Mortality and Readmissions After On-Pump Versus Off-Pump Redo Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery

IntroductionLarge institutional and administrative datasets that have compared on pump versus off pump first time coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). However, comparison of off-pump vs on-pump outcomes in patients undergoing redo CABG are limited in current literature.MethodsAll patients who underwent redo CABG for coronary artery disease from 2011 to 2017 at our institution were included in the study. Cox regression analysis was performed to identify variables associated with 5-year mortality and readmission.ResultsThree hundred and fifty patients underwent redo CABG; of which, 309 underwent on-pump CABG and 41 underwent off-pump CABG. Blood product transfusion (31.7% vs 58.9%; p = 0.001) and new onset atrial fibrillation (17.1% vs 35.6%; p = 0.018) were higher in the on-pump cohort. There was no difference in 30-day (2.4% vs 8.1%; p = 0.209), 1-year (4.9% vs 16.5%; p = 0.074), or 5-year mortality (31.7% vs 35.6%; p = 0.213) for off vs on pump redo CABG. There was no difference in 30-day or 1- hospital readmissions between groups. Five-year all cause readmissions (76.9% vs 55.3%; p = 0.037) was significantly higher in the off-pump redo CABG group. On multivariable analysis, on vs. off pump CABG was not significantly associated with mortality or readmission at 5 years.ConclusionThere was no short or long-term survival advantage for on-pump vs off-pump CABG despite risk adjustment. Hospital readmissions at 5-years were higher in the off-pump group.     

非体外循环和体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术后早中期结果比较

目的比较非体外循环心脏不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCAB)和体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术(CCABG)后的早中期结果。方法1999年1月至2000年1月单人连续完成的OPCAB(OPCAB组)90例和CCABG(CCABG组)115例,比较其术前、术后早期及中期随访结果。结果OPCAB组无手术死亡,CCABG组手术死亡1例。OPCAB组较CCABG组三支病变比率低(59%比78%),平均旁路移植支数少(3.6±0.8比4.3±1.0),手术并发症低(9.8%比14.6%),但均无显著性差异。随访结果OPCAB组中85例得到随访,随访率(94.4%),随访时间15.65±6.76(5～28)个月;CCABG组中108例得到随访,随访率(93.9%),随访时间17.95±7.35(3～28)个月。随访期间OPCAB组和CCABG组的死亡率、心肌梗死发生率、再血管化率分别为0%和3.7%(有显著性差异,P<0.05)、1.2%和0.9%、1.2%和0.9%。结论对于选择性病例,OPCAB可以获得较满意的早中期疗效。     

Activation of Coagulation and Fibrinolysis During Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: A Comparison Between On-Pump and Off-Pump Techniques

Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is associated with intense activation of hemostatic mechanisms. But the precise knowledge of the effects of eliminating CPB in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) are not well established. The present study was carried out to compare and document the changes in selected coagulation and fibrinolysis variables in patients undergoing on-pump and off-pump CABG (OPCAB). A total of 42 patients of on-pump and 31 patients of off-pump CABG were selected for the study. Platelet count, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), Fibrinogen and D-dimer levels were measured immediately, 24 h and 7 days after operation and compared with the baseline preoperative values. Statistical analysis was done by mixed ANOVA for repeated measures and Post-hoc tests using the Bonferroni correction, Chi square and unpaired t test. All the parameters were significantly changed (P < 0.05) with the time. Platelet counts, fibrinogen and D-dimer levels were significantly different between on-pump and off-pump CABG patients on immediate and 24 h postoperative period and attained almost same level after 7 days of operation. Fibrinogen level and platelet counts were increased after a sharp fall in the immediate post-operative period whereas D-dimer levels were persistently increased with a sharp peak of rise in the immediate post-operative period in on-pump group. On-pump surgery was associated with excessive fibrinolytic activity immediately after operation. The off-pump group demonstrated less activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis and delayed postoperative response that became almost equal to the on-pump group in the later postoperative period.     

血浆纤维蛋白原与颈动脉及冠状动脉粥样硬化病变的关系

前瞻性随机调查103例因心绞痛、不明原因胸痛或心肌梗塞而人院行冠脉造影的患者，根据冠脉造影结果分为冠脉正常组、单支病变组及多支病变组。用标准Judkins法作选择性冠脉造影，Gensini法计算冠脉造影积分；用Acuson－128型彩色电脑声像仪作颈动脉超声，Crouse法计算颈动脉斑块积分；清晨空腹采血测定血浆纤维蛋白原(Fg)浓度；探讨Fg与颈动脉、冠状动脉粥样硬化病变的关系。结果显示，不同冠脉病变组之间Fg水平有显著差异，Fg浓度与颈动脉斑块积分。冠脉病变支数及冠脉造影积分均呈显著正相关，提示Fg水平升高在冠心病及脑卒中的发生、发展中起重要作用。     

Mathematical Model for the Choice of Tactics of Revascularization in Case of Combined Lesions of the Carotid and Coronary Arteries

Based on the assessment of the long-term results of various surgical treatment strategies for patients with combined hemodynamically significant lesions of the coronary basin and internal carotid arteries, to develop a model for choosing the optimal revascularization strategy for patients with multifocal atherosclerosis. In 391 patients with combined hemodynamically significant atherosclerotic lesions of the coronary bed and internal carotid arteries, various options for reconstructive operations were performed. 1 - Staged surgery in the volume of coronary artery bypass grafting followed by carotid endarterectomy (n = 151, 38.6%); 2 - Combined coronary bypass surgery and carotid endarterectomy (n=141, 36%); 3 - Hybrid revascularization in the volume of percutaneous coronary intervention and carotidal endarterectomy (n = 28, 7.2%); 4 - Phased surgery in the volume of carotidal endarterectomyand subsequent coronary bypass surgery (n = 71, 18.2%). The study analyzed the frequency and structure of complications in the remote postoperative period (33.95±12.05 months - for of the total sample of patients). To select the optimal tactics of revascularization, the prognostic coefficients of all levels of risk factors for each tactic were evaluated and, on their basis, integral indicators characterizing a comprehensive assessment of risk factors for the corresponding surgical tactics were calculated. The developed model of personalized choice of the optimal surgical strategy, based on a comprehensive assessment of risk factors for an unfavorable outcome (clinical-demographic, coronary and cerebrovascular), makes it possible to predict the likelihood of developing unfavorable cardiovascular ones.     

餐后高血糖与高血压病患者颈动脉和冠状动脉粥样硬化相关

目的探讨原发性高血压患者餐后高血糖对颈动脉和冠状动脉粥样硬化的影响。方法入选高血压病患者295例,所有患者行75g葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)后分为餐后高血糖组,餐后正常血糖组。超声波检测颈动脉内膜中膜厚度(IMT)和动脉粥样斑块,其中88例合并冠心病患者行冠状动脉造影检查,评价冠状动脉狭窄程度。结果原发性高血压患者60.7%存在餐后高血糖。餐后高血糖组颈动脉IMT[(1.2±0.3)mm]显著大于餐后正常血糖组[(0.8±0.3)mm](P<0.01),颈动脉斑块检出率(59.2%)高于餐后正常血糖组(28.4%)(P<0.01)。高血压合并冠心病患者餐后高血糖达63.6%,餐后高血糖组冠状动脉狭窄评分更高(P<0.01)。相关分析餐后血糖水平与颈动脉IMT呈正相关(r=0.478,P<0.01),餐后血糖与冠脉狭窄程度正相关(r=0.557,P<0.01)。结论原发性高血压患者餐后高血糖与颈动脉、冠状动脉粥样硬化密切相关。高血压合并餐后高血糖大动脉损伤严重。     

餐后高血糖与高血压病患者颈动脉和冠状动脉粥样硬化相关

目的 探讨原发性高血压患者餐后高血糖对颈动脉和冠状动脉粥样硬化的影响.方法 入选高血压病患者295例,所有患者行75 g葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)后分为餐后高血糖组,餐后正常血糖组.超声波检测颈动脉内膜中膜厚度(IMT)和动脉粥样斑块,其中88例合并冠心病患者行冠状动脉造影检查,评价冠状动脉狭窄程度.结果 原发性高血压患者60.7%存在餐后高血糖.餐后高血糖组颈动脉IMT[(1.2±0.3)mm]显著大于餐后正常血糖组[(0.8±0.3)mm](P＜0.01),颈动脉斑块检出率(59.2%)高于餐后正常血糖组(28.4%)(P＜0.01).高血压合并冠心病患者餐后高血糖达63.6%,餐后高血糖组冠状动脉狭窄评分更高(P＜0.01).相关分析餐后血糖水平与颈动脉IMT呈正相关(r=0.478,P＜0.01),餐后血糖与冠脉狭窄程度正相关(r=0.557,P＜0.01).结论 原发性高血压患者餐后高血糖与颈动脉、冠状动脉粥样硬化密切相关.高血压合并餐后高血糖大动脉损伤严重.     

Percutaneous Management of a Coronary Bifurcation Aneurysm with Mesh-Covered Stents and the Simultaneous Kissing Stent Technique

A 63-year-old man was admitted with a clinical diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome (non-ST-segment elevation), characterized by regional hypokinesia of the left ventricular posterior and lateral walls and by positive cardiac biomarkers. The coronary angiogram showed a 12.5-mm-diameter aneurysm with a mural thrombus and possible distal embolism to the bifurcation of the left circumflex coronary artery and the 2nd marginal branch.The aneurysm was managed percutaneously by implanting 2 mesh-covered stents in accordance with the “simultaneous kissing stent” technique. Follow-up angiography and optical coherence tomography at 5 postprocedural months documented complete sealing of the aneurysm and diffuse in-stent restenosis. No sign of ischemia occurred during the subsequent follow-up.     

Total Arterial Myocardial Revascularization Using New Composite Graft Techniques for Internal Mammary and/or Radial Arteries Conduits

Abstract Background: Total arterial myocardial revascularization (TAMR) is feasible because of the excellent long-term patency of the arterial conduits. We present five new surgical configurations for TAMR. Methods: Between December 1998 and July 1999,34 patients with triple vessel disease underwent TAMR. All patients were in CCS 111 or IV. Sketelonized internal mammary arteries (IMAs) were used. The surgical techniques for TAMR consisted of Y or T composite grafts constructed between the in situ RlMA and free LIMA graft or radial artery (RA) conduit in three different configurations. Other techniques uses included a T graft constructed between the RA conduit and free LIMA graft in two configurations. Twenty-six (76%) patients underwent contrast-enhanced TTE color Doppler before and a after adenosine provocative test, and seven (20%) patients had postoperative coronary angiography. Results: Overall, 144 anastomoses (average number per patient, 4.2) were completed. One (2.9%) patient undergoing an inverted T graft technique died on postoperative day 2. Another patient (2.9%) undergoing the right Y graft technique using IMAs and RA suffered pe-rioperative AM1 due to RA conduit vasospasm. Contrast-enhanced TTE color Doppler before and after the adenosine provocative test and at 1 week postoperation revealed a coronary flow reserve (CFR) of 2.1 ± 0.2 in the LIMA stem, and in the RlMA stem, a CFR of 2.3 ± 0.3 (P < 0.007). In one patient undergoing the right Y graft technique using IMAs, we found only anomalous flow dynamic parameters of RIMA, suggesting a partial graft closure. The angio-graphic examination revealed a free LIMA graft closure. At 6 ± 2.4 months after operation 33 patients were alive and free of angina. The IMAs stem evaluation by TTE color Doppler at follow-up revealed a 2.45 ± 0.1 mm LIMA diameter and 2.6 ± 0.2 mm RlMA diameter, which was more than early postoperative data of P < 0.001 and P < 0.007, respectively. Conclusion: These data indicate that TAMR in young patients perhaps offers a better postoperative outcome and perhaps should be part of the surgical armamentarium. These techniques apply the “nontouch” principle and should be taken into consideration in patients with a heavily calcified aorta. Contrast-enhanced TTE color Doppler is a safe, accurate, and noninvasive test, which allows assessment of IMA patency and CFR evaluation. The flow reserve of the IMAs seems to be adequate for multiple coronary anastomoses.