尿激酶和前列腺素E1联合溶解深静脉血栓的临床研究

目的：观察静脉内联用尿激酶（ＵＫ）和前列腺素Ｅ１（ＰＧＥ１）对下肢深静脉血栓（ＤＶＴ）患者的溶栓效果。方法：将８９例经静脉造影确诊为ＤＶＴ患者分为联合溶栓组［ＵＫ＋ＰＧＥ１ｎ＝５１，第１组（病程＜２周）：先静脉注射ＵＫ１０万ＩＵ，接着静脉滴注ＵＫ（３万ＩＵ／ｈ）及ＰＧＥ１（１００μｇ／ｄ）持续２～３天，之后持续静脉滴注肝素钠５～７天，再服用华法林（使凝血酶原时间为基础对照的１．５～２．０倍）３～６个月；第２组（病程＞２周）：静脉注射ＵＫ１０万ＩＵ后，静脉滴注ＵＫ２０万ＩＵ及ＰＧＥ１１００μｇ，每日１次，连用７～１０天，再服华法林３～６个月］和常规治疗组（肝素，ｎ＝３８，剂量同上）。以血管造影为标准判断溶栓效果。结果：联合溶栓组的疗效明显优于常规治疗组（Ｐ＜０．０１）；其疗效与病程长短关系密切，病程小于２个月者疗效显著（显效率７５％，总有效率９６．５％）；无严重并发症发生。结论：静脉内联用ＵＫ和ＰＧＥ１治疗ＤＶＴ是一种安全、有效的治疗方法。     

高功率聚焦超声联合肝素可的松治疗肝癌的实验研究

目的观察高功率聚焦超声（ＨＩＦＵ）联合肝素可的松治疗裸鼠皮下ＬＴＮＭ人肝癌疗效。方法ＨＩＦＵ照射采用频率为１．１ＭＨｚ，功率７５０Ｗ／ｃｍ２，连续超声波照射时间２０秒。ＨＩＦＵ照射后第１天起，肝素以３００Ｕ／ｍｌ饮水口服，可的松以初始剂量２５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ作皮下注射。４８只裸鼠肝癌模型随机分为四组：Ⅰ组（ｎ＝１２）为对照组；Ⅱ组（ｎ＝１２）为肝素可的松治疗组；Ⅲ组（ｎ＝１２）为ＨＩＦＵ照射组；Ⅳ组（ｎ＝１２）为ＨＩＦＵ＋肝素可的松治疗组。结果Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组均显著抑制肿瘤生长，治疗后第２８天，抑瘤率分别为８６％、９０％和９９％。Ⅳ组与Ⅱ、Ⅲ组比较，差异均有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０５）。Ⅳ组在治疗后３５天肿瘤均消退，组织学检查示仅存疤痕组织。结论ＨＩＦＵ能有效破坏肝癌组织，ＨＩＦＵ辅以血管生成抑制剂治疗肝癌是一种有效彻底的综合治疗模式。     

胸腺肽α1单用及联合干扰素—α1b治疗慢性乙型肝炎疗效观察

目的研究单用胸腺肽α１（Ｔα１）及联合应用干扰素（ＩＦＮ）对慢性乙型肝炎（ＣＨＢ）的治疗作用。方法３６例ＣＨＢ患者随机分为Ａ、Ｂ两组,Ａ组采用Ｔα１和ＩＦＮ联合治疗;Ｂ组单用Ｔα１,疗程均为６个月。结果治疗后６月时ＡＬＴ水平在Ａ、Ｂ两组分别下降至（７２．１±４．７７）Ｕ／Ｌ和（７３．７±３７．９）Ｕ／Ｌ,较治疗前（２２６．７±２１９．４）Ｕ／Ｌ和（１７０．１±１６５．６）Ｕ／Ｌ明显下降（Ｐ＝０．００２７和０．０００３）。ＨＢＶＤＮＡ水平在Ａ、Ｂ两组分别下降到（１３０±２８３）ｍＥｑ／ｍｌ和（３７３±８２５）ｍＥｑ／ｍｌ,较治疗前（８０７±１２２２）ｍＥｑ／ｍｌ和（８８３±１４３８）ｍＥｑ／ｍｌ明显下降（Ｐ＝０．００１９和０．０１９）。治疗后６月时,具有ＡＬＴ完全反应者,Ａ组和Ｂ组分别为８例（４４％）和９例（５０％）,具有ＨＢＶ清除反应者Ａ组为８例（４４．４％）,Ｂ组为７例（３８．８％）。结论采用Ｔα１或Ｔα１联合ＩＦＮα１ｂ治疗ＣＨＢ均能取得较好的效果     

雷公藤多甙对大鼠急性肝衰竭的保护作用

目的探讨雷公藤多甙（ＧＴＷ）对实验性肝衰竭的保护作用．方法雄性Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠２４只，随机分为对照组（ｎ＝８），急性肝衰竭（ＡＨＦ）组（ｎ＝８）和ＧＴＷ保护组（ｎ＝８）．ＧＴＷ组在实验前５ｄＧＴＷ２５ｍｇ／（ｋｇ·ｄ）经胃管灌胃，其余两组均以等量生理盐水溶液灌胃．从第６天开始，ＡＨＦ组和ＧＴＷ组均在空腹１２ｈ后ｉｐＤＧａｌＮ１６ｇ／ｋｇ，注射后４０ｈ，以３０ｇ／Ｌ戊巴比妥钠（４０ｍｇ／ｋｇ）ｉｐ麻醉，心脏抽血测定血清ＡＬＴ，ＴＢ和Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群．同时，在光镜和电镜下观察各组肝组织病理变化．结果ＡＨＦ组ＡＬＴ（ＩＵ／Ｌ）和ＴＢ（μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）分别为７８２８±５７６２和１２５６２７±６７０２７；ＯＸ８水平为１４０％±３％．ＧＴＷ组ＡＬＴ和ＴＢ分别为３５９±５４和４７±３５；ＯＸ８为４３％±４％．两组比较有显著统计学差异（Ｐ＜００５或００１）．同时，前者电镜下线粒体和内质网肿胀、破损，核内染色质凝聚，后者细胞器受损明显减轻．结论雷公藤多甙对实验性急性肝衰竭具有保护作用．     

L—精氨酸对低氧性肺动脉高压大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞凋亡？…

目的 探讨Ｌ－精氨酸（Ｌ－Ａｒｇ）对低氧性肺动脉高压大鼠不同节段肺动脉平滑肌细胞凋亡的影响。方法 将Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠（ｎ＝１９）随机分为对照组（ｎ＝７）、低氧组（ｎ＝６）及低氧＋Ｌ－Ａｒｇ组（ｎ＝６）。经右心导管法测定各组大鼠肺动脉压力和右室（ＲＶ）／左室＋室间隔（ＬＶ＋Ｓ）比值，以分光光度法间接测定血浆一氧化氮（ＮＯ）含量，通过ＴＵＮＥＬ法检测各组大鼠肺动脉压力和右室（ＲＶ）／左室＋室间隔（ＬＶ     

表皮生长因子受体和PCNA在食管癌及癌前病变组织中的表达意义

目的探讨ＥＧＦＲ及ＰＣＮＡ的表达在食管癌发生发展过程中的临床意义．方法采用免疫组化ＳＰ法对各级食管鳞癌（Ⅰ级ｎ＝１８，Ⅱ级ｎ＝３０，Ⅲ级ｎ＝２２）、各级不典型增生（轻度ｎ＝１４，中度ｎ＝１７，重度ｎ＝１３）及正常食管粘膜（ｎ＝２０）进行ＥＧＦＲ及ＰＣＮＡ检测．结果ＥＧＦＲ及ＰＣＮＡ阳性表达在各组食管病变中呈明显递增趋势，正常组、轻度及中度不典型增生组间ＥＧＦＲ及ＰＣＮＡ表达均有显著性差异，ＥＧＦＲ阳性表达分别为：０／２０，３／１４及１０／１７；ＰＣＮＡⅠ，Ⅱ，Ⅲ，Ⅳ级表达分别为：１９／２０，１／２０，０／２０，０／２０；７／１４，６／１４，１／１４，０／１４；２／１７，７／１７，７／１７，１／１７（Ｐ＜００５）．鳞癌Ⅰ，Ⅱ级组间ＰＣＮＡ表达有显著性差异，ＰＣＮＡⅠ，Ⅱ，Ⅲ，Ⅳ级表达分别为１／１８，７／１８，８／１８，２／１８；２／３０，５／３０，８／３０，１５／３０（Ｐ＜００５）；而中、重度不典型增生与Ⅰ级鳞癌组间均无显著性差异（Ｐ＞００５）．结论食管中重度不典型增生者，其基因表达及增殖特性已具有明显的潜在恶性趋势，与食管癌的发生有直接关系，临床应对这类病例积极治疗并密切随访，以防癌变     

一氧化氮对缺氧性肺动脉高压大鼠血浆降钙素基因相关肽？…

目的 探讨一氧化氮（ＮＯ）对缺氧性肺动态高压（ＨＰＨ）大鼠血浆降钙素基因相关肽（ＣＧＲＰ）含量的影响。方法 将Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠４０只分为四组：对照组（ｎ＝１０）,缺氧组（ｎ＝１０）,缺氧＋Ｌ－ＮＡＭＥ组（ｎ＝１０）,缺年头＋Ｌ－Ａｒｇ组（ｎ＝１０）。通过Ｐ５０压力传感器测量定四组大鼠肺动脉平均压（ＰＡＭＰ）,缺氧＋Ｌ－Ａｒｇ组的ＰＡＭＰ显著低于缺氧组（Ｐ〈０．０５）;缺氧组的右室（ＲＶ）干重／左室     

实验性肝硬变时表皮生长因子受体在肝细胞核表达的免疫组织化学研究

目的探讨表皮生长因子受体（ｅｐｉｄｅｒｍａｌｇｒｏｗｔｈｆａｃｔｏｒｒｅｃｅｐｔｏｒ，ＥＧＦＲ）在肝硬变过程中的表达和对肝再生的作用．方法采用复合因子复制肝硬变动物模型（ｎ＝３２），正常大鼠（ｎ＝８）作对照，用免疫组化研究肝硬变过程中肝细胞核ＥＧＦＲ表达的变化．结果实验组动物ＥＧＦＲ阳性肝细胞核数（／ｍｍ２）于肝硬变进程２，４，６和８ｗｋ末分别为２０８６±３９８，１６４８±３１１，１２４７±２５２，８５３±２６５．而对照组仅为０８±０４．结论大鼠实验性肝硬变模型存在着ＥＧＦＲ表达减少引起的肝再生能力下降     

去纤酶、764－3和肝素对血管成形术后平滑肌细胞增殖影响的实验研究

目的：探讨腔内血管成形术（ＴＡ）后再狭窄的预防。方法：将形成实验性粥样硬化狭窄的４６支兔髂动脉随机分为４组：去纤酶组（０．３ＩＵ·ｋｇ－１／ｄ，静脉注射×７日，ｎ＝１０），７６４－３组（２０ｍｇ·ｋｇ￣（－１）／ｄ，肌肉注射×３０日，ｎ＝１２），肝素组（７００ＩＵ·ｋｇ￣（－１）／ｄ，皮下注射×３０日，ｎ＝１２）和对照组（ｎ＝１２）。ＴＡ后３０天进行血管造影和病理形态学检查。结果：①去纤酶组髂动脉内膜厚度（０．１３±０．０３ｍｍ）显著小于７６４－３组（０．２６±０．１３ｍｍ）、肝素组（０．２９±０．１８ｍｍ）和对照组（０．３４±０．１３ｍｍ），Ｐ均＜０．０５。②ＴＡ后再狭窄率去纤酶组（０％）和７６４－３组（３３％）显著低于肝素组（６７％）和对照组（８３％），Ｐ均＜０．０５．③去纤酶组和７６４－３组内膜合成型平滑肌细胞较肝素组和对照组少。结论：去纤酶和７６４－３有抑制ＴＡ后血管平滑肌细胞增生，减轻内膜增厚，降低再狭窄发生率的作用。     

心肌缺血时血管内皮生长因子的基因表达

目的：研究缺血对心肌血管内皮生长因子（ＶＥＧＦ）基因表达的影响。方法：提取正常兔（ｎ＝２）、假手术兔（ｎ＝２）及冠状动脉左旋支结扎后不同缺血时间的兔（ｎ＝６）心肌总核糖核酸（ＲＮＡ），用Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ杂交检测ＶＥＧＦ信使核糖核酸（ＶＥＧＦｍＲＮＡ）的表达。结果：正常及缺血兔心肌中均有３．９ｋｂ的ＶＥＧＦｍＲＮＡ表达，但缺血心肌中表达明显高于正常心肌，心肌缺血３０分钟ＶＥＧＦｍＲＮＡ表达即已明显增高，并持续增高达４小时。结论：兔心肌中有ＶＥＧＦ基因的基础表达，缺血可致其表达增加。关键词血管内皮生长因子心肌缺血信使核糖核酸表达     

青少年高血压的研究进展

随着人们生活和行为方式的改变,高血压发病明显呈年轻化趋势。在青少年时期识别高血压病高危人群有助于早期进行有效干预和治疗,降低未来高血压的发生率及其严重性。现试从青少年高血压的诊断、发病因素、特点、治疗策略等方面的研究进展作一综述。     

Morbidity in cardiovascular diseases in immigrants in Sweden

INTRODUCTION: Although immigration to Sweden has increased in the last few decades, the incidence rates of cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease in immigrants are unknown. The aim of the present study is to estimate whether place of birth affects the incidence rates of cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was designed as a follow-up study on morbidity in cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease between 1 January 1997 and 31 December 1998, including three and a half million persons with age range 35-64 years, of whom 550 000 were born abroad, from the database MigMed consisting of the whole Swedish population. Incidence rates and relative risks were estimated by indirect standardization and a proportional hazard model. RESULTS: The age-adjusted risk of coronary heart disease was higher in most foreign-born groups than in Swedes. For example, in nine of 12 male groups, the relative risks varied between 1.1 and 2.2, and in seven of 12 female groups, the relative risks varied between 1.4 and 2.5. When also adjusting for level of education and employment status, the risks were still high, but on a lower level. CONCLUSIONS: Foreign-born people possess an over-risk of cardiovascular or coronary heart disease(CVD/CHD) compared with Swedish-born persons, also when level of education and employment status are taken into account.     

C·肉毒杀鼠素(冻干剂)应用研究

目的为研究C·肉毒杀鼠索对杀灭达乌尔黄鼠(简称黄鼠)的大面积应用情况和对家畜、家禽的毒害作用,进行了C·肉毒杀鼠素的应用研究.方法大面积投毒采用ES-2药饵撒播机[1],间隔约80m进行条投.羊、鸡采用直接灌胃.结果大面积应用的灭鼠率为83.72%.对羊、鸡最高剂量分别为500万MLD、150万MLD,均未出现中毒现象.结论 C·肉毒杀鼠素是较为理想的草原大面积杀灭黄鼠的理想、首选药物.     

高龄老年高血压的临床研究进展

随着社会老龄化进程的加快,80岁以上高龄老人的绝对数量以及占总人口的比例均在增加,如何提高高龄老年高血压的防治水平备受关注。现试从高龄老年高血压的临床特点、治疗策略等方面的临床研究进展作一综述。     

中国老年性耳聋的研究与干预进展

老年性耳聋已成为影响我国老年人生活质量的最主要的慢性病之一。助听器是目前帮助听力损失的老年人克服交流障碍的主要手段。在我国,数字助听器已逐渐取代模拟助听器并且体现出了更好的效果。但是老年听力损失患者中使用助听器的比例仍然很小。人工耳蜗植入也已被应用在老年患者中。我国针对老年人的听力康复服务还有较长的路要走。     

Sex Differences in Ethanol-induced Dopamine Release in Nucleus Accumbens and in Ethanol Consumption in Rats

In vivo microdialysis was used to examine changes in nucleus accumbens and striatal dopamine, dihydrophenylacetic acid (DO-PAC), and homovanillic acid (HVA) following acute administration of ethanol (0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 g/kg) in male and female Long-Evans rats. Following dialysis, rats were trained to bar-press for oral ethanol reinforcement. In nucleus accumbens, females showed significant increases in extracellular dopamine following 0.25 or 0.5 g/ kg ethanol, but did not show significant increases over baseline at the higher doses. Males showed slight increases in dopamine at the lower doses and decreased dopamine at 2.0 g/kg. In striatum, both sexes showed increased dopamine at the lower doses and decreased dopamine at 2.0 g/kg. There were slight increases in nucleus accumbens DOPAC and HVA at some doses in both sexes, but no changes in striatal metabolite levels. In addition to showing increased responsiveness to ethanol-induced mesolimbic dopamine stimulation, females consumed more ethanol than males during behavioral testing. The pattern of both greater ethanol-induced nucleus accumbens dopamine release and greater ethanol consumption in females supports the hypothesis that ethanol reward is mediated, at least in part, by the mesolimbic dopamine system.     

Epstein-Barr virus in malignancies in renal transplant recipients in Japan

A role for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in the development of malignancies including lymphomas, and carcinoma of the stomach, nasopharynx, thymus and salivary gland is suggested. It is indicated that EBV evokes polyclonal-B-cell-proliferative diseases in immunocompromised hosts, such as transplant patients, which results in monoclonal malignant lymphomas. The suppression of immune functions in these patients is thought to lead to incomplete elimination of the cells expressing EBV latent infection genes. To examine the etiological role of EBV in the development of malignancies following renal transplant in Japan, 42 malignancies in 1744 cases of renal transplant were studied for the presence and type of EBV. The polymerase chain reaction revealed that 5 malignancies were positive for EBV, all type A: 2 of 2 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), 2 of 8 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma of the common type, and 1 of 2 cases of gastric plasmacytoma. In situ hybridization revealed positive signals in the nucleus of tumor cells in 2 cases of NHL and 1 of plasmacytoma. Positive signals were found in the small lymphoid cells but not in the tumor cells in 2 cases of gastric carcinoma. On the basis of these findings, a role for EBV in the development of malignancies in renal transplant patients is unlikely except for lymphoid neoplasias.Abbreviations PCB polymerase chain reaction - EBV Epstein-Barr virus - NHL non-Hodgkin's lymphoma     

糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞钾通道的改变

目的研究糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞钾通道的改变及增加葡萄糖代谢对其的作用。方法取体重150～200g的雄性SpragueDawley大鼠,腹腔注射链脲菌素(STZ)建立糖尿病模型,采用酶解法获得单个心室肌细胞,应用膜片钳全细胞记录技术记录钾电流。结果糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞瞬间外向性钾流(Ito)密度较对照组显著降低[ 60mV时,分别为(15.90±1.19)pA/pF(n=25)和(28.55±0.97)pA/pF(n=12),P<0.001];分别用100nmol/L胰岛素及1.5mmol/L二氯乙酸在体外预处理心室肌细胞4～5h和3～4h使Ito密度恢复至对照组水平[ 60mV时,分别为(29.40±0.38)pA/pF(n=20)和(27.35±0.97)pA/pF(n=12)]。结论糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞钾通道功能发生改变,增加葡萄糖代谢可逆转这一改变,提示葡萄糖代谢与Ito功能间存在一定关系。