. The optimal treatment for each patient depends on careful evaluation of several factors: the location, size, and number of brain metastases; the patient's age, general condition, and neurologic status; and the extent of systemic cancer to name a few. For patients with a single brain metastasis and limited systemic disease, the standard treatment is surgical resection followed by whole brain radiation therapy. In patients with a small, single metastasis, stereotactic radiosurgery is probably comparable to surgery. Patients with several metastases (up to three) and controlled systemic disease can be treated with whole-brain radiation and stereotactic radiosurgery. Patients with multiple metastases (more than three) are generally treated with whole-brain radiation alone. Radiosurgery is effective in treating patients with a limited number of recurrent brain metastases and stable systemic diseases. Surgery may have a role in patients with a large symptomatic recurrent lesion producing mass effect. Reirradiation and chemotherapy may have a limited role in patients with multiple recurrent metastases.     

脑瘤的组胺研究及其临床意义

报告36份脑瘤组织的组胺测定结果,其中包括低恶度及高恶度星形细胞瘤22份,不同亚型脑膜瘤14份;并以10份正常脑组织为对照.结果发现脑瘤组织的组胺含量显著增高,其增高水平与肿瘤的恶性程度明显相关;故认为脑瘤组织的组胺可以作为评估肿瘤恶性程度的生化标志物,而且也为今后进一步研究H_2受体阻断剂治疗脑瘤提供线索及实验依据.     

X刀加全脑常规放疗治疗脑转移瘤

1997年 3月～ 1999年 12月利用JX 10 0X刀系统加全脑放疗共治疗 40例脑转移瘤患者。 2 9例先行全脑常规放疗 35～ 40Gy ,而后行X刀治疗 ;11例X刀治疗后 ,再加全脑放疗。X刀治疗采用单次或分次照射 ,其中单次照射 2 8例 ,处方剂量 16～ 2 2Gy ,平均 19.2Gy ,分次照射 12例 ,分割 2～ 3次 ,处方剂量 6～ 12Gy 次 ,每周 1次 ,总剂量达 2 0～ 30Gy ,平均 2 5 4Gy。全组 40例均获 3～ 2 6个月的随访 ,中位 12个月。 40例患者生存期为 2～ 2 6个月 ,中位 11.5个月 ,其中 36例生存期超过 6个月 ,占 90 % ,2 7例超过 12个月 ,占 67.5 %。 2例超过 2 6个月 ,4例在治疗后 2～ 5个月内死亡 ;治疗后 6个月CT或MRI复查 ,32例病灶明显缩小或消失 ,占 80 %。 3例出现新的转移灶 ,占 7.5 %。 4例无明显变化占10 %。 4例死亡。在随访期间 ,有 2 6例死亡。死亡病例中 ,脑部肿瘤复发或出现新病灶者仅 5例 ,其余病例均因有其他脏器转移或原发肿瘤进展合并脏器衰竭而死亡。结果提示 ,X刀与常规放疗相结合治疗脑转移瘤优于单纯常规放疗。     

Primary Brain Lymphoma

The broad spectrum of C.T. findings in a group of 15 patients with primary brain lymphoma are reviewed. An attempt has been made to emphasize the more typical lesion characteristics, including location, definition, multiplicity and attenuation, both prior to and following contrast administration. Clinical presentation, changing C.T. appearances following radiotherapy and ultimate prognosis are briefly described. Differential diagnoses and their significance for management are discussed.     

放射性脑损伤

放射性脑损伤是放射治疗的严重并发症之一。综述了放射性脑损伤的研究进展 ,分析了放射性脑损伤产生的原因、临床表现、影像学表现及治疗进展。