人工流产术即时放置吉妮宫内节育器1564例分析

目的探讨人工流产术即时放置吉妮宫内节育器(GyneFixIN/SIUD,INIUD)的效果。方法2002年3月至2003年3月四平市妇婴医院对停经5～10周,要求终止妊娠且同时需避孕的妇女1564例,在人工流产术即时放置INIUD,术后定期随访。结果1564例累计观察15个月,妊娠率0.13%,脱落率0.06%,续用率99.36%,因症取出率0.45%。结论人工流产术即时放置INIUD安全性高,避孕效果可靠,具有脱落率低,副反应少等优点,适于临床应用。     

人工流产术后即时放置4种宫内节育器的临床效果观察

目的探讨人工流产(人流)术后即时放置吉妮致美、活性γ型、TCu宫内节育器(IUD)和左炔诺孕酮宫内缓释系统(LNG-IUS)的安全性和有效性。方法收集2012年3月至2013年9月本院行人流术、并自愿于术后即时放置IUD的女性215例为研究对象,其中术后放置吉妮致美IUD 75例、活性γ型IUD65例、TCu IUD 30例、LNG-IUS 45例,分别于放置后1、3、6个月时随访,观察IUD使用情况、月经变化/阴道出血模式及副反应等,分析人流术后即时放置IUD的临床效果。结果放置后6个月内,4种IUD带器妊娠率、IUD相关脱落率、医疗原因取出率和续用率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);放置后3个月内,4种IUD的月经模式改变(包括出血时间、点滴出血时间及总出血时间)比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),其中吉妮致美和活性γ组出血时间短于TCu组和LNG-IUS组(P0.05);4种IUD月经量改变、经期延长(周期缩短)及疼痛率比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),其中LNG-IUS组痛经改善好于其他各组(P0.05)。结论4种IUD在人流术后即时放置安全、可行、有效;吉妮致美和活性γ组IUD月经时间短于TCu组,LNGIUS相对于其他3种IUD可以有效缓解痛经症状,有助于提高妇女对放置IUD的接受性和满意度。     

人工流产术后即刻放置依托孕烯植入剂避孕的可行性研究

目的:探讨人工流产术后是否可即刻放置依托孕烯植入剂进行避孕。方法:要求避孕的66例因非意愿妊娠行人工流产术后妇女即刻放置依托孕烯植入剂为研究组,另同期征集84例健康妇女于月经期放置该植入剂作为对照组,术后1、6、12个月随访,随访阴道出血情况,植入剂取出原因,并在放置12个月时进行满意度调查。结果:在放置12个月期间所有对象均未怀孕。研究组闭经/出血稀发发生率为53.0%,出血频发/出血延长发生率为15.1%,对照组闭经/出血稀发发生率为58.4%,出血频发/出血延长发生率为27.3%;满12个月时,研究组取出20例,续用率为69.7%,满意度为69.6%;对照组取出22例,续用率为73.8%,满意度为72.6%。结论:人工流产术后即刻放置依托孕烯植入剂与月经期放置效果相同,人工流产术后妇女即刻放置依托孕烯植入剂进行避孕也是一个较合适的放置时机。     

3889例左炔诺孕酮宫内缓释系统临床应用分析

目的:探讨左炔诺孕酮宫内缓释系统(LNG-IUS)的临床适应证、临床效果、相关副反应及处理对策,以提高续用率.方法:回顾分析近10年我院3889例放置LNG-IUS女性临床资料及随访情况.结果:放置LNG-IUS指征排序:避孕3090例、痛经(包括子宫内膜异位症和子宫腺肌病)610例、月经量过多(包括单纯性子宫内膜增生过长)172例;无一例带器受孕,避孕有效率100％;治疗月经量过多有效率93.60％,痛经缓解率97.70％;LNG-IUS放置后常见副反应排序:阴道点滴流血(17.23％)、闭经(11.34％)、阴道分泌物增多(2.75％)等.除去有生育要求取LNG-IUS者,因症取LNG-IUS发生率为10.70％,取LNG-IUS前3位原因分别是闭经(3.52％)、阴道点滴流血(1.65％)和面部色素沉着(1.29％).结论:LNG-IUS不仅可作为主要的避孕方式,而且可作为治疗月经量过多和子宫内膜异位症/子宫腺肌病引起的痛经的一线治疗方案;术前充分知情告知,术后规范随访,副反应及时对症处理,可降低LNG-IUS取器率.     

左炔诺孕酮宫内缓释系统治疗子宫腺肌病计划外取出和脱落情况及其相关因素分析

目的探讨左炔诺孕酮宫内缓释系统(LNG-IUS)治疗症状性子宫腺肌病[重度痛经和(或)经量过多]过程中计划外取出和脱落的情况。方法北京协和医院妇产科2006年12月至2014年12月对超声诊断为子宫腺肌病的重度痛经和(或)经量过多患者给予LNG-IUS治疗,在放置前后评估患者的痛经症状、疼痛评分、出血评分、生化指标、体格参数、月经模式以及不良反应,分析LNG-IUS计划外取出和脱落情况及其相关因素。结果符合入选标准的病例总计1100例。LNG-IUS放置60个月的累积取出率和脱落率分别为9%和16%,66%的取出和69%的脱落发生在放置12个月以内。LNG-IUS计划外取出的常见原因是月经模式改变或不良反应(75.0%)以及感觉治疗效果不佳(55.8%)。回归分析发现,腹腔镜术中放置LNG-IUS能够降低计划外取出(OR=0.63,95%CI 0.40~0.99,P=0.040),而放置前应用促性腺激素释放激素激动剂(Gn RH-a)和经量过多的症状是放置后脱落的相关因素(OR分别为0.50和1.71,95%CI分别为0.34~0.74和1.20~2.43,P值分别为0.001和0.003)。取出和脱落LNG-IUS与治疗结局、月经模式变化以及实际的不良反应均无显著相关。结论大部分LNG-IUS的取出和脱落情况发生在放置后12个月内。妇科腹腔镜术中放置LNG-IUS能够减少患者的计划外取出。经量过多的子宫腺肌病患者放置LNG-IUS后脱落率显著增加,放置前应用Gn RH-a可以降低脱落率。取出和脱落与治疗结局、月经模式变化以及不良反应等均无关。     

人工流产术中与月经期植入Implanon的临床效果比较

目的:观察新型单根型皮下埋置剂Implanon的避孕效果、出血模式改变及使用者的接受程度,比较人工流产术中同时上皮埋与月经期上皮埋的出血模式改变情况。方法:选取有避孕需求且同意植入Implanon的211例患者,按不同植入时期分为两组:月经期植入组(经期1～5天)、人工流产术中植入组。比较两组植入3、6及12月后的出血模式变化趋势及避孕效果。结果:211例患者均成功植入Implanon,观察12个月,34例(16.19%)取出Implanon。93例月经期植入、84例人工流产术中植入Implanon使用者的术前平均年龄、初潮年龄、经期、周期基线评估具有可比性(P>0.05)。两组总的出血模式改变率比较,差异无统计学意义(P=0.416)。Implanon避孕有效率100%。结论:Implanon持续使用12个月,闭经、月经频发、经期延长发生率趋于下降,取出率低,有效避孕率高。人工流产术中植入Implanon与月经期植入Implanon的总出血模式改变率无明显差异,这也为流产后女性增加了新的一种安全、高效、可逆、适用人群广的避孕措施。     

人工流产术后即刻放置宫内节育器的效果

目的 探讨早期妊娠人工流产术后即刻放置宫内节育器的效果。方法 选取2012年9月~2014年1月非洲喀麦隆吉德大区医院放置宫内节育器的育龄妇女80例,根据置环时间分为观察组和对照组,各40例,其中观察组为人工流产术后即刻放置宫内节育器,对照组为下次月经干净后3~7天放置宫内节育器,并于置环后1月、3月和6月月经干净后3~7天随访,观察两组患者的临床效果。结果 比较两组放置宫内节育器的脱落取出、带宫内节育器妊娠、子宫穿孔、不规则阴道出血、术后感染情况,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 人工流产术后即刻放置宫内节育器安全、有效,值得临床应用。     

剖宫产术后即时放置固定式宫内节育器120例的临床观察

产后避孕最主要的问题是节育器脱落和带器妊娠。近年，有学者认为产后立即放置(immediate postplacental insertion，IPPI)含铜宫内节育器(IUD))是较好的产后避孕方法。我们在固定式宫内节育器广泛用于人工流产术后即时放置的基础上，在剖宫产术后即时放置固定式宫内节育器，探讨固定式宫内节育器用于产后避孕的安全性及可行性。     

左炔诺孕酮宫内缓释系统治疗子宫腺肌病临床效果研究

目的:探讨左炔诺孕酮宫内缓释系统(LNG-IUS)治疗子宫腺肌病的临床疗效。方法:102例子宫腺肌病患者在月经周期第7天放置LNG-IUS,观察放置前,放置后1、3、6、12个月的月经情况,痛经程度及副反应。结果:①放置LNG-IUS后随访102例,其中8例取LNG-IUS终止治疗(5例因月经过少,3例因痤疮),12个月续用率为92.16%(94/102)。②放置后1、3、6、12个月,随时间延长,视觉模拟评分(VAS)和口述评分(VRS)痛经评分逐渐下降,与放置前比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。③放置LNG-IUS后出血模式主要表现为月经过少,放置后1个月,68.63%(70/102)患者月经过少;放置后3个月,78.43%(80/102)患者月经过少;放置后12个月,91.49%(86/94)患者月经过少。④主要副反应为不规则出血,放置后1个月不规则出血发生率18.63%(19/102),放置后3个月不规则出血发生率11.76%(12/102),6个月以后无不规则出血。随访12个月闭经发生率6.38%(6/94)。结论:LNG-IUS治疗子宫腺肌病近期疗效显著,不良反应少,临床应用价值高。     

人工流产术后即时放置第三代“爱母”牌宫内节育器(MYCuIUD)的临床效果观察

目的:观察第三代"爱母"牌宫内节育器(MYCu IUD)在人工流产术后即时放置的临床效果和安全性。方法:通过前瞻性随机对照研究,对932例研究对象于人工流产术后即时放置MYCu IUD(研究组)、T形含铜IUD(TCu380A)(对照组),每组各466例,放置后1个月、3个月、6个月、12个月定期随访。结果:930例完成了12个月的随访,失访2例;无子宫穿孔、带器妊娠发生;无其他医疗原因或个人原因取器者;置器12个月时研究组与对照组随访率均为99.8%;置器1年净累积续用率研究组(96.14%)高于对照组(88.41%)(P0.05);置器后1个月、3个月、6个月、12个月研究组与对照组累积脱落率相似,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);置器后1个月、3个月、6个月因症取出率研究组均显著低于对照组,每次随访差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);置器后1个月IUD嵌顿发生率研究组明显高于对照组(P0.05);置器后1个月、3个月、6个月与IUD使用相关的终止率研究组均明显低于对照组(P0.05);置器后1个月、3个月、6个月副反应发生率研究组均明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:人工流产术后即时放置MYCu IUD、TCu380A的避孕效果均良好,虽然MYCu IUD因症取出率、副反应发生率低于TCu380A,但其嵌顿发生率高于TCu380A。     

Non-hormonal and hormonal intrauterine contraception: survey of patients’ perceptions in four Latin American countries

Objectives: This study sought to understand women’s perceived barriers to the use of hormonal and non-hormonal intrauterine contraception in Latin America. Methods: We developed an online survey for women in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia and Mexico who were seeking contraception. The questions aimed at evaluating patient awareness of negative stories and statements, as well as perceived barriers to the copper intrauterine device (IUD) and the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS). Results: The survey was mailed to 2300 women. A total of 1953 responses were received from Argentina (n?=?465), Brazil (n?=?380), Colombia (n?=?613) and Mexico (n?=?495). More women reported having heard negative stories about the copper IUD than about the LNG-IUS. More women believed that the copper IUD, rather than the LNG-IUS, was suitable only for those who had already had children. More women believed that weight gain (14.3% vs. 38.2%; p?<?0.001), mood swings (14.1% vs. 38.7%; p?<?0.001) and infertility (16.3% vs. 19.9%; p?=?0.016) were possible side effects of the LNG-IUS. By contrast, more women believed that abortion (36% vs. 22.7%; p?<?0.001), pelvic infections (42.1% vs. 15.7%; p?<?0.001) and ectopic pregnancy (43.5% vs 23.5%; p?<?0.001) were side effects more associated with the copper IUD. More believed the copper IUD was associated with less pain during placement and removal compared with the LNG-IUS (42.8% vs. 31.2%; p?<?0.001). The perception of increased risk of contracting a sexual transmitted disease did not differ between the methods (IUD vs. LNG-IUS, 21.7% vs. 20.3%; p?=?0.388). Conclusions: Respondents to a web-based survey in four Latin American countries have misperceptions regarding the adverse effects and risks of intrauterine contraception, which may hamper the use of these safe and efficient contraceptive methods. Education about the true risks and benefits involved is fundamental to improving patient acceptance and compliance as well as reducing unplanned pregnancies and unsafe abortions.     

左炔诺孕酮宫内系统临床使用五年的安全性研究

目的观察左炔诺孕酮宫内系统(LNG-IUS)临床使用5年的抗生育效果、副反应及探讨其使用的安全性.方法对100例经产妇,随机放置LNG-IUS(LNG组)和宫内节育器TCu380A(TCu组)各50例,定期随访.对14例闭经者测定血清生殖激素水平及对9例闭经者进行子宫内膜病理学检查.结果 TCu组2例妊娠;LNG组无妊娠发生,因闭经停用24例.5年末续用率LNG组为24.0%,TCu组为74.0%(P<0.001).14例闭经者生殖激素水平与对照组相比,差别无显著性(P>0.05).LNG组子宫内膜病理检查为内膜萎缩、少数腺体分泌现象.结论 LNG-IUS导致的闭经是药物对子宫内膜的局限性抑制作用,是可逆的,对卵巢功能影响不大,卵巢仍能正常分泌激素.LNG-IUS是一种可长期使用、低妊娠率、安全的避孕系统.     

Pregnancy in a patient with a displaced levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system: a case report

We report the case of a 39-year-old woman who became pregnant despite a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS), which was inserted 40 months before the pregnancy was detected. When a Caesarean section was performed, the LNG-IUS was found within the omentum majus. It has been reported, that displaced LNG-IUS can cause amenorrhea and high plasma levels of LNG in affected women, probably due to the higher resorptive capacity of the peritoneum, recommending a removal of the displaced LNG-IUS. Our case report demonstrates that a dislocated LNG-IUS does not necessary has the ability to suppress ovulation and therefore pregnancy. Therefore, every gynaecologist should be aware of a pregnancy despite a dislocated LNG-IUS.     

Compliance and user satisfaction with the intra-uterine contraceptive device in Family Planning Service: the results of a survey in Fife, Scotland, August 2004.

OBJECTIVES: The study was designed to assess user satisfaction and duration of use of intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD) in Fife. METHODS: A questionnaire was given to 254 women attending a Fife Family Planning Clinic, in whom an IUD had been fitted over 3 years ago, with a 71% response rate. RESULTS: The majority of respondents were over age 30 years (81%) and parous (91%). The most frequently used IUD was the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS: 39%), with the rest of the coils being an assortment of copper-medicated coils. Side effects were common, occurring in 92% of users and compliance was low, with 23% using for less than 1 year. Comparisons between LNG-IUS and other IUD-users showed similar side-effects, although mood disorders were higher with LNG-IUS. CONCLUSIONS: Overall satisfaction rates with the family planning service were high. Methods to improve IUD uptake and compliance are needed, particularly in younger women and nulliparous women.     

Use of the Levonorgestrel Intrauterine System to Treat Heavy Menstrual Bleeding in Adolescents and Young Adults with Inherited Bleeding Disorders and Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome

Study ObjectiveTo report on the rate of amenorrhea among adolescents and young adults with a bleeding diathesis after insertion of the 52-mg levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG-IUS)DesignRetrospective chart reviewSettingTertiary care, multidisciplinary Gynecology-Hematology clinic or Adolescent Gynecology clinicParticipantsThe cohort included 35 females aged 12–25 years presenting from January 2010 to January 2020 with heavy menstrual bleeding, 23 with an inherited blood disorder, and 12 with Ehlers-Danlos syndromeInterventionsThe 52-mg LNG-IUSMain Outcome MeasuresPrimary outcome was bleeding profile after LNG-IUS insertion. Secondary outcomes included rates of amenorrhea, intrauterine device (IUD) expulsion, IUD discontinuation, and unplanned pregnancy.ResultsMean age at menarche was 11.6 years, with mean age at insertion of 16.9 (range 11–23). Most participants were white (n = 26, 74.3%). Von Willebrand disease was present in 16 patients (45.7%) and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome in 12 (34.3%). Most (91.4%) had tried at least 1 hormonal regimen prior to LNG-IUS. Most participants (81.8%) reported improvement in bleeding, with 60.6% reporting spotting or amenorrhea. LNG-IUS expulsion occurred in 3 participants (9.1%) within the first 21 days, despite hemostatic agents at time of insertion. Mean continuation was 5.08 years (95% CI, 4.24–5.92), with 79% likelihood that participants kept their IUD in place for at least 2.5 years, and some up to 6 years.ConclusionThe 52-mg LNG-IUS is an effective treatment option for adolescents and young adults with heavy menstrual bleeding and a bleeding diathesis, with high rates of amenorrhea. Rates of IUD expulsion appeared higher during the first 30 days, but long-term continuation remained high.     

The efficacy of immediate post-abortion intrauterine device insertion

Ovulation returns soon after abortion, with half of the women ovulating by 21 days after the procedure. Immediate post-abortion insertion provides immediate contraceptive protection. Clinicians have feared that rates of uterine perforation due to intrauterine devices (IUDs) and expulsion of IUDs may be higher in the post-abortal uterus due to its softness and enlargement. This study was carried out to assess the safety and efficacy of IUD insertion immediately after induced abortion compared with insertion during the first menstrual cycle after abortion. All women were counseled about a method of contraception, particularly copper T-380A, and divided into two groups: Group 1 included 226 women who preferred immediate IUD insertion, and Group 2 included 100 women who opted for interval-IUD insertion during the first menstrual cycle after abortion. All women were followed-up at two and eight weeks after insertion of the IUDs. Severe bleeding was observed 10.62% in Group 1 and 6% in Group 2. Expulsion rate was 7.08% and 8% in Groups 1 and 2, respectively, which was not statistically significant. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) was observed in one case in Group 1. However uterine perforation was not noted in either group. In conclusion, insertion of an IUD immediately after an induced abortion is safe and if a woman asks for a modern contraceptive method it could be offered.     

Contraceptive effectiveness of immediate compared with delayed insertion of intrauterine devices after abortion: a decision analysis

OBJECTIVE: To model rates of pregnancy and repeat abortion among women choosing intrauterine contraception after an abortion when the intrauterine device (IUD) is inserted immediately after the procedure or at a follow-up visit. METHODS: We created an evidence-based decision model of women desiring to avoid pregnancy for the 12 months after an abortion. Base case assumptions were pregnancy rates of 0.5% with an IUD and 20% without an IUD, 1-year IUD continuation rate of 80%, an additional 5% risk of IUD expulsion with immediate insertion, and a 35% risk of not returning for a follow-up visit for IUD insertion. Sensitivity analyses and Monte Carlo simulation were performed. RESULTS: Immediate IUD insertion after abortion prevented 52 pregnancies over the following year for every 1,000 women modeled by using base case assumptions. Sensitivity analyses show the model to be most dependent on the rate of expulsion in the immediate-insertion group and the proportion not returning in the delayed-insertion group. Monte Carlo analysis showed that immediate insertion resulted in fewer pregnancies than delayed insertion in 91% of scenarios, with an absolute mean difference of 28 pregnancies per 1,000 women in the initial year after abortion. If 20% of U.S. women undergoing abortion opted for immediate insertion, an estimated 20,000 repeat abortions would be prevented in the first year. CONCLUSION: Women who have an IUD inserted immediately after an abortion are expected to have fewer pregnancies and repeat abortions than women scheduled for insertion of an IUD at a follow-up visit.     

Comparative study of Lippes Loop and CuT inserted in immediate post-abortal period

300 cases were selected from Medical Termination of Pregnancy Clinic of Eden Hospital, Medical College, Calcutta, India in order to establish the safety and efficacy of immediate post-abortal insertion of 2 different types of IUDs - the Lippes loop and Cu T. The objective of the investigation was to compare 3 groups of cases in immediate post-abortal period, regarding ease of insertion, insertional bleeding, post-menstrual disturbance, continuation of device, and incidence of pregnancy. The cases were grouped as follows: 1) group A - 100 cases in which no IUD was inserted; 2) group B - 100 immediate post-abortal cases where a Lippes loop (27.5 mm size) was inserted; and 3) group C - 100 immediate post-abortal cases where CuT 200 was inserted. Subsequently, the number of cases having bleeding decreased in group A, where IUDs were not inserted. Between groups B and C duration of bleeding markedly decreased in group C. At 7 days and 1 month after discharge, bleeding varied from light to heavy where Lippes loops were inserted. Cu T has a noticeable improvement in this aspect, but there was some incidence of bleeding varying from light to moderate in comparison to Group A. The incidence of abdominal pain in follow-up cases in group B was more at both 7 days and 1 month following the insertion than in groups C and A. There was a definite increase in leucorrhea and pelvic pain in group B in comparison to groups C and A. In group B there was early onset of menstruation in comparison to groups A and C. There was hardly any difference between groups A and C regarding onset of menstruation. There was an increase in incidence of removal of the device in group B in comparison to group C. There was 1 incidence of expulsion and pregnancy in group C; the expulsion rate was 7% and the pregnancy rate was 1% in group B.     

Compliance and user satisfaction with the intra-uterine contraceptive device in Family Planning Service: The results of a survey in Fife,Scotland, August 2004

Objectives The study was designed to assess user satisfaction and duration of use of intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD) in Fife.

Methods A questionnaire was given to 254 women attending a Fife Family Planning Clinic, in whom an IUD had been fitted over 3 years ago, with a 71% response rate.

Results The majority of respondents were over age 30 years (81%) and parous (91%). The most frequently used IUD was the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS: 39%), with the rest of the coils being an assortment of copper-medicated coils. Side effects were common, occurring in 92% of users and compliance was low, with 23% using for less than 1 year. Comparisons between LNG-IUS and other IUD-users showed similar side-effects, although mood disorders were higher with LNG-IUS.

Conclusions Overall satisfaction rates with the family planning service were high. Methods to improve IUD uptake and compliance are needed, particularly in younger women and nulliparous women.