转导Caspase-1基因对人胃癌细胞药物敏感性的影响

许多研究表明.化学药物对敏感肿瘤细胞有促凋亡作用[1,2]胃癌的发生发展与肿瘤细胞凋亡受抑有关,而且胃癌细胞对化疗药物的敏感性差.Caspase-1基因是哺乳动物细胞促凋亡基因.转染该基因可使肿瘤细胞的增殖受抑,但对化疗药物的敏感性如何尚未见报道.为全面了解转导Caspase-1基因后肿瘤细胞对化疗药物的敏感性,本实验观察了4种化疗药物对转染Caspase-1基因的胃癌细胞的杀伤作用.     

乳腺癌中p73α和p53表达与化疗药物敏感性的关系

目的:研究乳腺癌细胞p73α、p53表达与化疗药物敏感性的关系.方法:选取病理诊断为乳腺癌(术前未行放疗、化疗)的手术切除标本12例,体外分离细胞作培养,应用四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)法分析表阿霉素(EPI)、丝裂霉素(MMC)、5-氟脲嘧啶(5-FU)、顺铂(DDP)4种化疗药物对乳腺癌细胞的相对抑制率,通过免疫细胞化学染色法分析乳腺癌细胞p73α、p53的表达.结果:0.1×PPC浓度时乳腺癌细胞对4种化疗药物的敏感率分别为MMC(42%)、EPI(33%)、5-Fu(17%)、DDP(17%);p73α( )的乳腺癌细胞对4种化疗药物敏感性均高于p73α(-)的乳腺癌细胞(P＜0.05),p73α阳性表达程度与乳腺癌细胞对EPI、MMC、5-Fu、DDP4种化疗药物的敏感性存在正相关关系(r=0.736,P＜0.05;r=0.744,P＜0.05;r=0.674,P＜0.05;r=0.721,P＜0.05).结论:p73α的表达与乳腺癌细胞对化疗药物敏感性有关.     

乳腺癌中IL-2、IL-4表达与化疗药物敏感性关系的研究

目的:研究乳腺癌细胞中IL-2、IL-4表达与化疗药物敏感性的关系.方法:选取病理诊断为乳腺癌(术前未行放疗、化疗)的手术切除标本20例,体外分离细胞作培养,应用四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)法分析表柔比星(EADM)、5-氟脲嘧啶(5-Fu)、盖诺(NVB)、顺铂(DDP)4种化疗药物对乳腺癌肿瘤细胞的相对抑制率,通过免疫组织化学染色法分析乳腺癌组织IL-2、IL-4的表达.结果:0.1×PPc浓度时乳腺癌细胞对4种化疗药物的敏感率分别为EADM 30%、5-Fu 20%、NVB 45%、DDP 25%;IL-2( )的乳腺癌细胞对4种化疗药物敏感性均高于IL-2(一)的乳腺癌细胞(P<0.05),IL-2阳性表达程度与乳腺癌细胞对化疗药物的敏感性存在正相关关系(P<0.05).IL-4( )的乳腺癌细胞对EADM、NVB敏感性均低于IL-4(一)的乳腺癌细胞(P<0.05),IL-4阳性表达程度与乳腺癌细胞对化EADM、NVB的敏感性存在负相关关系(P<0.05).结论:IL-2、IL-4的表达与乳腺癌细胞对化疗药物敏感性有关,IL-2、IL-4可作为乳腺癌临床化疗疗效预测的2个指标.对IL-2、IL-4表达的联合检测可以对乳腺癌化疗药物的选择起到指导作用.     

人乳腺癌中3种耐药基因产物的表达及其与预后的相关性

目的研究多药耐药基因产物Pα糖蛋白(P-gP)、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶π(GST-π)和DNA拓扑异构酶Ⅱα(TopⅡα)在乳腺癌组织中的表达及其与预后指标的关系。方法采用免疫组织化学技术,检测105例乳腺癌中P-gP、GST-π和TopⅡα耐药基因蛋白。结果(1)105例乳腺癌中P-gP、GST-π和TopⅡα的阳性表达率分别为77．1％、76．2％和36．2％;(2)P-gP及GST-π高表达和TopⅡα的低表达与肿瘤的浸润性和腋窝淋巴结转移相关;(3)P-gp、GST-π和TopⅡα与C-erbB-2的表达显著正相关;(4)GST-π与ER、PR的表达呈负相关。结论P-gp、GST-π和TopⅡα在乳腺癌的表达与其预后指标存在一定的联系,对乳腺癌患者在化疗前进行耐药基因检测,有助于判断预后及选择合理的化疗方案,从而提高疗效。     

BRCA1基因与乳腺癌及化疗敏感性的关系

乳腺癌是女性最常见的恶性肿瘤,随着我国人民生活水平的提高,其发生率呈持续上升趋势,且呈现出发病年轻化的趋势,严重威胁着女性的健康.目前,改良根治术是治疗乳腺癌的主要手段,综合放化疗、内分泌治疗以及靶向治疗使乳腺癌的治疗效果有所提高,但乳腺癌患者的总体复发率仍达40％.化疗是治疗复发转移性乳腺癌的主要手段之一.但由于缺乏化疗敏感性的标志物,30％ ～ 70％的患者因产生耐药性而终止化疗.有研究报道,乳腺癌易感基因BRCA1 (breast cancer susceptibility gene 1)的异常表达与85％的乳腺癌和65％的卵巢癌有关,BRCA1的状态是否可以作为乳腺癌化疗敏感性的标志物并为化疗选择提供指导还有待探讨[1].本文将对BRCA1与乳腺癌及化疗敏感性的关系进行综述.     

转导Caspase-1基因对人胃癌细胞药物敏感性的影响

许多研究表明,化学药物对敏感肿瘤细胞有促凋亡作用［１,２］。胃癌的发生发展与肿瘤细胞凋亡受抑有关,而且胃癌细胞对化疗药物的敏感性差。Ｃａｓｐａｓｅ－１基因是哺乳动物细胞促凋亡基因,转染该基因可使肿瘤细胞的增殖受抑,但对化疗药物的敏感性如何尚未见报道。为全面了解转导Ｃａｓｐａｓｅ－１基因后肿瘤细胞对化疗药物的敏感性,本实验观察了４种化疗药物对转染Ｃａｓｐａｓｅ－１基因的胃癌细胞的杀伤作用。１　材料和方法１．１　质粒、逆转录病毒载体构建及转染胃癌细胞株　人Ｃａｓｐａｓｅ－１－ｐＧＥＭ－１质粒由美国Ｔ…     

Bcl-2、Bad表达与乳腺癌细胞对化疗药物敏感性的关系

目的:研究bcl-2、bad表达与乳腺癌细胞对化疗药物敏感性的关系.方法:选取术中冰冻病理诊断为乳腺癌(术前未行放疗、化疗)的手术切除标本20例,体外分离细胞作培养,应用四甲基偶氮唑盐(3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-y1)-2,5--diphenylt etrazolium bromide,MTT)法分析表柔比星(Epirubicin adriamyein,EADM)、5一氟脲嘧啶(Fluorouracil,5一Fu)、盖诺(Navelbine,NVB)、顺铂(Diaminedichloroplatinum,DDP)4种化疗药物对乳腺癌肿瘤细胞的相对抑制率,通过免疫组织化学染色法分析乳腺癌组织bcl-2、bad的表达.结果:0.1倍血浆峰值浓度(Plasma peak concentration,PPC)浓度时乳腺癌细胞对4种化疗药物的敏感率分别为EADM 30%、5-Fu 20%、NVB45%、DDP25%;bcl-2(-)的乳腺癌细胞对4种化疗药物敏感性均高于bcl-2(+)的乳腺癌细胞(P<0.05),bel-2阳性表达程度与乳腺癌细胞对化疗药物的敏感性存在负相关关系(19<0.05).bad(+)的乳腺癌细胞对EADM敏感性高于bad(-)的乳腺癌细胞(P<0.05),bad阳性表达程度与乳腺癌细胞对EADM、NVB的敏感性存在正相关关系(P<0.05).结论:联合检测bcl-2、bad的表达可对乳腺癌化疗药物的选择起到指导作用,调节bcl-2、bad表达水平能成为治疗乳腺癌的新途径.     

拓扑异构酶Ⅱα表达与蒽环类药物在晚期乳腺癌中疗效的关系

目的观察晚期乳腺癌患者肿瘤组织中拓扑异构酶Ⅱα(topoisom eraseⅡ,αTopoⅡα)的表达与蒽环作为一线化疗药物疗效的关系。方法采用免疫组化法检测200例乳腺癌石蜡切片标本中TopoⅡα的表达,观察其与晚期乳腺癌患者临床病理参数及近期化疗有效率之间的关系。结果 200例晚期乳腺癌远处转移部位数、组织学分级、ER和Her-2表达与TopoⅡα表达有关。对于应用含有蒽环方案有效的患者,其肿瘤组织TopoⅡα阳性表达明显高于无效者(P<0.001)。采用非蒽环类方案的患者,其肿瘤组织TopoⅡα表达与疗效无关。结论 TopoⅡα的表达状态与晚期乳腺癌患者一线化疗疗效密切相关,化疗方案中含蒽环类药物者肿瘤组织表达TopoⅡα近期有效率更高。     

DNA拓扑异构酶IIα(topo IIα)与乳腺癌蒽环类药物化疗敏感性的研究进展

 DNA拓扑异构酶IIα(topoisomerase IIα,topo IIα)不仅是肿瘤细胞的一个增殖指标,也是蒽环类化疗药物的治疗靶点。体外实验已经表明topo IIα表达水平与蒽环类药物敏感性有关,但topo IIα能否作为乳腺癌蒽环类化疗敏感性的预测因子还存在争论。本文就近年来topo IIα及其他相关的分子指标与乳腺癌蒽环类药物敏感性的研究进展作一综述。     

白藜芦醇对缺氧环境中鼻咽癌细胞株CNE2的化疗增敏作用

目的：观察缺氧环境下白藜芦醇（resveratrol,Res）提高人鼻咽癌细胞株CNE2对化疗药物敏感性的作用并探讨其机制。 方法：将不同浓度白藜芦醇加入化疗药物干预过的CNE2中,低氧培养48 h,甲基噻唑基四唑法检测CNE2中白藜芦醇对化疗药物的逆转倍数,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡情况,应用反转录聚合酶链式反应和蛋白质印迹法检测CNE2细胞中多药耐药相关基因1（multidrug resistance gene 1,mdr1）、多药耐药相关蛋白1（multidrug resistance-associated protein 1,MRP1）和缺氧诱导因子1α（hypoxia inducible factor 1α,HIF-1α）mRNA和蛋白水平的表达变化。 结果：缺氧环境下白藜芦醇对化疗药物具有协同增效作用,200 μmol/L白藜芦醇对紫杉醇的逆转倍数为2.58。25、50、100和200 μmol/L白藜芦醇与紫杉醇合用,使紫杉醇诱导的CNE2细胞凋亡增加,且表现出明显的浓度依赖效应。此外随着白藜芦醇浓度的增加,mdr1、MRP1和HIF-1α的表达显著降低,加用白藜芦醇组与不加白藜芦醇组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。 结论：白藜芦醇可以通过下调核转录因子HIF-1α及多药耐药相关基因mdr1、MRP1的表达提高缺氧环境中鼻咽癌细胞株CNE2对化疗药物的敏感性。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.