Case of minocycline-induced pneumonitis with bilateral pleural effusion]

A 51-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with fever, dry cough and dyspnea. He had taken minocycline for 11 days because of urinary tract infection. Chest X-ray on admission showed diffuse reticular shadows in bilateral lung fields with bilateral pleural effusion. Cessation of minocycline led to spontaneous improvement of symptoms and radiographic findings. The lymphocyte stimulation test for minocycline with peripheral blood and pleural effusion were negative. After provocation test with minocycline, he developed fever and dry cough and bilateral ground glass opacity appeared on his chest X-ray. He was diagnosed as minocycline-induced pneumonitis and recovered rapidly following corticosteroid therapy.     

Rhabdomyosarcoma in a child with massive pleural effusion: cytological diagnosis from pleural fluid.

We report on a case of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma in an 11-yr-old boy investigated for mild chest pain after trauma. Chest radiography showed a massive right pleural effusion. Cytological analysis of the pleural fluid demonstrated the presence of malignant small undifferentiated cells. The rhabdomyoblastic nature of the cells was confirmed by positive immunostains of HHf35 actin, desmin, and skeletal muscle myosin; histological examination of a core biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma. Computed tomography and gallium scan revealed the presence of an extensive anterior and lower chest wall mass involving the mediastinum, as well as retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy. Massive pleural effusion is a frequent presentation in malignant disease, but is rare in rhabdomyosarcoma. The immunochemical stain studies performed on cytological smears in this case proved to be very useful for making the definitive and accurate diagnosis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 1999;21:125-128.     

An autopsy case of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome with massive pulmonary edema and pleural effusion

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is the most serious complication of ovulation induction with exogenous gonadotropins, such as human menopausal gonadotropin and follicle-stimulating hormone. These hormones are considered to increase capillary permeability and cause third space fluid shift. We report an autopsy case of severe OHSS in a 28-year-old Japanese female. The patient developed bilateral chest pain and progressive dyspnea during the course of administration of human gonadotropins. Pleural effusion and hypouresis clinically disappeared 4 days after the onset of the symptoms, but the patient died suddenly of rapid respiratory insufficiency. Autopsy examination revealed massive pulmonary edema, intra-alveolar hemorrhage and pleural effusion without any evidence of pulmonary thromboembolism. Histopathological examination of the ovary demonstrated multiple well-developed follicle formations, consistent with OHSS. It is very important to recognize that massive pulmonary edema can occur in a patient with OHSS. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first autopsy report of a patient with severe OHSS.     

Diffuse pleural rhabdomyosarcoma with persistent pleural effusion

A unique case of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma arising at the left pleura of a 7-year-old Japanese girl is reported. The present case was characterized by persistent pleural effusion, and the malignant cells incidentally found in it were the first diagnostic clue. The tumor showed a rare growth pattern involving diffuse thickening of the parietal pleura. Biopsy of the thickened parietal pleura upon thoracotomy revealed embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma largely composed of immature mesenchymal cells. Immunohistochemical demonstration of creatinine phosphokinase-MM was most helpful among several types of immunostain for the histopathological diagnosis. Ultrastructurally, thin filaments with primitive Z bands could be seen in some tumor cells. Intensive clinical examination revealed only diffuse thickening of the parietal pleura, which was reduced by chemotherapy. This is the first documented case of rhabdomyosarcoma arising at the pleura. Previous reports of rhabdomyosarcoma arising at unusual sites are reviewed and the histogenesis of this tumor is briefly discussed.     

Case of hemophagocytic syndrome associated with active dermatomyositis]

We report a case of dermatomyositis (DM) with hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS). The patient is a 60 year old male admitted to our hospital with muscle weakness, high fever, weight loss and pancytopenia. On physical examination, proximal muscle weakness and skin rash on the back were noted. Laboratory data revealed elevated serum levels of muscle enzymes, lactate dehydrogenase and ferritin. Serum levels of M-CSF, TNF-alpha, soluble IL 2 receptor were remarkably increased. Bone marrow aspiration showed histiocytosis of 7 to 10% with prominent hemophagocytosis. Gastroendoscopic examination revealed II-a gastric cancer. He was treated with methylprednisolone (m-PSL) pulse theraphy (1 g/ day x 3 days) followed by 60 mg/day oral prednisolone. He quickly responded to the treatment and laboratory data returned to normal in 20 days despite the remaining gastric cancer which was removed successfully 3 months later. HPS is a rare complication of DM and only three cases have been documented so far in the literature. Augmented cytokine in his serum is considered to be closely related to HPS in this case.     

A case of idiopathic fibrosing mediastinitis presented with bilateral pleural effusion]

A case is reported of a 56-year-old male who presented with bilateral pleural effusion as an initial manifestation of idiopathic fibrosing mediastinitis. The patient showed shortness of breath with severe loss of vital capacity and weight loss. A mediastinal mass surrounding the thoracic aorta and bilateral pleuritis was identified by the chest CT scan. The mass extended, along the abdominal aorta, to the upper portion of retroperitoneum. Laboratory data showed elevated levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation ratio (ESR), and IgG. Biopsy of the mediastinal and the pleural mass showed adipose tissue and fibrosis with mild perivascular inflammatory infiltration. A diagnosis of idiopathic fibrosing mediastinitis was made, and 40 mg/day of prednisolone was administered. Although CRP and ESR was normalized, the mass size and vital capacity were almost unchanged.     

Acute myeloid leukemia with leukemic pleural effusion

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) may be associated with extramedullary tumor growth, which is commonly known as myeloid sarcoma. Although AML with leukemic pleural effusion is considered rare, the true incidence is not clear. We report three cases of AML involving pleural effusion in this study. The cases were encountered in a single institute within two years, suggesting that leukemic effusion is more common than previously reported. Leukemic cells showed evidence of monocytic differentiation in all cases. Two patients presented with advanced AML. Both had concurrent myeloid sarcoma. Both were ineligible for intensive treatment and died soon after diagnosis of myeloid sarcoma. The third patient had pleural effusion upon diagnosis of AML. Remission was achieved and the effusion disappeared after treatment. We conclude leukemic effusion may become more common in an era of improved care and prolonged survival for AML patients. The prognostic impact is unclear and patients should be given standard AML treatment whenever possible. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2013;41:909–913. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Rheumatoid arthritis with bloody and cholesterol pleural effusion

We describe a case of rheumatoid arthritis complicated by unilateral adhesive pleurisy and associated with bloody and cholesterol effusion in a 47-year-old man. Our case emphasizes that the diagnostician needs to consider rheumatoid disease in a differential diagnosis of bloody pleural effusion in patients with associated joint disease. Adequate histologic confirmation of the underlying pathology is required for definite diagnosis.     

Congenital non-chylous pleural effusion with Down''s syndrome.

The association of Down's syndrome with congenital non-chylous pleural effusion is described in a preterm infant.     

多发性肌炎/皮肌炎合并淋巴瘤的临床特点分析

目的 探讨多发性肌炎(PM)/皮肌炎(DM)合并淋巴瘤的临床特点。方法 回顾性分析2000至2015年北京协和医院收治的PM/DM合并淋巴瘤患者的资料,分析临床特点和预后,并以“多发性肌炎、皮肌炎、淋巴瘤”为关键词在Pub Med检索并文献复习。结果 PM/DM合并胸腺瘤住院患者共10例,女性6例,男性4例。PM/DM的平均确诊年龄44.5岁,淋巴瘤的平均确诊年龄44.9岁。PM/DM进展至胸腺瘤的平均病程为4.7月。10例患者中6例为皮肌炎,4例为多发性肌炎,3例有肺间质病变,2例有关节炎,抗Jo-1抗体均阴性。合并淋巴瘤时前3位表现:淋巴结肿大(9例)、发热(8例)和脾大(5例)。淋巴瘤的病理确诊前3位组织来源:淋巴结(4例)、皮肤活检(2例)和局部肿物(2例)。10例患者均为非霍奇金淋巴瘤,其中T细胞来源4例,B细胞来源2例,4例分型不清。临床分期为:IIIB期4例,IVB期6例。10例患者在确诊后均使用免疫抑制治疗,确诊淋巴瘤后随访,5例死亡,4例化疗,1例失访。结论 PM/DM可以合并淋巴瘤,病程较短,病死率高,值得引起临床医师重视。     

Nonchylous idiopathic pleural effusion in the newborn

Congenital isolated pleural effusion is a rare cause of respiratory distress in neonates. It is usually chylous. Herein, we report a rare case of nonchylous congenital idiopathic pleural effusion.     

Early diagnosis of filarial pleural effusion

This paper describes a case of pleural effusion due to filariasis. Microfilaria of Wucheraria bancrofti were detected in the pleural fluid on cytological examination. Treatment with diethylcarbamazine cleared the pleural effusion.