抗CD3/抗CD20双特异双链抗体的生物学活性研究

目的研究抗CD3/抗CD20双特异双链抗体的生物学活性.方法采用亲和层析法纯化本室构建的抗CD3/抗CD20双特异双链抗体可溶性表达产物,并用SDS-PAGE,Westernblot和分子排阻层析鉴定纯化产物;采用FACS法和玫瑰花环试验测定纯化产物与靶细胞的结合活性;采用3H-TdR掺入实验和51Cr释放试验测定该双特异双链抗体的生物学性质.结果纯化的抗CD3/抗CD20双特异双链抗体具有与Jurkat(CD3+)和Daudi细胞(CD20+)的结合活性,且能同时与Jurkat和Daudi细胞结合形成玫瑰花环,并能竞争性封闭亲代鼠源性抗体HIT3a和HI47与Jurkat和Daudi细胞的结合位点;该双特异双链抗体具有促有丝分裂原作用和介导激活的T细胞杀伤Daudi细胞的活性.结论抗CD3/抗CD20双特异双链抗体具有与亲代鼠源性抗体HIT3a和HI47相同的性质,且能介导激活的T细胞杀伤表达CD20抗原的肿瘤细胞,是一个有望用于B细胞恶性肿瘤临床治疗的双特异性抗体.     

CD3／抗CD20双特异双链抗体生物学活性研究

目的 研究抗CD3/抗CD20双特异双链抗体的生物学活性。方法 采用亲和层析法纯化本室构建的抗CD3/抗CD20双特异双链抗体可溶性表达产物,并用SDS-PAGE,Western blot和分子排阻层析鉴定纯化产物;采用FACS法和玫瑰花环试验测定纯化产物与靶细胞的结合活性;采用^3H-TdR掺入实验和^51Cr释放试验测定该双特异双链抗体的生物学性质。结果 纯化的抗CD3/抗CD20双特异双链抗体具有与Jurkat(CD3^ )和Daudi细胞（CD20^ )的结合活性,且能同时与Jurkat和Daudi细胞结合形成玫瑰花环,并能竞争性封闭亲代鼠源性抗体HIT3a和HI47与Jurkat和Daudi细胞的结合位点;该双特异双链抗体具有促进丝分裂原作用和介导激活的T细胞杀伤Daudi细胞的自学成才性。结论 抗CD3/抗CD20双特异双链抗体具有与亲代鼠源性抗体HIT3a和H147相同的性质。且能介导激活的T细胞杀伤表达CD20抗原的肿瘤细胞,是一个有望用于B细胞恶性肿瘤临床治疗的双特异性抗体。     

免疫亲和层析法纯化抗Pgp/抗CD3双功能抗体

目的：制备可以纯化抗Pgp/抗CD3双功能抗体的免疫亲和层析柱。方法：纯化的抗抗CD3ScFv单克隆抗体与预活化的Sepharose4B偶联制成免疫亲和层析柱,采用自制的免疫亲和层析柱纯化由摇瓶发酵获得的抗Pgp/抗CD3双功能抗体,采用间接免疫荧光法测定抗CD3/抗Pgp微型双功能抗体能与Jurkat细胞及K562/A02细胞特异性结合活性。结果：成功地制备了可以纯化抗Pgp/抗CD3双功能抗体的免疫亲和层析柱,采用此柱纯化的抗体与Jurkat细胞及K562/A02细胞特异性结合的活性与带有E-tag纯化标志的抗体基本一致。结论：此介质可以替代价格高昂的E-tag亲和层析介质在纯化Pgp/抗CD3双特异双功能抗体中的应用,同时还可以避免由于E-tag纯化标志而带来的免疫原性问题,此项研究工作为抗Pgp/抗CD3双功能抗体将来在临床应用奠定了基础。     

4-1BBL胞膜外区蛋白增强抗CD3/抗PgP的抗肿瘤作用

目的研究4-1BBL胞膜外区蛋白对抗CD3/抗Pgp微型双功能抗体抗肿瘤作用的影响。方法表达纯化人4-1BBL胞膜外区融合蛋白及抗CD3/抗Pgp微型双功能抗体,体外CytoTox96检测联合应用人4-1BBL胞膜外区融合蛋白、抗CD3/抗Pgp微型双功能抗体及PBL对靶细胞K562/A02细胞的杀伤作用,体内建立裸鼠移植瘤模型检测4-1BBL胞膜外区蛋白作为一种免疫调节蛋白,增强抗CD3/抗Pgp基于PBL的抗肿瘤效果。结果4-1BBL胞膜外区融合蛋白在体外能够增强抗CD3/抗Pgp及PBL对靶细胞K562/A02的杀伤作用,在体内能够增强抗CD3/抗Pgp基于PBL的抗肿瘤作用。结论可溶型4-1BBL可能成为一种有前景的生物治疗佐剂,有助于PBL更高效地靶向杀伤肿瘤细胞。     

微型双功能抗体在裸鼠体内介导人T细胞杀伤白血病细胞

目的:研究抗CD3/抗CD19微型双功能抗体介导人T细胞对白血病细胞的特异性靶向杀伤活性。方法:利用Ficoll-Hypaque法分离外周血淋巴细胞(PBL),流式细胞术从中分选T淋巴细胞,FACS检测T细胞表面标记CD25和CD69激活后的表达变化,实时定量PCR检测各组穿孔素(Perforin)和颗粒酶A(Granzyme A)的释放,建立BALB/c裸鼠Raji细胞移植瘤模型,测定该双功能抗体介导的体内靶向杀伤活性。结果:激活的T细胞,双功能抗体组CD25和CD69的表达以及释放Perforin和Granzyme A的量均明显高于对照组,在对人白血病裸鼠移植瘤模型的生物治疗中,抗CD3/抗CD19微型双功能抗体能有效抑制白血病移植瘤的生长。结论:抗CD3/抗CD19微型双功能抗体在体外及动物肿瘤模型实验中能介导人T细胞有效杀伤白血病细胞,具有潜在的临床应用前景。     

抗人CD138单克隆抗体以及重组双特异性抗体的开发及应用

目的制备鼠源抗人CD138单克隆抗体,经Western blot验证后,利用其基因序列构建重组抗人CD138抗体以及一种能够同时靶向CD138分子和CD3分子的双特异性抗体并对其功能进行验证。方法通过杂交瘤技术获得鼠源抗人CD138抗体,分子克隆构建重组抗体,Protein A纯化,综合运用Western blot(WB)、Flow cytometry(FC)、ELISA等实验方法进行相关的功能验证。结果鼠源的CD138单克隆抗体特异性强,可用于后续重组抗体的制备,而且重组的抗人CD138单克隆抗体经流式验证,同样可以与表达CD138的肿瘤细胞系(RPMI-8226,U266)进行结合,且不与CD138-的肿瘤细胞系(Jurkat)结合,在此基础上构建的双特异性抗体经功能验证,可以激活T细胞,从而对CD138+的细胞系进行特异杀伤。结论基于鼠源单克隆抗体重组构建表达的双特异性抗体anti-CD138×CD3具有靶向杀伤骨髓瘤细胞的生物活性,为细胞免疫治疗骨髓瘤疾病提供了临床研究基础。     

微型双功能抗体抗CD3／抗CD20的构建和表达

目的：构建和表达抗CD3／抗CD20微型双功能抗体,并测定微型双功能抗体的生物学活性。方法：采用PCR和overlap PCR方法构建抗CD3／抗CD20微型双功能抗体,并用双脱氧终止法测定DNA序列;采用亲和层析法纯化该产物,并用Western blot和分了排阻层析鉴定纯化产物;采用FACS法和玫瑰花环试验鉴定纯化产物与靶细胞的结合活性。结果：DNA序列测定结果表明：抗CD3／抗CD20微型双功能抗体已构建成功,表达可溶性产物的产量达1mg/ml以上,纯化产物中二聚体的比例达90％,具有与Jurkat(CD3^ 0和Daudi细胞（CD20^ ）结合的活性,且能同时与Jurkat和Daudi细胞结合形成玫瑰花环。结论：利用Diabody形式,首次成功地构建了抗CD3／抗CD20微型双功能抗体,并获得较高表达,表达产物具有与相应2个靶抗原结合的活性。     

抗人精浆蛋白/抗CD3双特异性单链抗体的活性研究

目的:构建并表达抗人精浆蛋白/抗CD3的双特异性单链抗体(BsscFv),并检测其生物学活性。方法:利用重叠延伸拼接PCR,拼接抗人精浆蛋白scFv基因和抗CD3scFv基因,并在中间引入柔性短肽(GlySerGly)2,构建抗人精浆蛋白/抗CD3的BsscFv基因。测序正确后,将融合基因亚克隆入真核表达载体中,并在HeLa细胞中进行表达,采用流式细胞术(FCM)和51Cr释放试验,评价BsscFv的抗原结合活性和体外介导的特异性杀伤靶细胞的效应,以及利用裸鼠前列腺癌模型观察其在体内的抑瘤作用。结果:测序分析证实,Bss-cFv基因片段的大小为1.5kb,编码500个氨基酸,该序列与设计的完全一致。SDS-PAGE和Westernblot分析证明:表达产物存在于HeLa细胞的培养上清中,其相对分子质量(Mr)为61000。FCM结果显示:BsscFv可特异性的结合前列腺癌细胞LNCaP和CD3 淋巴瘤细胞Jurkat,结合率分别为54.1%和53.7%。体外实验表明,BsscFv可介导CTL对LNCaP细胞的杀伤。与对照组相比较,接种LNCaP的裸鼠在体内注射激活的CTL和BsscFv治疗后,肿瘤的生长明显受到抑制(P<0.05)。结论:抗人精浆蛋白/抗CD3的BsscFv具有一定的生物学活性,在体内、体外均可介导CTL杀伤靶细胞LNCaP。     

抗抗CD3 ScFv单克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

目的：制备抗抗CD3 ScFv单克隆抗体并研究其生物活性.方法：分离纯化后的抗CD3 ScFv蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠,采用传统杂交瘤技术制备抗抗CD3 ScFv单克隆抗体;采用ELISA和Western blot鉴定其亚类和抗原结合特异性;采用FACS测定抗抗CD3 ScFv单克隆抗体对Jurkat细胞特异活性.结果：成功筛选出一株能稳定分泌抗抗CD3 ScFv单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株（10B7）,其分泌的抗体亚类为IgG1.该抗抗CD3 ScFv单克隆抗体直标后可特异性结合抗CD3 ScFv蛋白和抗CD3抗体.结论：文中所研制的抗抗CD3 ScFv单克隆抗体具有与抗CD3抗体、抗CD3 ScFv蛋白特异结合的活性,在肿瘤导向治疗中抗CD3/抗肿瘤双特异抗体的亲和层析纯化、药代动力学监测等方面具有广泛的应用前景.     

抗VEGFR2/抗CD3双特异单链抗体的表达及初步活性检测

目的:构建和表达抗血管内皮细胞生长因子受体2(VEGFR2)/抗CD3双特异单链抗体(bscVEGFR2×CD3),及亲和活性测定。方法:设计抗VEGFR2/抗CD3双特异单链抗体基因序列,由公司合成并亚克隆入真核表达载体pcDNA3.1(+)中,脂质体法转染中国仓鼠卵巢细胞(CHO),筛选高效分泌表达bscVEGFR2×CD3的克隆株。表达产物经Ni-NTA柱纯化,120 g/L SDS-PAGE电泳及Western blot鉴定。应用流式细胞术(FCM)检测生物学活性。结果:bscVEGFR2×CD3重组表达载体测序证实序列正确。bscVEGFR2×CD3能够在CHO细胞中进行分泌表达,筛选出6株高表达克隆株。120 g/L SDS-PAGE显示相对分子质量(Mr)约56 000有1条带,与预期相符,Western blot证明anti-His抗体能与这条蛋白条带发生特异性结合。FCM检测bscVEGFR2×CD3能与CD3+jurkat细胞和VEGFR2+A375细胞特异性结合。结论:成功构建和表达抗VEGFR2/抗CD3双特异单链抗体,该抗体具有与VEGFR2、CD3特异性结合的免疫学活性。     

4-1BBL胞膜外区蛋白对人外周血淋巴细胞体外活性的调节作用

目的:研究4-1BBL胞膜外区融合蛋白(ex4-1BBL)对人外周血淋巴细胞(PBL)体外活性的调节作用.方法:表达纯化人4.1BBL胞膜外区融合蛋白,台盼蓝计数观察其对淋巴细胞增殖的作用;CytoTox 96非放射性细胞毒试剂盒检测培养液的乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)水平,ELISA检测白介素-2(IL-2)水平.CytoTox 96检测其联合应用anti-CD3/anti-PgP微型双功能抗体及PBL对靶细胞K562/A02细胞的杀伤作用.结果:4-1BBL胞膜外区融合蛋白能够促进淋巴细胞增殖,减少细胞死亡,促进IL-2分泌;联合应用ex4-1BBL的淋巴细胞组的杀伤效率优于对照组.结论:ex4-1BBL可能成为增强淋巴细胞活性的重要免疫佐剂.     

抗Pgp基因工程抗体ScFv的构建、表达及其活性测定

目的：构建表达抗PgpScFv，进行体外活性的测定。方法：利用RT-PCR方法，克隆抗Pgp杂交瘤细胞PHMAO2的重链可变区基因(VH)，轻链可变区基因(VL)，拼接为单链抗体(ScFv)，再克隆到具有强启动子的PET28a( )载体上进行表达，并进行了表达产物体外活性的测定。结果：构建了表达质粒PET28a( )．ScFvPGP，表达产物可与表达Pgp抗原的K562／A02细胞特异性结合，并不抑制Pgp外排泵的功能。结论：构建表达的抗PgpScFv只有针对Pgp抗原的识别功能，并无抑制作用，因此应用于人体后不会干扰正常细胞的排泄分泌功能，无论是作为靶向诊断治疗的载体还是作为双功能抗体的一臂，均具有广泛的应用前景。     

Lymphokine-activated killer-cell-mediated killing of WiDr colon carcinoma cells is inhibited by K562 erythroleukemia cells.

Lymphokine activated killer (LAK) activity was induced in human peripheral mononuclear blood cells by human recombinant interleukin-2. Monocytes were required for optimal rapid proliferation of cells with LAK activity. They had no influence on the expression of tumoricidal activity by the LAK cells. The effector cells killed K562 erythroleukemia cells and WiDr colon cells differently, i.e. contact areas with WiDr cells were limited, whereas the contact areas between effector cells and K562 cells were much longer. Using mixtures of hot and cold target cells it was shown that effector cells preferably bind with K562 cells, impeding the binding of WiDr cells. Differences in expression of cytotoxicity of LAK cells against WiDr and K562 cells respectively was also observed after culturing the LAK cells for a relatively longer period. Cytotoxicity against WiDr was maximal at 3-16 days after starting LAK cell generation, whereas cytotoxicity against K562 was kept constantly high for at least 21 days. The addition of biological response modifiers [PHA and anti-CD3 antibody (OKT3)] during the LAK cell induction also had different effects on the expression of LAK activity against WiDr and K562 cells. Whereas PHA, in combination with rIL-2 had no significant influence on the cytotoxicity against WiDr cells, the cytotoxicity against K562 was significantly inhibited. Addition of anti-CD3 antibody diminished the cytotoxicity against WiDr target cells and had no influence on the cytotoxicity against K562 cells.     

Effects of monoclonal antibodies to the alpha and beta chains of the human lymphocyte function-associated (H-LFA-1) antigen on T lymphocyte functions

The ability of two antibodies, one specific for the alpha chain, p180, and the other for the beta chain, p95, of the human lymphocyte function-associated (LFA-1) antigens, to inhibit T cell function was measured. Both antibodies inhibited T cell-mediated lysis of virus-infected target cells and of K562 cells. Only the anti-beta chain antibody inhibited natural killer cell lysis of K562. The antibodies inhibited cytotoxic T lymphocyte cell (CTL) lysis of HLA-mismatched target cells in the presence of concanavalin A at 6.25-12.5 micrograms/ml, but at higher doses of Con A no inhibition was seen. When the lytic process was divided into calcium-independent (adherence) and -dependent (lysis) steps the antibodies were found to block at the initial step of conjugate formation. The effects of these antibodies on T cell proliferative responses showed that responses to antigens, alloantigens, mitogens and anti-CD3 (UCHT1) antibody were greatly inhibited. All of these responses are adherent cell dependent and proliferation of adherent cell-depleted mononuclear cells to Sepharose-coupled UCHT1 was not inhibited by anti-LFA-1 antibodies. Proliferation to paired anti-CD2 (T11) antibodies was also only weakly inhibited. Release of interferon-gamma by CTL on contact with target cells was also inhibited by anti-LFA antibody. These results are evidence that the LFA antigen is necessary for a nonspecific interaction with antigen-presenting cells that is essential for activation of T cells through the CD3-T cell receptor complex.     

Tumour cell killing using chemically engineered antibody constructs specific for tumour cells and the complement inhibitor CD59

Immunotherapy using MoAbs is inefficient due to limited activation of human effectors by mouse antibodies and multiple protective mechanisms available to host cells against autologous complement. We have used chemically engineered antibody constructs and human complement in vitro to specifically target and kill neoplastic B lymphoid cells (Raji). Fab′γFcγ² chimaeric antibody (specific for human CD37) was used to activate the classical pathway of human complement on Raji cells, whilst CD59 was neutralized using one of two different bispecific F(ab′γ)² antibody constructs which contained both cell-targeting (anti-CD19 or anti-CD38) and CD59-neutralizing moieties. When either bispecific construct was used to neutralize CD59, 15–25% of cells were lysed. If CD55 was also neutralized using specific antibody, Raji cells were efficiently killed (70% lysis). When added to a mixture of target (Raji) and bystander (K562) cells, one bispecific antibody (anti-CD38 × anti-CD59) could be specifically delivered to Raji, avoiding significant uptake on CD59-expressing bystander cells (K562). The second bispecific antibody (anti-CD19 × anti-CD59) bound equally well to either cell type. Cell-specific targeting was dependent upon combination of a low-affinity anti-CD59 Fab′γ with a high-affinity anti-tumour cell Fab′γ. When Raji and K562 cells were mixed and incubated with a combination of the engineered constructs and anti-CD55 antibodies, Raji cell lysis (30–40%) was observed in the absence of K562 killing. We propose that combinations of these constructs may be of use for treatments such as ex vivo purging of autologous bone marrow or in vivo targeting of tumour cells.     

Biological response modifier enhances the activity of natural killer cell against human cytomegalovirus-infected cells

Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from two human cytomegalovirus (CMV)-seronegative donors and eight CMV-seropositive donors were cultured for 3 days with or without the biological response modifier OK-432 and examined for lysis of K562 cells and CMV-infected MRC-5 cells. OK-432-stimulated PBL exhibited significantly greater natural killer (NK) activity than did unstimulated PBL. There was no difference in activity of NK cells in PBL prepared from CMV-seronegative and -seropositive donors. Antibody-complement depletion studies suggested that OK-432-stimulated NK activity was associated with Leu-7-positive cells. The ability of OK-432 to sustain the NK activity in PBL was decreased when the CD4-positive population of lymphocytes was eliminated by antibody-complement depletion prior to OK-432 stimulation. The ability of OK-432 to sustain the NK activity of PBL was also significantly decreased in the presence of monoclonal antibody against recombinant human interleukin-2. The results suggest that the activity of human NK cells against K562 and CMV-infected MRC-5 target cells can be sustained in vitro by OK-432-stimulated T-helper cells and that the effect of the T-helper cells is mediated, at least in part, by interleukin-2.     

GCS通过MEK/ERK通路调控白血病多药耐药细胞凋亡相关基因bcl-2的表达

目的:探讨葡萄糖神经酰胺合成酶(GCS)是否通过MEK/ERK信号通路调控凋亡相关基因bcl-2的表达,从而诱导人白血病K562/A02细胞多药耐药。方法:用小干扰RNA(siRNA)靶向干扰K562/A02细胞中GCS的表达,real-time PCR、Western blotting检测Bcl-2、磷酸化及总ERK水平;用MEK特异性化学抑制剂U0126抑制MEK/ERK信号通路的活化,real-time PCR与Western blotting技术分别检测Bcl-2 mRNA与蛋白水平;CCK-8试剂盒检测细胞存活情况。结果:与阴性对照组比较,GCS siRNA明显抑制K562/A02细胞GCS和Bcl-2的表达,并抑制MEK/ERK信号通路的活化;U0126使Bcl-2 mRNA及蛋白水平呈浓度依赖性下降,并使K562/A02细胞ADM敏感性增加。结论:GCS通过MEK/ERK信号通路调控K562/A02细胞株中凋亡相关基因bcl-2的表达,从而诱导白血病细胞多药耐药。