厚朴抑菌活性成分提取方法研究

目的:以药用植物病害五味子根腐病菌(Fusarium oxysporum)为靶标菌,对厚朴抑菌活性成分提取方法进行研究.方法:采用冷浸法、煎煮法、回流法、超声4种提取方法、11种提取剂对厚朴抑菌有效成分进行提取.结果:在厚朴提取液浓度为500 mg/mL时,抑菌效果最好的为75%乙醇的回流提取液,抑菌圈直径平均值达24.60 mm.蒸馏水20 kHz 10 min超声提取液抑菌效果仅次于直接回流提取液的抑菌效果.结论:供试溶剂不同或提取方法不同对提取液抑菌效果差异较为明显,因此选择合适的提取剂和提取方法是筛选药用植物源杀菌剂的首要步骤.     

南方异担子菌发酵产物抑菌活性的研究

目的研究南方异担子菌发酵液醇提物(HAEE)的抑菌活性。方法采用滤纸片法、打孔法以及二倍稀释法检测HAEE对大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌效果及最小抑菌浓度。结果 HAEE对供试的3种细菌均有明显抑制作用。在一定浓度范围下,3种细菌对HAEE均表现为极敏感,且抑菌效果高于阳性对照青霉素和硫酸链霉素。对供试的3种细菌,HAEE的最小抑菌浓度均为8.75 mg/ml。另外,HAEE的抑菌活性具有良好的热稳定性。结论 HAEE对大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌均有显著的体外抑菌效果,具有开发为体外抑菌中草药的潜力。     

6种药用蕨类植物提取液的抑菌试验

目的:从6种蕨类植物中提取水溶活性物质。方法:利用滤纸片法对3种供试细菌(金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌)进行抑菌试验。结果:6种蕨类植物提取液对实验菌有不同程度的抑制作用,不同浓度的样品具有不同程度的抑菌作用,其中大芒萁提取液浓度为1.77%和栗柄金粉蕨提取液浓度为1.85%时对枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌效果最强,抑菌圈直径均为16 mm。其他种蕨类植物提取液也均有抑菌效果。结论:6种蕨类植物均有抗菌物质存在,有望成为筛选抗菌新型药物的资源。     

Study on the Antimicrobial Activities of Forsythia Suspensa Extract

目的 研究连翘提取物的抑菌活性.方法 老翘、青翘、连翘叶和连翘花用不同极性溶剂提取,得到提取物.以金色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和白色念球菌为代表菌种,用K-B纸片扩散法对提取物的抑菌活性进行了初步研究.结果 老翘、青翘、连翘叶和连翘花不同提取物对供试菌均有一定的抑制活性,但抑菌活性与各组分浓度不呈简单的正比关系.结论 连翘提取物对金色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和白色念球菌均有抑制作用,且连翘叶、青翘提取物的抑菌活性优于老翘和连翘花的提取物.     

小桐子抑菌成分粗提工艺及其活性研究

目的 探索小桐子综合开发利用的价值.方法 在不同条件下对小桐子树叶中的抑菌成分进行粗提,以好食脉孢霉和粗糙脉孢霉为对象,检验提取物的最低抑菌浓度(MIC).结果 最佳提取工艺为:纯水作为提取液,料液比为1:15,30℃恒温搅拌提取10 h,此时提取物对供试菌的最低抑菌浓度为1.0g/L,粗提液经醇沉后,最低抑菌浓度下降为0.5 g/L.结论 小桐子提取物有较强的抑菌活性,在植物源抑菌剂的开发方面具有良好的应用前景.     

青翘提取物的抑菌活性研究

目的 研究青翘提取物的抑菌活性.方法 以金色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和白色念球菌为代表菌种,用K-B纸片扩散法对青翘提取物的抑菌活性进行研究.结果 青翘不同提取物对供试菌均有一定的抑菌活性,其中醋酸乙酯提取物和正丁醇提取物具有较强的抑菌活性.提取物对金色葡萄球菌的抑菌活性与提取物浓度呈正比,对大肠杆菌和白色念球菌的抑菌活性与提取物浓度不呈简单的正比关系.结论 青翘不同提取物对金色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和白色念球菌均有抑制作用.     

五味子提取液抑菌活性研究

目的:探究五味子提取液的抑菌活性。方法:采用水提醇沉法提取五味子活性成分,以大肠埃希菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、沙门菌、金黄色葡萄球菌4种标准菌株和环丙沙星耐药及敏感的大肠杆菌野株为供试菌,以环丙沙星为对照药物,采用牛津杯法测定供试菌分别培养16,32,48,64 h后五味子提取液的抑菌圈直径,监测五味子提取液的抑菌活性和抑菌活性的变化趋势,同时采用试管双倍稀释法测定五味子提取液对大肠杆菌耐药株的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(MBC)。结果:五味子提取液对各供试菌的抑菌圈直径在20.16~30.06 mm,五味子提取液对环丙沙星耐药大肠埃希菌的最低抑菌质量浓度在0.0156 3~0.062 5 g·mL-1,最低杀菌质量浓度在0.312 5~0.062 5 g·mL-1。五味子提取液对所有供试菌都有明显的抑制作用,与环丙沙星相比,五味子提取液对环丙沙星耐药菌的抑制作用表现出极大的优势。环丙沙星与五味子提取液对供试菌的抑菌活性都呈逐渐下降趋势。结论:五味子提取液不仅具有广谱抗菌活性,对环丙沙星耐药菌也具有显著的抑制活性,可开发为新型抗菌剂。     

泰山野生白苏叶挥发油成分GC-MS分析与抑菌活性研究

目的研究泰山野生白苏Perilla frutescens叶挥发油组成及抑菌活性。方法水蒸气蒸馏法提取白苏叶挥发油,采用GC-MS法对挥发油成分进行分析;以大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌和红色毛癣菌为供试菌种,平板打孔法初步测定挥发油抑菌活性,试管稀释法测定挥发油最低抑菌浓度和最低杀菌浓度。结果白苏叶挥发油已鉴定成分占总量的98.45%,其主要成分有2,6-二甲基-6-(4-甲基-3-戊烯基)-双环[3.1.1]庚-2-烯(18.23%)、紫苏酮(18.16%)、戊基苯酚(17.3%)、石竹烯(14.79%)、芳樟醇(7.69%);白苏叶挥发油对4种供试菌的最低抑菌浓度分别为2.500、2.500、0.625、0.100μL/mL,最低杀菌浓度分别为5.000、2.500、1.250、0.200μL/mL。结论白苏叶挥发油对细菌和真菌都有抑制和杀灭作用,尤其对红色毛癣菌有较强的杀灭作用。     

老翘提取物的抑菌活性研究

目的研究老翘提取物体外抑菌活性,为进一步从连翘中提取高效抑菌物质奠定基础。方法以大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌为代表菌种,采用K-B纸片扩散法对老翘提取物的体外抑菌活性进行研究。结果老翘的不同提取物对供试菌均有一定的抑菌活性,其中乙酸乙酯部位具有较强的抑菌活性,其次为正丁醇部位。结论老翘不同提取物对3种菌均有抑制作用。     

民间草药臭灵丹抑菌作用的实验研究

目的：研究臭灵丹茎、叶乙醇提取物抑菌作用.方法：乙醇超声提取臭灵丹叶、茎流浸膏,供试菌为金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、大肠埃希菌,滤纸扩散法研究臭灵丹相对抑菌活性,试管稀释法测量臭灵丹药物的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）.结果：臭灵丹茎、叶提醇液对金黄色葡萄球菌平均抑菌圈直径最大分别为8.92mm、12.71mm;茎、叶两部位醇最小抑菌浓度分别为茎1g/mL、叶0.125g/mL.结论：臭灵丹茎、叶醇提物对金黄色葡萄球菌抑菌作用较强,叶醇提物抑菌效果更佳.     

缬草挥发油对戊四氮致癫痫大鼠海马内γ-氨基丁酸和谷氨酸含量的影响

目的:研究缬草挥发油对戊四氮致癫痫大鼠海马内兴奋性与抑制性氨基酸含量的影响,探讨其抗癫痫的可能机制。方法:采用腹腔注射戊四氮建立大鼠癫痫模型,观察经缬草挥发油治疗后的癫痫大鼠与对照组大鼠海马内γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)和谷氨酸(Glu)含量的变化。结果:经缬草挥发油治疗后的癫痫大鼠与对照组大鼠海马内的γ-氨基丁酸含量明显升高,谷氨酸显著降低(P<0.05)。结论:缬草可调节癫痫大鼠脑内的兴奋性与抑制性氨基酸的平衡,从而起到抗癫痫的作用。     

黔产宽叶缬草根挥发油提取工艺优选及其化学成分GC-MS分析

目的:确定黔产宽叶缬草根挥发油的最佳提取工艺,分析其化学成分.方法:用水蒸气蒸馏法提取缬草根挥发油,以挥发油提取率为指标,考察蒸馏时间、液料比、浸泡时间及粉碎度等影响因素,采用单因素试验和正交试验法优选宽叶缬草根挥发油提取工艺.采用GC-MS分析挥发油中化学成分.结果:宽叶缬草根挥发油最佳提取工艺为粉碎度为10 ～ 20目,料液比1∶10,蒸馏时间5h,浸泡时间4h;此工艺条件下,挥发油提取率达5.74％.缬草油中共鉴定出25种化学成分,以萜烯类化合物为主,分别含有烯、醇、酮、酯、醚类化合物,其中乙酸冰片酯、香树烯和坎烯占主导地位,其相对质量分数分别为37.94％,18.52％,10.26％.结论:该优选工艺稳定可行,可为缬草根挥发油工业化提取提供实验依据.     

缬草挥发油的化学成分及药理活性研究进展

目的概述缬草挥发油的化学成分及药理活性。方法通过文献检索调查缬草挥发油。结果缬草挥发油含龙脑及其乙酸甲酯等成分,具有镇静催眠等作用。结论缬草挥发油是一类重要化学成分,具有多方面的生物活性。     

三种缬草属植物的缬草素类含量种间和种内比较

目的:测定不同产地、不同部位三种缬草属Valeriana植物中缬草素类成分的含量。方法:采用RE-HPLC法。结果:蜘蛛香、缬草和宽叶缬草中缬草素类含量差异显著,以蜘蛛香含量最高;不同产地蜘蛛香的缬草素类含量差异较大,以贵州龙里产的最高;不同产地缬草以陕西留坝产的缬草素类成分含量最高;该属植物根茎中缬草素类成分比地上部分含量高。结论:缬草素药用植物中缬草素类成分的种间和种内差异明显。     

黑水缬草挥发油对中枢神经系统药理作用的研究

目的：观察黑水缬草挥发油对中枢神经系统的作用。方法：考察黑水缬草挥发油对小鼠自主活动的影响、对阈下和催眠剂量戊巴比妥钠的睡眠协同作用、对大鼠睡眠时相的影响、对醋酸所致小鼠扭体反应的影响以及对硫代氨基脲诱发小鼠惊厥的影响。结果：黑水缬草挥发油对小鼠的自主活动具有显著的抑制作用，与戊巴比妥钠有较好的催眠协同作用，可提高小鼠的入睡率，延长小鼠睡眠时间，明显延长大鼠睡眠周期中的慢波睡眠Ⅱ期（SWS2）和快动眼睡眠期（REMS）两个时相，同时能明显减少小鼠扭体反应次数，对抗硫代氨基脲诱发的小鼠惊厥。结论：黑水缬草挥发油具有显著的镇静、镇痛和抗惊厥等中枢神经系统抑制作用，预示了良好的新药开发前景。     

Osmitopsis asteriscoides (Asteraceae)-the antimicrobial activity and essential oil composition of a Cape-Dutch remedy

The essential oil composition and antimicrobial activity of Osmitopsis asteriscoides, a medicinal plant used in traditional herbal preparations in South Africa has been investigated. Three different antimicrobial methods (disc diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration by micro-titer plate and time-kill studies) were comparatively evaluated against Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A preliminary screening was done using the disc diffusion method on nine bacterial and four fungal isolates. Minimum inhibitory concentrations showed some correlation with the disc diffusion method. However, time-kill studies appear to be a more superior method for determining antimicrobial activity of volatile compounds such as essential oils. Two moderately susceptible and one resistant organism were selected to further demonstrate the variability between the three methods. The antimicrobial activity of the essential oil, tested by means of time-kill methodology at concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 2% (v/v) indicate a strong fungicidal activity against Candida albicans and the oil was also found to be bacteriostatic against Staphylococcus aureus in a concentration-dependent manner. The essential oil rapidly reduced viable counts of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, but regrowth was noted after 240 min. The results have been generated in duplicate in separate microbiology laboratories using different time-kill methods and the results are congruent. The two major essential oil components camphor and 1,8-cineole were investigated indicating the positive antimicrobial efficacy of 1,8-cineole independently and in combination with camphor. In addition to (-)-camphor and 1,8-cineole, 40 compounds were identified by GC-MS in the hydro-distilled essential oil. The high concentration of cineole and camphor and their synergistic effect is presented as a possible explanation for the traditional use of Osmitopsis asteriscoides for treating microbe-related illnesses.     

宽叶缬草治疗冠心病的临床研究

作者用宽叶缬草挥发油（ＶＯＬ－Ｉ）治疗冠心病心绞痛８２例（其中心肌缺血５０例），心绞痛症状疗效、心肌缺血疗效总有效率分别达８７．８０％、８８．００％；对照组复方丹参注射液治疗心绞痛３４例（其中心肌缺血２４例），总有效率分别为４１．１８％、３７．５０％，两组比较差异有非常显著性（Ｐ＜０．００１，Ｐ＜０．０１）。本文研究还探讨了宽叶缬草的作用机理和临床应用特点，提示宽叶缬草是一种治疗冠心病的新型有效药     

Antimicrobial activity of clove and rosemary essential oils alone and in combination

In the present study, the antimicrobial activity of the essential oils from clove (Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. et Perry) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) was tested alone and in combination. The compositions of the oils were analysed by GC/MS. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) against three Gram-positive bacteria, three Gram-negative bacteria and two fungi were determined for the essential oils and their mixtures. Furthermore, time-kill dynamic processes of clove and rosemary essential oils against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans were tested. Both essential oils possessed significant antimicrobial effects against all microorganisms tested. The MICs of clove oil ranged from 0.062% to 0.500% (v/v), while the MICs of rosemary oil ranged from 0.125% to 1.000% (v/v). The antimicrobial activity of combinations of the two essential oils indicated their additive, synergistic or antagonistic effects against individual microorganism tests. The time-kill curves of clove and rosemary essential oils towards three strains showed clearly bactericidal and fungicidal processes of (1)/(2) x MIC, MIC, MBC and 2 x MIC.     

假益智果实挥发油成分分析及其抑菌活性

目的:对假益智果实挥发油进行化学成分研究,并进行抗菌活性测试,为进一步研究开发假益智提供实验依据。方法:使用水蒸气蒸馏法从假益智的果实中提取出挥发油,运用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术进行分析;使用微量稀释法测试挥发油的抗菌活性。结果:假益智果实挥发油提取率为0.17%,检测到42个化合物,鉴定出31个,占挥发油总成分的94.18%。挥发油对四联球菌具有很好的抑菌作用,最小抑制浓度为12.5 g·L-1,对白色葡萄球菌、蜡状芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠埃希菌细菌具有中等强度的抑制作用。结论:本文对假益智果实进行挥发油提取鉴定,其主要成分为萜类、长链烃类化合物。抗菌实验结果表明假益智果实挥发油对四联球菌具有较好的抗菌活性。     

Modulation of postsynaptic potentials in rat cortical neurons by valerian extracts macerated with different alcohols: involvement of adenosine A(1)- and GABA(A)-receptors

Valeriana officinalis (valerian) is used traditionally as a mild sedative. Research into valerian is sparse, and studies differ greatly with respect to design, measures and preparations used. This study compares the action of a methanol (M-E), ethanol (E-E) and an extract macerated with ethylacetate (EA-E) from roots of valerian (Valeriana officinalis L., Valerianaceae) on postsynaptic potentials (PSPs) in cortical neurons.Intracellular recordings were performed in rat brain slice preparations containing pyramidal cells of the cingulate cortex. PSPs were induced by electrical field stimulation.The M-E induced strong inhibition in the concentration range 0.1-15 mg/mL, whereas the E-E (1-10 mg/mL) did not influence significantly the PSPs. The maximum inhibition induced by the M-E was completely antagonized by 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine (DPCPX, 0.1 microm), an antagonist on the adenosine A(1) receptor. Contrary to the M-E, the EA-E (10 mg/mL) induced an increase of the PSPs, which was completely blocked by the GABA(A) receptor antagonist picrotoxin (100 microm).The data suggest that activation of adenosine A(1) and GABA(A) receptors is mediated by different components within the valerian extract. The two mechanisms may contribute independently to the sleep-inducing effect of valerian.